This document is a project report submitted by Anandita Portia towards her Master of Science in Interior Designing. It discusses arches, which were the topic of her project. The report begins with an acknowledgment thanking those who helped and supported her project. It then provides definitions of key technical terms related to arches, such as abutment, intrados, extrados, springing line, crown, keystone, span, spandril, and haunch. Finally, it outlines and provides examples of different types of arches, such as flat arches, semicircular arches, horseshoe arches, segmented arches, Gothic arches, and more.

1. Project report on
“Building Construction”
Topic= Arches
Submitted to
Dezyne E’cole College towards
The partial fulfilment of the
Masters of Science in Interior Designing
By
Anandita Portia
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, civil lines, Ajmer
Tel:- 0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2013-2014

2. Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
principal Mrs Vinita Mathur, my teacher Miss Divya Sharma as
well as our director Mr Amit Mathur who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Arches
which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to
know about so many new things .I am really thankful to them
.Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time.
I am making this project not only for marks but to also increase
my knowledge.
THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME
ANANDITA PORTIA
M.Sc. ID 2nd
Sem.

3. What is Building Construction?
A building can be defined as a structure broadly
consisting of walls, floors and roofs, erected to provide
covered space for different uses such as residence,
education, business, manufacturing, storage,
hospitalization etc.
The method adopted for construction and choice of
material to be used in the building depends upon a
number of factors like character of occupancy, location
of site, climate, local materials and funds available.

4. Technical Terms
ABUTMENT OR PIER-is the part of the wall on which
the arch rests.
INTRADOS-is the under-surface of an arch.

5. EXTRADOS-is the outer surface of an arch or the
outer curve of the arch ring.
SPRINGING LINE-is an imaginary line joining the two
springing points
CROWN-is the highest point of the extrados of an arch.
KEY STONE-is the highest central wedge-shaped block
of an arch.
SPAN-is the clear horizontal distance between the
supports.
SPANDRIL-a horizontal line from the crown of the arch
and a perpendicular line from the springing of the outer
curves.
HAUNCH-is the portion of the arch situated centrally
between the key and skew backs

6. SPRINGER-is the first voussoir at springing level on
either side of the arch.
RISE-is the vertical distance between the springing line
and the highest point on the introdos.

7. Types of Arches
FLAT ARCH
SEMI CIRCULAR
ARCH

8. HORSE SHOE ARCH
SLITED ARCH

9. SEGMENTAL ARCH
DROP ARCH

10. TREEFOIL ARCH
MOORISH ARCH

11. OGEE ARCH
MULTIFOIL ARCH

12. GOTHIC ARCH
ELLIPTICAL ARCH

13. THANK YOU