The document discusses the principles of building construction in seismic areas, emphasizing the importance of symmetry, ductility, and robust design to withstand earthquakes. It highlights critical aspects such as foundation types, beam-column joints, and the use of appropriate materials and techniques for seismic retrofitting. Additionally, it outlines methods like the Mars system and carbon fiber retrofit techniques to enhance the resilience of existing structures.

2. Presented by:
Zia-Ul-Hassan Mamoon
2016-CRP-43
Abdur Raziq
2016-CRP-44
Building Construction In seismic Area
Course Instructor:
Sir Rehan Ashraf

3. The Earthquake

4. The Earthquake

5. Seismic Waves

6. Inertia forces in structures
Newton’s First Law of Motion

7. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
 Torsion
• Twist in buildings, called
torsion
• Induces more damage in
the columns and walls on
the side that moves more
• Minimize this twist by
ensuring that buildings
have symmetry in plan

8. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.

9. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
 Ductility
• Ductility refers to the ratio of the displacement
• Earthquake-resistant design is to have sufficient ductile materials at points
of tensile stresses
• Failure of a column can affect the stability of the whole building, but the
failure of a beam causes localized effect
• It is better to make beams to be the ductile weak links than columns
• Strong column weak-beam design method

10. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.

11. Seismic Construction of RC Buildings
 Foundation
• loose soils
• Sub-grade below the entire area of the building shall preferably be of
the same type of the soil
• Crumple section shall be provided
• Loose fine sand, soft silt and expansive clays should be avoided
• Piles taken to a firm stratum

12. Beam-Column and joints
 Beams
• Earthquake-induced forces
• Flexure and shear
• Flexure or bending failure
• More steel present on tension face
• More steel on tension face is not necessarily desirable
• Brittle failure and therefore undesirable

13. Beams

14. Beams

15. Beams

16. Column
• Shear failure is brittle and must be avoided in
columns by providing transverse ties at close spacing
• 300mm wide

17. Column
Avoiding Short Column

18. Beam-column joints
Beam –column joints is extremely critical portion of RC frame
building

19. Seismic construction of Masonry Buildings
• Attract large horizontal forces
during earthquake shaking
• Large, tall, long and
unsymmetrical buildings
perform poorly during
earthquakes

20. Walls In Stone Masonry
• The wall thickness should not exceed 450mm
• Thickness of at least one-sixth its height
• Use of mud mortar should be avoided in higher seismic zones
• Cement-sand mortar should be 1:6 (or richer) and lime-sand mortar 1:3 (or
richer) should be used

21. Walls In Stone Masonry

22. •Recent Development
of Seismic Retrofit
Methods in Japan

23. Opening in wall
• Door and window openings in walls reduce their lateral load resistance and
hence should preferably be small and more centrally located.
 Floor
• Height of each story should not exceed 3.0m
 Roofs
• For pitched roofs, corrugated iron or asbestos sheets should be used

24. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns
• Seismic retrofit technique for existing reinforced concrete columns
• Shear strength, lateral deformability and axial capacity

25. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns

26. MARS system (Mending Application
of Reinforced Sheets)
• MARS system is the method of reinforcing existing concrete
structures with FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) sheets that are strong
• Increase the durability and the ductility of structural members
• Anti-corrosive

27. MARS system (Mending Application of
Reinforced Sheets)

28. MARS system (Mending Application of
Reinforced Sheets)

29. MARS system (Mending Application of
Reinforced Sheets)

30. MARS system (Mending Application of
Reinforced Sheets)

31. SR-CF System (Seismic Retrofit by Carbon
Fiber sheet)
• Seismic retrofitting technology for existing reinforced concrete
buildings by adhering carbon fiber sheets
• Improve the structural properties of independent columns, columns
wing-walls beams 3), and walls

32. SR-CF System (Seismic Retrofit by
Carbon Fiber sheet)

33. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns

34. References
• Recent Development of Seismic Retrofit Methods in
Japan
• Earthquake safety construction: from guidelines to
practice

35. Thanks