Building desighn in seiemic environment
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For detail description EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION: FROM GUIDELINES TO PRACTICE Experiences from School Earthquake Safety Initiative Project. Recent Development of Seismic Retrofit Methods in Japan
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How do Brick Masonry Houses behave during Earthquakes?
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Earthquake resistant buildings
Earthquake resistant buildings are designed to withstand the lateral vibrations caused by earthquakes. Key features include designing structures to be ductile so they can bend and flex without collapsing when exposed to seismic forces. Proper design according to building codes and quality control are also important to minimize structural damage from earthquakes.
Earthquake Resistant Masonry Buildings
This document discusses earthquake resistant design of masonry buildings. It provides general principles for earthquake resistant structures, including using materials that are not brittle and will resist sudden collapse. It describes various construction systems for masonry, such as unreinforced, reinforced, and confined masonry. Key elements like walls, lintels, floors, and roofs are discussed. Design considerations include using uniformly distributed walls, adequate foundations, reinforced partitions, and limiting spans of cantilever slabs. Overall, masonry buildings can perform well in earthquakes if built with good quality materials and construction according to these design principles.
Temporary works
The document discusses various types of temporary works used in construction including timbering trenches, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It describes 5 common methods for timbering trenches - stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, runners system, and sheet piling. It also outlines different types of scaffolding such as single, double, needle, trestle, and suspended scaffolding. The document defines shoring and lists 3 types - raking, flying, and dead shores. Finally, it explains underpinning and the two methods used - the pit method and pile method.
Seismic behavior of beam column Joint
This document discusses the seismic behavior of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete moment frames. It begins by introducing beam-column joints and their importance. It then explains that joints have limited strength and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. To prevent this, joints must be designed to resist earthquake effects. The document outlines how beams apply moments to joints during quakes and how this can cause diagonal cracking if the joint is not reinforced properly. It concludes that providing large column sizes or steel ties in the joint can prevent such cracking and damage.
Earthquake tip 12
Brick masonry houses are very vulnerable during earthquakes as they are brittle structures. To improve seismic performance, all walls must be properly joined to act as a box with the roof and foundation. This allows forces from shaking to travel through the structure without causing major damage. Specifically, good connections between walls and limiting the size of openings and dimensions of walls can strengthen box action. The choice of building materials like bricks and mortar also affects earthquake resistance, with clay bricks and cement-sand mortar being most suitable. Indian standards provide guidelines for materials in each seismic zone.
PROJECT
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on the seismic behavior of beam-column joints using high-strength materials. The project aims to study different methods and find the best approach. The student will calculate seismic forces, model joints in software, perform manual calculations, and compare results. A literature review covered previous research on reinforcing joints with steel plates or fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and the behavior of high-strength concrete joints under axial loads. The project schedule outlines tasks from literature collection to thesis writing to be completed between January 2016 to May 2016.
Lining of tunnel
This document discusses tunnel failures and tunnel linings. It notes that tunnels can fail due to discontinuities in the surrounding rock/soil, stratified rock layers, stress, minerals, water pressure, seismic effects, and permanent soil displacement. Tunnel linings are needed to prevent collapse in loose rock and soft soils. Common tunnel lining materials include in-situ concrete, rock shotcrete, wire mesh, steel bolts, and pneumatically applied mortar and concrete. Modern tunnels often use precast concrete blocks for their lining in an advance construction method.
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Earthquake resistant buildings are designed to withstand the lateral vibrations caused by earthquakes. Key features include designing structures to be ductile so they can bend and flex without collapsing when exposed to seismic forces. Proper design according to building codes and quality control are also important to minimize structural damage from earthquakes.
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This document discusses earthquake resistant design of masonry buildings. It provides general principles for earthquake resistant structures, including using materials that are not brittle and will resist sudden collapse. It describes various construction systems for masonry, such as unreinforced, reinforced, and confined masonry. Key elements like walls, lintels, floors, and roofs are discussed. Design considerations include using uniformly distributed walls, adequate foundations, reinforced partitions, and limiting spans of cantilever slabs. Overall, masonry buildings can perform well in earthquakes if built with good quality materials and construction according to these design principles.
Temporary works
The document discusses various types of temporary works used in construction including timbering trenches, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It describes 5 common methods for timbering trenches - stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, runners system, and sheet piling. It also outlines different types of scaffolding such as single, double, needle, trestle, and suspended scaffolding. The document defines shoring and lists 3 types - raking, flying, and dead shores. Finally, it explains underpinning and the two methods used - the pit method and pile method.
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This document discusses the seismic behavior of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete moment frames. It begins by introducing beam-column joints and their importance. It then explains that joints have limited strength and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. To prevent this, joints must be designed to resist earthquake effects. The document outlines how beams apply moments to joints during quakes and how this can cause diagonal cracking if the joint is not reinforced properly. It concludes that providing large column sizes or steel ties in the joint can prevent such cracking and damage.
Earthquake tip 12
Brick masonry houses are very vulnerable during earthquakes as they are brittle structures. To improve seismic performance, all walls must be properly joined to act as a box with the roof and foundation. This allows forces from shaking to travel through the structure without causing major damage. Specifically, good connections between walls and limiting the size of openings and dimensions of walls can strengthen box action. The choice of building materials like bricks and mortar also affects earthquake resistance, with clay bricks and cement-sand mortar being most suitable. Indian standards provide guidelines for materials in each seismic zone.
PROJECT
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on the seismic behavior of beam-column joints using high-strength materials. The project aims to study different methods and find the best approach. The student will calculate seismic forces, model joints in software, perform manual calculations, and compare results. A literature review covered previous research on reinforcing joints with steel plates or fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and the behavior of high-strength concrete joints under axial loads. The project schedule outlines tasks from literature collection to thesis writing to be completed between January 2016 to May 2016.
Lining of tunnel
This document discusses tunnel failures and tunnel linings. It notes that tunnels can fail due to discontinuities in the surrounding rock/soil, stratified rock layers, stress, minerals, water pressure, seismic effects, and permanent soil displacement. Tunnel linings are needed to prevent collapse in loose rock and soft soils. Common tunnel lining materials include in-situ concrete, rock shotcrete, wire mesh, steel bolts, and pneumatically applied mortar and concrete. Modern tunnels often use precast concrete blocks for their lining in an advance construction method.
Temporary works
This document summarizes information presented in a seminar on temporary works for civil engineering students. It defines temporary works as parts of a construction project needed to enable the permanent structures to be built, usually removed after use, such as scaffolding and shoring. Methods of timbering trenches are described, including stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, and sheet piling. Types of scaffolding like single, double, needle and trestle are defined. Shoring methods like raking, flying and dead shores are explained for temporarily supporting unsafe structures.
Earthquake tip 22
This document discusses the short column effect that can occur during earthquakes. Short columns experience more damage than taller columns because they are stiffer and attract larger earthquake forces to deform the same amount. Short columns are found in buildings on sloping ground, with mezzanine floors, or next to partial-height walls. The solutions involve avoiding short columns in design, strengthening them structurally as required by code, or removing the cause by extending partial walls to full height.
Tutor types of foundations
A foundation spreads the load of a building over the subsoil to prevent uneven settling. Common types include pad foundations for individual loads, strip foundations for walls, and raft foundations that cover the whole floor area. Foundations must be deep enough to avoid movement from frost or swelling ground, with a minimum depth of 1 meter for clay soil. Reinforced concrete distributes loads effectively and prevents bending in wide or stepped foundations.
Introduction to Types of Foundation
This document discusses foundations for structures. It defines a foundation as the low artificially built part of a structure that transmits loads to the ground. Foundations come in two main types: shallow foundations, which are used when soil can support loads within 1.5m of the surface, and deep foundations, which are required when soil cannot support loads near the surface. Shallow foundations include isolated footings, combined footings, raft foundations, and strip footings. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which use long structural members driven or bored into the ground to transfer loads to stronger deeper soils. The document discusses classifications and functions of different foundation types.
Deep foundation full information
Hi everyone thanks for you to see our report again, and our report contains every single information about deep foundation just like advantages and disadvantages and types and here again just like the shallow foundation report we compared both with each other.
And from this link you read about shallow foundation
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AliRizgar/shallow-foundation-full-information
And from this email you can ask any thing to us
Alirizgar234@gmail.com
ALL ABOUT DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Deep foundations are foundations that extend far below the surface due to poor subsurface soil conditions that prevent the use of shallow foundations. The three most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, caisson foundations, and drilled shaft foundations. Pile foundations transfer structural loads to the ground by end bearing on a hard layer of soil or bedrock and through friction along the pile's surface. Pile types include precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, composite, and timber. Caisson foundations are constructed by sinking large reinforced concrete boxes or cylinders into the ground. Drilled shafts are constructed by drilling a hole into the ground and filling it with reinforced concrete. Deep foundations are necessary when suitable bearing soil is located at depth
Secant piled walls dsign - تصميم خوازيق الجدران الساندة - ميكرو بايل
• A retaining wall construction method in which walls are constructed with small gaps between adjacent piles. The size of the space is determined by the nature of the soils.
• الخوازيق الساندة بيتم تنفيذها قبل حفر الموقع لأن وظيفتها سند جوانب الحفر
ولايتم الحفر قبل مرور 28 يوم على تنفيذ آخر خازوق ساند
• وبيتم استخدام الخوازيق البنتونيت فى حالة وجود مياة جوفية بمنسوب أعلى ممنسوب الحفرن
• وبيتم تنفيذ الخوازيق البنتونيت أولا ثم بين كل خازوقين بنتونيت يتم تنفيذ خازوق خرسانى بحيث يتداخل بالخوازيق البنتونيت أثناءالتنفي ولا تأثير انشائي له سواء الاملاء وسند التربة
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This document discusses guidelines for constructing earthquake resistant masonry buildings. It begins by defining earthquakes and outlining key precautions in planning like ensuring buildings are light, symmetrical, regular, and simple in design. It then discusses failure mechanisms of masonry structures, including out-of-plane failure and connection failure. The document provides suggestions for new masonry buildings in seismic areas, such as using quality materials, limiting building size and height, and reinforcing wall connections.
A Study of R. C. C. Beam Column Junction Subjected To QuasiStatic (Monotonic)...
This document summarizes a study on reinforced concrete beam-column junctions subjected to quasi-static (monotonic) loading. The study analyzes parameters like stress, displacement, and joint stiffness. Previous research on corner and exterior beam-column joints under cyclic loading is reviewed. The behavior of exterior joints differs from corner joints. Finite element analysis is used to model the joints, and results are compared to experimental data. Design and performance criteria for beam-column joints in seismic regions are discussed. Joint shear strength and bond strength are important factors addressed in the design process.
Chapter 11 temporary works
This document discusses various methods of timbering trenches and types of scaffolding. It describes five methods of timbering deep trenches: 1) stay bracing, 2) box sheeting, 3) vertical sheeting, 4) runner system, and 5) sheet piling. It also discusses three types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Finally, it outlines seven types of scaffolding: single, double, cantilever, suspended, trestle, steel, and patented scaffolding.
Earthquake tips 14 &15
Horizontal bands are necessary in masonry buildings to tie the walls together and act as a single unit during earthquakes. Specifically, lintel bands connect walls loaded in the strong direction to support walls loaded in the weak direction. Proper design of lintel bands, including adequate connections at corners, is important. Vertical reinforcement is also required because openings in walls weaken the structure. During quakes, wall piers can disconnect and rock, but vertical bars force the piers to bend instead of rock, preventing collapse. Reinforcement around openings restricts cracking at distorted corners during seismic deformation.
Bored pile-retaining-walls
This document summarizes different types of bored pile retaining walls that can be used for underground construction projects. It describes three distinct bored pile wall systems - contiguous pile walls, secant pile walls using soft/firm concrete, and secant pile walls using hard/hard concrete. Contiguous pile walls use discrete piles installed slightly farther apart than their diameters, while secant pile walls use interlocking primary and secondary piles. The choice of system depends on factors like soil, groundwater, heights, construction time, and costs. Bored pile walls provide efficient underground space with minimal excavation and ground movement control.
Microtunel Construction / Secant Pile
This document summarizes the process for constructing secant piles for a microtunnel shaft. It involves first constructing guide walls as reference points. Then female piles are drilled and concreted without reinforcement cages using lower grade concrete. Male piles are drilled between female piles, cutting through them. Reinforcement cages are installed in male piles before higher grade concrete is placed continuously from the bottom up via a tremie. The casing is gradually extracted to allow the concrete to rise above the cutoff level.
Prestresses concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method that applies compressive force to reinforced concrete in order to counteract tensile forces. This prevents cracking and allows concrete to be treated as an elastic material. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned before casting, and post-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned after casting using ducts. Prestressed concrete enables longer spans, reduces material usage, and improves durability compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment, which increases costs.
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Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Concrete foundations presentations
Harp Legacy Concrete is a partnership founded in 2005 that provides turnkey reinforced concrete foundations and basement walls for residential and small commercial buildings. They have over 60 years of combined construction and engineering experience. Their process involves excavating the site, forming and reinforcing concrete footings and walls, installing anchor bolts and waterproofing the walls before backfilling the site. Concrete foundations provide advantages over masonry including greater strength, durability, and allowance for deeper basements.
earthquake resistant masonry buildings
This document discusses concepts for designing earthquake-resistant masonry buildings. It notes types of failures observed in past earthquakes, including cracking in brick arches and openings. It emphasizes using reinforced masonry with proper cement-sand ratios and horizontal bands. The document outlines steps for determining lateral loads, including distributing seismic forces to walls based on their rigidity. It also addresses issues like torsion, overturning forces, and checking walls for out-of-plane bending stresses. The goal is to consider factors like material strengths and building geometry for effective seismic design of masonry structures.
1.0 Introduction To Structure
1. The document discusses different types of forces and loads that act on structures, including tension, compression, shear, dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load.
2. It also describes the characteristics of common primary building materials - timber, bricks, concrete, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and stainless steel.
3. The key materials discussed are timber, which is strong in tension and compression but weak in bending; bricks, which are durable and fire resistant; and concrete and steel, which are very widely used due to their high strength and durability though concrete is weak in tension and steel prone to corrosion.
Study on foundation in Construction
Foundation plays an important role in the Construction work. To build a strong building, we need to have a strong base and for increasing the life of the structure, it's necessary to have a strong foundation.
Design highrise
The document discusses high rise buildings and their structures. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. Buildings over 100m are called skyscrapers and over 600m are mega-tall. High rises are constructed to address land scarcity in urban areas and increasing demand for space. Their structures have evolved from early stone and iron frames to steel skeleton frames to reinforced concrete shear walls and core structures. Foundations must transfer enormous loads into the ground through methods like raft or pile foundations. Interior structures use rigid frames, shear walls, and exterior structures employ tube systems to resist lateral wind and seismic loads.
Earthquake damages
The document summarizes seismic damages from the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India. It killed over 13,000 people and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes. Common failures of reinforced concrete structures included soft stories, floating columns, strong column weak beam configurations, mass and plan irregularities, poor construction materials and techniques, and pounding between adjacent buildings. Soft story failures occurred particularly in buildings with large ground floor openings. Floating columns and strong column weak beam designs led to column failures. Masonry structures commonly experienced out-of-plane wall failures, in-plane shear failures, connection failures between walls and floors, diaphragm failures, and failures around wall openings.
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This document summarizes information presented in a seminar on temporary works for civil engineering students. It defines temporary works as parts of a construction project needed to enable the permanent structures to be built, usually removed after use, such as scaffolding and shoring. Methods of timbering trenches are described, including stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, and sheet piling. Types of scaffolding like single, double, needle and trestle are defined. Shoring methods like raking, flying and dead shores are explained for temporarily supporting unsafe structures.
Earthquake tip 22
This document discusses the short column effect that can occur during earthquakes. Short columns experience more damage than taller columns because they are stiffer and attract larger earthquake forces to deform the same amount. Short columns are found in buildings on sloping ground, with mezzanine floors, or next to partial-height walls. The solutions involve avoiding short columns in design, strengthening them structurally as required by code, or removing the cause by extending partial walls to full height.
Tutor types of foundations
A foundation spreads the load of a building over the subsoil to prevent uneven settling. Common types include pad foundations for individual loads, strip foundations for walls, and raft foundations that cover the whole floor area. Foundations must be deep enough to avoid movement from frost or swelling ground, with a minimum depth of 1 meter for clay soil. Reinforced concrete distributes loads effectively and prevents bending in wide or stepped foundations.
Introduction to Types of Foundation
This document discusses foundations for structures. It defines a foundation as the low artificially built part of a structure that transmits loads to the ground. Foundations come in two main types: shallow foundations, which are used when soil can support loads within 1.5m of the surface, and deep foundations, which are required when soil cannot support loads near the surface. Shallow foundations include isolated footings, combined footings, raft foundations, and strip footings. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which use long structural members driven or bored into the ground to transfer loads to stronger deeper soils. The document discusses classifications and functions of different foundation types.
Deep foundation full information
Hi everyone thanks for you to see our report again, and our report contains every single information about deep foundation just like advantages and disadvantages and types and here again just like the shallow foundation report we compared both with each other.
And from this link you read about shallow foundation
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AliRizgar/shallow-foundation-full-information
And from this email you can ask any thing to us
Alirizgar234@gmail.com
ALL ABOUT DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Deep foundations are foundations that extend far below the surface due to poor subsurface soil conditions that prevent the use of shallow foundations. The three most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, caisson foundations, and drilled shaft foundations. Pile foundations transfer structural loads to the ground by end bearing on a hard layer of soil or bedrock and through friction along the pile's surface. Pile types include precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, composite, and timber. Caisson foundations are constructed by sinking large reinforced concrete boxes or cylinders into the ground. Drilled shafts are constructed by drilling a hole into the ground and filling it with reinforced concrete. Deep foundations are necessary when suitable bearing soil is located at depth
Secant piled walls dsign - تصميم خوازيق الجدران الساندة - ميكرو بايل
• A retaining wall construction method in which walls are constructed with small gaps between adjacent piles. The size of the space is determined by the nature of the soils.
• الخوازيق الساندة بيتم تنفيذها قبل حفر الموقع لأن وظيفتها سند جوانب الحفر
ولايتم الحفر قبل مرور 28 يوم على تنفيذ آخر خازوق ساند
• وبيتم استخدام الخوازيق البنتونيت فى حالة وجود مياة جوفية بمنسوب أعلى ممنسوب الحفرن
• وبيتم تنفيذ الخوازيق البنتونيت أولا ثم بين كل خازوقين بنتونيت يتم تنفيذ خازوق خرسانى بحيث يتداخل بالخوازيق البنتونيت أثناءالتنفي ولا تأثير انشائي له سواء الاملاء وسند التربة
Earthquake resistant building
This document discusses guidelines for constructing earthquake resistant masonry buildings. It begins by defining earthquakes and outlining key precautions in planning like ensuring buildings are light, symmetrical, regular, and simple in design. It then discusses failure mechanisms of masonry structures, including out-of-plane failure and connection failure. The document provides suggestions for new masonry buildings in seismic areas, such as using quality materials, limiting building size and height, and reinforcing wall connections.
A Study of R. C. C. Beam Column Junction Subjected To QuasiStatic (Monotonic)...
This document summarizes a study on reinforced concrete beam-column junctions subjected to quasi-static (monotonic) loading. The study analyzes parameters like stress, displacement, and joint stiffness. Previous research on corner and exterior beam-column joints under cyclic loading is reviewed. The behavior of exterior joints differs from corner joints. Finite element analysis is used to model the joints, and results are compared to experimental data. Design and performance criteria for beam-column joints in seismic regions are discussed. Joint shear strength and bond strength are important factors addressed in the design process.
Chapter 11 temporary works
This document discusses various methods of timbering trenches and types of scaffolding. It describes five methods of timbering deep trenches: 1) stay bracing, 2) box sheeting, 3) vertical sheeting, 4) runner system, and 5) sheet piling. It also discusses three types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Finally, it outlines seven types of scaffolding: single, double, cantilever, suspended, trestle, steel, and patented scaffolding.
Earthquake tips 14 &15
Horizontal bands are necessary in masonry buildings to tie the walls together and act as a single unit during earthquakes. Specifically, lintel bands connect walls loaded in the strong direction to support walls loaded in the weak direction. Proper design of lintel bands, including adequate connections at corners, is important. Vertical reinforcement is also required because openings in walls weaken the structure. During quakes, wall piers can disconnect and rock, but vertical bars force the piers to bend instead of rock, preventing collapse. Reinforcement around openings restricts cracking at distorted corners during seismic deformation.
Bored pile-retaining-walls
This document summarizes different types of bored pile retaining walls that can be used for underground construction projects. It describes three distinct bored pile wall systems - contiguous pile walls, secant pile walls using soft/firm concrete, and secant pile walls using hard/hard concrete. Contiguous pile walls use discrete piles installed slightly farther apart than their diameters, while secant pile walls use interlocking primary and secondary piles. The choice of system depends on factors like soil, groundwater, heights, construction time, and costs. Bored pile walls provide efficient underground space with minimal excavation and ground movement control.
Microtunel Construction / Secant Pile
This document summarizes the process for constructing secant piles for a microtunnel shaft. It involves first constructing guide walls as reference points. Then female piles are drilled and concreted without reinforcement cages using lower grade concrete. Male piles are drilled between female piles, cutting through them. Reinforcement cages are installed in male piles before higher grade concrete is placed continuously from the bottom up via a tremie. The casing is gradually extracted to allow the concrete to rise above the cutoff level.
Prestresses concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method that applies compressive force to reinforced concrete in order to counteract tensile forces. This prevents cracking and allows concrete to be treated as an elastic material. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned before casting, and post-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned after casting using ducts. Prestressed concrete enables longer spans, reduces material usage, and improves durability compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment, which increases costs.
Construction Technology II (Seminar) - Deep excavation
The document discusses various aspects of deep excavation construction methods. It begins by listing the three main types of construction methods - open cut, bottom-up, and top-down. It then provides details on the top-down method, including a five-step sequence of construction. Next, it identifies two major design considerations for deep excavation as subsurface investigation/testing and evaluating adjacent foundation properties. It concludes by discussing different types of excavation support systems, including soldier piles and lagging, and identifying considerations for selecting support methods.
Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Concrete foundations presentations
Harp Legacy Concrete is a partnership founded in 2005 that provides turnkey reinforced concrete foundations and basement walls for residential and small commercial buildings. They have over 60 years of combined construction and engineering experience. Their process involves excavating the site, forming and reinforcing concrete footings and walls, installing anchor bolts and waterproofing the walls before backfilling the site. Concrete foundations provide advantages over masonry including greater strength, durability, and allowance for deeper basements.
earthquake resistant masonry buildings
This document discusses concepts for designing earthquake-resistant masonry buildings. It notes types of failures observed in past earthquakes, including cracking in brick arches and openings. It emphasizes using reinforced masonry with proper cement-sand ratios and horizontal bands. The document outlines steps for determining lateral loads, including distributing seismic forces to walls based on their rigidity. It also addresses issues like torsion, overturning forces, and checking walls for out-of-plane bending stresses. The goal is to consider factors like material strengths and building geometry for effective seismic design of masonry structures.
1.0 Introduction To Structure
1. The document discusses different types of forces and loads that act on structures, including tension, compression, shear, dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load.
2. It also describes the characteristics of common primary building materials - timber, bricks, concrete, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and stainless steel.
3. The key materials discussed are timber, which is strong in tension and compression but weak in bending; bricks, which are durable and fire resistant; and concrete and steel, which are very widely used due to their high strength and durability though concrete is weak in tension and steel prone to corrosion.
Study on foundation in Construction
Foundation plays an important role in the Construction work. To build a strong building, we need to have a strong base and for increasing the life of the structure, it's necessary to have a strong foundation.
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Secant piled walls dsign - تصميم خوازيق الجدران الساندة - ميكرو بايل
Secant piled walls dsign - تصميم خوازيق الجدران الساندة - ميكرو بايل
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A Study of R. C. C. Beam Column Junction Subjected To QuasiStatic (Monotonic)...
Construction Technology II (Seminar) - Deep excavation
Construction Technology II (Seminar) - Deep excavation
Similar to Building desighn in seiemic environment
Design highrise
The document discusses high rise buildings and their structures. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. Buildings over 100m are called skyscrapers and over 600m are mega-tall. High rises are constructed to address land scarcity in urban areas and increasing demand for space. Their structures have evolved from early stone and iron frames to steel skeleton frames to reinforced concrete shear walls and core structures. Foundations must transfer enormous loads into the ground through methods like raft or pile foundations. Interior structures use rigid frames, shear walls, and exterior structures employ tube systems to resist lateral wind and seismic loads.
Earthquake damages
The document summarizes seismic damages from the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India. It killed over 13,000 people and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes. Common failures of reinforced concrete structures included soft stories, floating columns, strong column weak beam configurations, mass and plan irregularities, poor construction materials and techniques, and pounding between adjacent buildings. Soft story failures occurred particularly in buildings with large ground floor openings. Floating columns and strong column weak beam designs led to column failures. Masonry structures commonly experienced out-of-plane wall failures, in-plane shear failures, connection failures between walls and floors, diaphragm failures, and failures around wall openings.
designhighrise-171106164907.pptx
This document provides information on high-rise buildings. It begins with definitions of high-rise, skyscraper, and supertall buildings based on height. It then discusses the demands and drivers for high-rise construction such as land scarcity and prestige. The document outlines the development of high-rise buildings from early structures made of stone/brick and iron to modern steel and concrete designs. It provides details on structural systems such as tube, shear wall, braced frame, and core structures. Finally, it discusses structural loads, foundation types, construction materials and interior/exterior structural components of high-rise buildings.
Shear walls
Shear walls are preferred in seismic regions because they are very effective at resisting lateral forces during earthquakes. Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to transfer seismic forces throughout the height of the building. They provide large strength, high stiffness, and ductility. Shear wall buildings have performed much better during past earthquakes compared to reinforced concrete frame buildings. Some key advantages of shear walls include good earthquake resistance when designed properly, easy construction, reduced construction costs, and minimized damage to structural and non-structural elements during seismic events.
Framed structures
Framed structures are building skeleton frameworks formed by columns and beams. There are two main types: in-situ reinforced concrete frames and prefabricated frames. Rectangular framed structures use columns and beams arranged at right angles to support floors, walls, and roofs. They are commonly used for multi-story buildings like offices, schools, and hospitals. Framed structures provide large open floor plans and are adaptable to different shapes. Earthquake-resistant features in framed structures include shear walls, moment-resisting frames, and braced structures which resist lateral forces during seismic activity.
Lecture earthquake-4
Structural retrofitting involves strengthening existing structures to withstand earthquake loads. Retrofitting techniques discussed include adding shear walls, concrete or steel jacketing of columns, steel plating or fiber wrapping of beams, and upgrading foundations. The objectives of retrofitting are to increase strength and ductility, provide unity to the structure, eliminate weaknesses, avoid brittle failures, and enhance redundancy. Effective retrofitting ensures the intended performance is reliably achieved in a cost-effective manner.
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A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
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The document discusses various techniques for making earthquake-resistant buildings, including:
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This document provides information about a study on the analysis and design of high-rise buildings. It defines what constitutes a high-rise building and explores the various factors driving demand for them. It examines the history of tall buildings and provides a chart showing increases in building heights over time. It also discusses structural systems and loads, including gravity, lateral and special loads. Core functions, parking considerations and case studies of high-rise projects are presented.
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Hereby, I have uploaded a basic structural system of post- lintel structure. Hope that it may help anyone to get an idea of this structural system.
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This document discusses earthquake resistant construction techniques. It defines key terms like focus, epicenter, magnitude, and intensity. It describes how seismic waves are generated and how structures behaved during past earthquakes. Techniques to plan earthquake resistant buildings are covered, like separating building parts, avoiding irregularities, and using articulation and expansion joints. Foundation design considerations in seismic zones and permissible increases in soil bearing capacity are also summarized. Seismic coefficients for different zones in India are provided.
Foundations
The document provides information on different types of foundations used in construction. It discusses shallow foundations such as spread footings, combined footings, strap or cantilever footings, mat or raft foundations, and grillage foundations. It also covers deep foundations including pile foundations, caisson foundations, and well foundations. Pile foundations are described in more detail, outlining different types of piles based on their function and how they are constructed and used with pile caps to distribute loads to the soil.
Retrofitting
Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
Retrofitting a building involves changing its systems or structure after its initial construction and occupation. This work can improve amenities for the building's occupants and improve the performance of the building
Blast resistance building
Now a days very less research is going on for this topic. I have tried to design G+1 building using STAAD Pro as per IS Code 4991-1968.
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It contains details of retrofitting techniques and their application in various aspects in historical monuments. It would help to protect several heritage structures from the devastating effect of the earthquake. Some applications are also helpful too counter act the severe effect of the wind load. There are many historical heritages especially in India, are reopened to the public after being retrofitted and renovated.
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This document is a project report on earthquake resistant buildings submitted by a civil engineering student. It begins with an acknowledgement thanking the project guide. The contents section lists topics that will be covered such as what is an earthquake, how they affect buildings, seismic zones in India, and popular earthquake resistant techniques. The introduction defines earthquakes and classifies their magnitudes. It also discusses how earthquakes can damage buildings and the impacts like structural damage, fires, and landslides. Popular earthquake resistant techniques discussed include shear walls, seismic dampers, base isolation, horizontal bands, and rollers.
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This document provides an overview of multistory building design and analysis. It discusses reinforced concrete multistory buildings consisting of slabs, beams, girders and columns forming a rigid monolithic system. It also describes how multistory buildings can be modeled as three-dimensional space frames and analyzed independently in two perpendicular horizontal axes. Finally, it covers various structural analysis methods that can be used depending on the building size and importance, ranging from approximate manual methods to more sophisticated computer-based techniques.
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Building desighn in seiemic environment
- 2. Presented by: Zia-Ul-Hassan Mamoon 2016-CRP-43 Abdur Raziq 2016-CRP-44 Building Construction In seismic Area Course Instructor: Sir Rehan Ashraf
- 6. Inertia forces in structures Newton’s First Law of Motion
- 7. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake. Torsion • Twist in buildings, called torsion • Induces more damage in the columns and walls on the side that moves more • Minimize this twist by ensuring that buildings have symmetry in plan
- 8. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
- 9. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake. Ductility • Ductility refers to the ratio of the displacement • Earthquake-resistant design is to have sufficient ductile materials at points of tensile stresses • Failure of a column can affect the stability of the whole building, but the failure of a beam causes localized effect • It is better to make beams to be the ductile weak links than columns • Strong column weak-beam design method
- 10. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
- 11. Seismic Construction of RC Buildings Foundation • loose soils • Sub-grade below the entire area of the building shall preferably be of the same type of the soil • Crumple section shall be provided • Loose fine sand, soft silt and expansive clays should be avoided • Piles taken to a firm stratum
- 12. Beam-Column and joints Beams • Earthquake-induced forces • Flexure and shear • Flexure or bending failure • More steel present on tension face • More steel on tension face is not necessarily desirable • Brittle failure and therefore undesirable
- 13. Beams
- 14. Beams
- 15. Beams
- 16. Column • Shear failure is brittle and must be avoided in columns by providing transverse ties at close spacing • 300mm wide
- 18. Beam-column joints Beam –column joints is extremely critical portion of RC frame building
- 19. Seismic construction of Masonry Buildings • Attract large horizontal forces during earthquake shaking • Large, tall, long and unsymmetrical buildings perform poorly during earthquakes
- 20. Walls In Stone Masonry • The wall thickness should not exceed 450mm • Thickness of at least one-sixth its height • Use of mud mortar should be avoided in higher seismic zones • Cement-sand mortar should be 1:6 (or richer) and lime-sand mortar 1:3 (or richer) should be used
- 21. Walls In Stone Masonry
- 22. •Recent Development of Seismic Retrofit Methods in Japan
- 23. Opening in wall • Door and window openings in walls reduce their lateral load resistance and hence should preferably be small and more centrally located. Floor • Height of each story should not exceed 3.0m Roofs • For pitched roofs, corrugated iron or asbestos sheets should be used
- 24. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns • Seismic retrofit technique for existing reinforced concrete columns • Shear strength, lateral deformability and axial capacity
- 25. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns
- 26. MARS system (Mending Application of Reinforced Sheets) • MARS system is the method of reinforcing existing concrete structures with FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) sheets that are strong • Increase the durability and the ductility of structural members • Anti-corrosive
- 27. MARS system (Mending Application of Reinforced Sheets)
- 28. MARS system (Mending Application of Reinforced Sheets)
- 29. MARS system (Mending Application of Reinforced Sheets)
- 30. MARS system (Mending Application of Reinforced Sheets)
- 31. SR-CF System (Seismic Retrofit by Carbon Fiber sheet) • Seismic retrofitting technology for existing reinforced concrete buildings by adhering carbon fiber sheets • Improve the structural properties of independent columns, columns wing-walls beams 3), and walls
- 32. SR-CF System (Seismic Retrofit by Carbon Fiber sheet)
- 33. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns
- 34. References • Recent Development of Seismic Retrofit Methods in Japan • Earthquake safety construction: from guidelines to practice
- 35. Thanks