Market branding positioning
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Dr.S.Karthikumar Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology skarthikumar@gmail.com
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Strategic brand management involves four key steps:
1. Identifying and establishing brand positioning and values through tools like mental maps, competitive frames of reference, and core brand values.
2. Planning and implementing brand marketing programs using techniques like mixing brand elements, integrating activities, and leveraging associations.
3. Measuring and interpreting brand performance with audits, tracking, and equity management systems.
4. Growing and sustaining brand equity through strategies like brand-product matrices, portfolios, expansion, reinforcement, and revitalization.
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This document discusses product, service, and branding strategies. It covers topics like classifying products as consumer, convenience, specialty or unsought products. It also discusses classifying products as industrial products. Key aspects of products discussed include attributes, branding, packaging, labeling, and support services. The document also covers services, their characteristics, and service marketing strategies like internal, interactive and external marketing. Major branding strategies covered are positioning, name selection, sponsorship models like national brands, licensing, and co-branding. Brand development strategies discussed are extensions, line extensions, multi brands and new brands.
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- A strong brand position is essential for tourism destinations to differentiate themselves in a crowded market and attract consumers. Without a clear position, a destination risks being indistinguishable from competitors.
- To develop a unique brand position, a destination must understand what truly makes it different by exploring its origins, attributes, and how consumers perceive it. Only by uncovering its unique "truth" can a destination stake out an ownable space in consumers' minds.
- With a strong position rooted in truth, a destination can more effectively market itself, improve customer experiences, and increase loyalty, satisfaction, and financial returns.
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The document discusses best practices for building and maintaining strong brands. It recommends understanding customers' real desires and perceived value, appealing to customers' imagery and feelings about the brand, setting prices based on quality and consumer value, positioning the brand differently than competitors, maintaining consistency while allowing for change, coordinating sub-brands under an umbrella brand, connecting all marketing activities, understanding what the brand means to consumers, uniquely supporting the brand, and monitoring brand equity through audits and reports. The author is Ankita Derasaria from MICA EDC 09.
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The document discusses key concepts in product management including:
1) A product is anything offered by a company to satisfy customer needs, including objects, services, and ideas. Most new products are improvements on existing ones, with less than 10% being totally new concepts.
2) The product development process involves idea generation, concept development and testing, and test markets before full launch. Product success rates are low, at less than 5%.
3) A company's product assortment includes product lines, types, and brands. Rationalizing a product line involves optimizing its length, depth, and consistency.
4) Branding differentiates a product from competitors through associations with benefits. Strong brands command premium prices and
The brand report card
The document discusses 10 traits of successful brands including recognizing strengths and weaknesses, identifying areas for improvement, and competitive benchmarking. It defines a brand report card as assessing customer benefits, relevance over time, appropriate pricing based on consumer perception of value, proper positioning in consumers' minds, consistency while staying relevant, logical brand portfolios and hierarchies, effective marketing activities to build brand equity, understanding what the brand means to consumers, sustained support through examples, and maintaining balance in brand equity management. Strong brands combine attributes, image, service, and intangibles to create an attractive whole in consumers' minds.
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This presentation gives a comprehensive insight into brand positioning with examples of indian and foregin brands.
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The document discusses 10 attributes that are shared by the world's strongest brands according to Kevin Lane Keller. These attributes are: excellent delivery of desired benefits, staying relevant, pricing that reflects value, proper positioning, consistency, coordinated brand portfolio and hierarchy, coordinated marketing support, understanding brand meaning, long-term support, and monitoring the source of brand equity. Having a strong understanding of a brand's performance on these 10 attributes can help managers develop strategic responses to strengthen their brand equity.
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This document discusses product positioning strategies. It defines positioning as designing an offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in a target market's mind. Positioning involves what is done to the mind of prospects, not just the product. Consumers simplify decisions by organizing products into categories in their minds. A product's position is the complex set of perceptions consumers associate with it compared to competitors.
The document outlines several positioning strategies including attribute, benefit, application, user, competitor, product category, and quality/price positioning. It also describes four common positioning errors: under positioning, over positioning, confused positioning, and doubtful positioning. Good positioning must be factual, memorable, easy to understand, proven, simple, consistent. Building positioning
Brand positioning in Indian Market
Brand positioning involves designing a brand's offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in a target market's mind. It is about manipulating what is already in the consumer's mind rather than creating something new. Fair & Lovely initially positioned itself as a fairness cream to help young women attract husbands but later focused on empowering women's self-confidence and careers. Cello positioned itself as a high-quality, affordable pen brand for people of all ages from students to professionals. Vicks Vaporub positioned itself around a mother's love and touch therapy to become the top cold relief brand.
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The document outlines several characteristics of services, including intangibility, simultaneous production and consumption, and perishability. It also discusses three levels of products and services - core customer value, actual product, and augmented product.
Finally, the summary discusses branding, including the definition of a brand as a name, symbol, or design that identifies a specific product. It notes there are decisions around brand positioning, name selection,
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This document discusses targeting and positioning strategies. It outlines four targeting strategies: standardization, differentiation, focus, and customization. It then discusses the key elements of positioning, including target market, differential advantage, and communicating that advantage. There are three types of positioning: functional, symbolic, and experiential. Positioning can be done to highlight features, benefits, specific uses, segments, or compete with other products. The document provides examples of how Mahindra, Tata Motors, and Maruti have defined their value propositions for different target customers.
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The document discusses product, service, and branding strategies. It covers the marketing mix (4Ps), which are the key aspects that must be considered: product, price, place, and promotion. It then discusses different levels of products from the core benefit to augmented products. Products are also classified based on durability, tangibility, and whether they are consumer or industrial goods. The document outlines strategies for product line decisions such as line stretching, filling, pruning, and more. Finally, it discusses brands, trademarks, and desirable qualities for brand names like suggesting benefits or being distinctive.
Positioning and Differentiation
Positioning and Differentiation Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research (WeSchool), Mumbai
This document discusses positioning and differentiation in marketing. It defines positioning as designing a company's offerings and image to occupy a distinctive place in consumers' minds. Positioning creates a customer-focused value proposition that gives a reason for customers to buy. It also discusses determining a brand's positioning strategy by identifying the target market, points of parity and points of differentiation compared to competitors. The document also covers differentiation strategies like differentiating based on product attributes, employees, channels, image or services.Branding and Product Design Portfolio - Pineapple Consulting
Some of the Recent works Done by Pineapple Consulting, India. Dealing into Communication, Interaction, Product & Packaging, and Visual Merchandising.
please contact info@pineappleconsulting.biz for more information.
Chapter 1 (introduction to strategic brand management)
Strategic brand management involves four key steps:
1. Identifying and establishing brand positioning and values through tools like mental maps, competitive frames of reference, and core brand values.
2. Planning and implementing brand marketing programs using techniques like mixing brand elements, integrating activities, and leveraging associations.
3. Measuring and interpreting brand performance with audits, tracking, and equity management systems.
4. Growing and sustaining brand equity through strategies like brand-product matrices, portfolios, expansion, reinforcement, and revitalization.
Product, Service, and Branding Strategies
This document discusses product, service, and branding strategies. It covers topics like classifying products as consumer, convenience, specialty or unsought products. It also discusses classifying products as industrial products. Key aspects of products discussed include attributes, branding, packaging, labeling, and support services. The document also covers services, their characteristics, and service marketing strategies like internal, interactive and external marketing. Major branding strategies covered are positioning, name selection, sponsorship models like national brands, licensing, and co-branding. Brand development strategies discussed are extensions, line extensions, multi brands and new brands.
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This document discusses product differentiation and positioning strategies. It defines positioning as how consumers perceive a product relative to competitors based on important attributes. It identifies several types of competitive advantages for differentiation, including product, service, channel, people, and image. The document provides advice for choosing the right competitive advantage based on criteria like importance, superiority, and affordability. It outlines positioning strategies such as "more for more" and "more for less" and provides an example positioning statement.
Bangladesh Brand Positioning
- A strong brand position is essential for tourism destinations to differentiate themselves in a crowded market and attract consumers. Without a clear position, a destination risks being indistinguishable from competitors.
- To develop a unique brand position, a destination must understand what truly makes it different by exploring its origins, attributes, and how consumers perceive it. Only by uncovering its unique "truth" can a destination stake out an ownable space in consumers' minds.
- With a strong position rooted in truth, a destination can more effectively market itself, improve customer experiences, and increase loyalty, satisfaction, and financial returns.
Brand Positioning Strategy
Brandharvest is a Branding Agency based in Mumbai, India that provides total Branding Strategies to its clients. Our brand strategy team works closely with our clients’ to achieve positive results. We do consulting for Branding Strategies, Positioning, Re-Positioning and Architecture Services.
Product, services, and branding strategies
The document discusses strategies for product, services, and branding. It defines key terms like product, service, and brand. It also discusses decisions around developing individual products, product lines, product mixes, and building strong brands. The document also covers characteristics of services and strategies for marketing services, as well as considerations around social responsibility and international marketing.
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Chapter 1 (introduction to strategic brand management)
Chapter 1 (introduction to strategic brand management)
Similar to Market branding positioning
Bmgt 411 chapter_8
Branding involves endowing products and services with the power of a brand to differentiate them and build customer loyalty. Brand equity is the added value provided to products and services by a brand and is built through strong brand associations in customers' minds. Developing a strong brand requires identifying brand elements, delivering on the brand promise through products and marketing, and measuring brand equity over time. Key decisions involve whether to use individual brand names, a corporate umbrella, or sub-brands across a brand portfolio. Building brand extensions and leveraging secondary brand associations can also help increase brand equity.
Creating brand equity
This document discusses key concepts related to branding and brand equity. It begins by defining what a brand is - a name, symbol or design that identifies a seller's products/services and differentiates them from competitors. Branding is endowing products with the power of the brand. Brand equity refers to the added value provided to products/services based on consumer perceptions of the brand. The document then discusses how brand equity is built through branding strategies and activities and can be measured through various models. It also outlines important decisions in developing a branding strategy, such as choosing brand elements, devising marketing activities, and managing the brand over time.
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- Brand equity refers to the added value that a brand name gives to a product. It is the incremental utility or value added to a product by its branding.
- There are several models for measuring brand equity, including the Brand Asset Valuator model, BrandZ model, and Brand Resonance model. These models measure factors like brand differentiation, relevance, esteem, knowledge, and the emotional connection customers have with the brand.
- Building strong brand equity provides many advantages for companies like greater customer loyalty, less vulnerability to competition, larger profit margins, and more elastic customer response to pricing changes.
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1. The document discusses branding, brand equity, and strategies for developing strong brands. It defines a brand as a name, symbol or design that identifies a seller's products and differentiates them from competitors.
2. Brand equity refers to the added value provided to products and services by a brand and is reflected in how consumers think about, feel about, and interact with a brand. Strong brands enjoy benefits like customer loyalty and the ability to charge a price premium.
3. Building brand equity requires identifying the brand promise or vision for what the brand will mean to customers. It also involves crafting strong brand elements like names, logos and slogans and implementing integrated marketing activities to communicate the brand identity.
Brand positioning
This document discusses various strategies for positioning a brand, including:
- Quality positioning - Focusing on a specific area of quality or expertise to differentiate from competitors.
- Value/price positioning - Emphasizing either a high-end or value-priced offering while ensuring quality.
- Benefit positioning - Highlighting the unique benefits of a product or service to appeal to consumer needs.
- Demographic positioning - Targeting brands towards specific age groups or genders.
- Competitor positioning - Establishing superiority by directly comparing to other similar brands.
- Cultural symbol positioning - Leveraging cultural icons to associate the brand with certain attributes.
Brand positioning
This document discusses various strategies for positioning a brand, including:
- Quality positioning - Focusing on a specific area of quality or expertise to differentiate from competitors.
- Value/price positioning - Emphasizing either a high-end or value-priced offering while ensuring quality.
- Benefit positioning - Highlighting the unique benefits of a product or service to appeal to consumer needs.
- Demographic positioning - Targeting brands towards specific age groups or genders.
- Competitor positioning - Establishing superiority by directly comparing to other similar brands.
- Cultural symbol positioning - Leveraging cultural icons to associate a brand with certain values.
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This document discusses brand building and the key aspects involved. It notes that brand building involves nurturing a brand through activities after its launch to generate ongoing cash flow. The process includes using advertising to help define the brand in consumers' minds. Brand equity refers to the value and benefits consumers associate with a brand name. Powerful brands have distinctive products that deliver on brand promises and meet evolving customer needs through creativity and compelling advertising. Choosing an effective brand name and ambassador are important for creating rich brand associations that meet and exceed customer expectations.
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The document provides an introduction to the concept of brand management. It defines a brand according to the American Marketing Association as a name, symbol or design that identifies a seller's goods/services and differentiates them from competitors. It then discusses the meaning and evolution of brands, explaining that branding has been used for centuries to distinguish goods. The document outlines the role and advantages of brands for both consumers and manufacturers. It distinguishes between products and brands, noting that brands can have additional associations beyond core product attributes. Finally, it introduces the strategic brand management process, which involves identifying brand positioning, implementing marketing programs, measuring performance, and growing brand equity over time.
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Brand building involves nurturing a brand through marketing activities to generate profits over time. It is important to distinguish a product in the market through a clear value proposition and brand promise. Powerful brands have distinctive products and deliver on their promises through strong emotional connections and widespread national or international presence. Building brand equity requires shaping tangible elements like packaging and intangible elements like brand awareness and loyalty. Choosing an appropriate brand name, developing strong associations, and managing customer experiences are key to creating a successful brand.
Brand building
Brand building involves nurturing a brand through marketing activities to generate ongoing profits. It is important to distinguish a product in the market through a clear value proposition and brand promise. Powerful brands have distinctive products and deliver on their promises through strong emotional connections and widespread presence. Building brand equity requires superior customer insights and creativity to meet evolving needs through compelling advertising. Tangible elements like packaging and intangible elements like awareness contribute to a brand's perceived value and competitive advantage.
Brand Building
Brand building involves nurturing a brand through marketing activities to generate ongoing profits. It is important to distinguish a product in the market through a clear value proposition and brand promise. Powerful brands have distinctive products and deliver on their promises through strong emotional connections and widespread presence. Building brand equity requires superior understanding of customer needs and the ability to meet those needs through innovative products, services, and compelling advertising while maintaining brand consistency across all touchpoints. Tangible and intangible brand attributes must be carefully managed to create distinctive brand associations that are meaningful to customers.
Brand Management.pptx
The document discusses key concepts in branding and brand management. It defines a brand as a name, symbol or design that distinguishes a product or service from competitors. Branding is the process of creating an image in someone's mind associated with the brand. Brand equity refers to the value a brand adds beyond its functional benefits. Developing a brand identity, strategy, experience and marketing campaign helps build brand equity. Proper brand management includes establishing and maintaining the brand, integrating it into product development, and growing and sustaining brand equity over time.
Brand management
This document provides an introduction to brand management, including definitions of brands and branding. It discusses the significance of branding for both buyers and sellers, such as helping buyers reduce risk and helping sellers differentiate products from competitors. The objectives of branding are outlined as differentiating products, assisting promotion, and increasing brand loyalty. Essentials of an effective brand include relevance, consistency, proper positioning, sustainability, credibility, uniqueness, and appeal. The document also briefly mentions challenges in branding and factors for building brand value.
Brand decision intro
This document discusses branding concepts for products and services. It defines key branding terms like brand name, brand mark, and trademark. It explains that brands are valuable company assets that simplify decisions for customers and signal quality. Strong brands own a place in customers' minds and communicate a company's values. Branding can provide legal protection, customer loyalty, pricing power and a competitive advantage. The scope of branding is wide, applying to industries like hospitality, tourism and even individual chefs or destinations that develop recognizable brands.
Branding
Branding is important for differentiating a company's products and services from competitors. A brand is a name, symbol or design that identifies a seller's goods and services. It creates value by building loyalty and trust with consumers.
Brand equity refers to the additional value a brand name provides compared to an unbranded product. It is made up of performance and emotional benefits in the minds of consumers. Strong brands have high awareness, preference and financial metrics like market share and revenue.
Effective brand management involves identifying brand positioning, implementing marketing strategies, measuring performance, and growing and sustaining brand value over time. Positioning communicates the core benefits and needs a brand satisfies. Marketing activities integrate different touchpoints to reach consumers
Brand management (2)
A brand is a name, symbol, or design that identifies and differentiates a product from other similar products. It can convey various levels of meaning including attributes, benefits, values, culture, personality, and the type of user. Brand management involves analyzing how the brand is positioned in the market and maintaining its reputation. Developing strong brand equity adds value for customers who feel trust and value towards that brand. Elements of a branding strategy include choosing memorable and meaningful brand elements, developing new brands or extending existing brands to new products or categories, and decisions on using individual, family, or corporate names. Strong brands provide marketing advantages like greater loyalty and margins as well as resilience to competitive and marketing challenges.
Similar to Market branding positioning (20)
Branding and Brand Positioning / Marketing Management By Kotler Keller
Branding and Brand Positioning / Marketing Management By Kotler Keller
More from Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Phage Gene Regulation.pptx
Phage Gene Regulation.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Lambda phage is a temperate bacteriophage that has two life cycle choices: lytic and lysogenic. During lysogeny, the lambda repressor binds to the operator region (OR) on the phage DNA and represses transcription of lytic genes, allowing the phage genome to remain dormant as a prophage integrated into the bacterial chromosome.Trp Operon.pptx
The trp operon controls the biosynthesis of tryptophan in E. coli. It contains 5 genes that encode enzymes for tryptophan production. The operon uses attenuation to regulate expression based on tryptophan levels. When tryptophan is low, transcription proceeds through the leader sequence. When tryptophan is high, translation is rapid and a stem loop structure forms, terminating transcription. The trp operon is a repressible system, where the effector molecule allows the repressor to bind the operator and shut down expression.
Lac operon.pptx
The document summarizes the lac operon in E. coli, which controls the breakdown of lactose. The lac operon contains 3 genes - lacZ, lacY, and lacA - that code for enzymes involved in lactose catabolism. In the absence of lactose, a repressor protein binds to the operator region and prevents transcription. In the presence of lactose, it binds to the repressor and induces transcription of the structural genes. The lac operon demonstrates both negative control by the repressor and positive control through induction by lactose binding. Glucose also regulates the operon through catabolite repression involving cAMP levels.
post translational modification.pptx
post translational modification.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur to proteins after translation. PTMs regulate protein activity, localization, and interactions. The main types of PTMs are phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. Phosphorylation involves the addition of phosphate groups and is important for cell signaling. Glycosylation adds carbohydrate groups and affects protein structure. Ubiquitination tags proteins for destruction, and methylation adds methyl groups, regulating processes like gene expression. PTMs are identified through techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatographic analysis.Inhibitors of protein synthesis.pptx
Inhibitors of protein synthesis.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Aminoglycosides like streptomycin bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfere with initiation complex formation, inducing misreading of mRNA and breaking polysomes into monosomes. Chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site. Tetracyclines also bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit but prevent the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA ribosome complex. Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and suppressing translocation of mRNA.Protein Synthesis.pptx
Protein synthesis involves three main steps - initiation, elongation, and termination. In initiation, the small and large ribosomal subunits assemble along with mRNA and tRNA to form the initiation complex. In elongation, amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain. Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached, causing the release of the completed protein. While the overall process is similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are some key differences like the number of initiation factors and whether mRNA is polycistronic or monocistronic.
Ribosomes.pptx
Ribosomes are organelles found in all cells that synthesize proteins. They consist of RNA and proteins and exist as two subunits - a smaller 30S subunit in prokaryotes and 40S in eukaryotes, and a larger 50S subunit in prokaryotes and 60S in eukaryotes. Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins through initiation, elongation, and termination steps. Errors in ribosome functioning can lead to improper protein folding and diseases.
Translation Basics.ppt
This document discusses genetic code, tRNA, and translation. It provides definitions of key terms like codon, anticodon, wobble hypothesis. It describes the structure and function of tRNA, including how it is charged with specific amino acids by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. The document also discusses characteristics of the genetic code, including that it is degenerate, uses triplet codons, and has start and stop signals. It provides information on ribosomes, including their composition in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In summary, the document provides an overview of the mechanisms and key components involved in translating genetic code into proteins.
Mutation and DNA repair.pdf
Mutation and DNA repair.pdfDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Mutation is a change in genetic material that can be caused by errors during DNA replication or DNA repair. There are several types of mutations including point mutations, insertions, deletions, and chromosomal mutations. Point mutations include transitions, transversions, missense mutations, and nonsense mutations. Insertions and deletions can disrupt the genetic code. Spontaneous mutations arise naturally while induced mutations are caused by mutagens like radiation, chemicals, or viruses. Mutations can be germline or somatic and can have different effects on protein function and the phenotype. The document provides examples of specific mutations and their effects.TELOMERE AND TELOMERASE.pdf
TELOMERE AND TELOMERASE.pdfDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from degradation. Telomeres naturally shorten each time a cell divides until they reach a critical shortness that causes cell senescence. Telomerase is an enzyme that adds telomere repeats to chromosome ends and counteracts shortening. It is active in 90% of cancer cells, allowing unlimited cell division by maintaining telomere length, but is not generally active in most adult somatic cells.DNA Replication.pdf
This document discusses DNA replication and the central dogma. It covers the basic requirements for DNA replication including substrates, templates, enzymes, and primers. The stages of replication - initiation, elongation, and termination - are described. Key aspects of the replication process are explained, such as semi-conservative mechanism, unwinding of DNA, formation of replication forks, and bidirectional replication. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication are highlighted. Finally, various inhibitors of DNA replication are listed.
Structure and function of RNA.pptx
Structure and function of RNA.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
RNA differs from DNA in several key ways. RNA is typically single-stranded, contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose, and contains uracil instead of thymine. There are multiple types of RNA that serve different cellular functions, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries coding information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein assembly according to the mRNA codon sequence. rRNA is a core component of ribosomes and facilitates protein translation.Regulatory elements of transcription.pptx
Regulatory elements of transcription.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Transcriptional regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators help control gene expression. Promoters initiate transcription and contain core and proximal elements. Enhancers can activate transcription from farther distances by binding activator proteins. Silencers negatively regulate genes by binding repressor proteins. Insulators block interactions between genes to prevent neighboring transcriptional effects. These cis-acting elements help precisely regulate protein levels through transcriptional mechanisms.ribozyme.pptx
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as enzymes and catalyze biochemical reactions. They were first discovered in 1982 by Thomas Czech and Sidney Altman, who later won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery. Ribozymes increase the rate and specificity of reactions like phosphodiester bond cleavage and peptide bond synthesis. Common types of ribozymes include self-splicing introns, RNase P, hammerhead ribozymes, and hairpin ribozymes. Artificial ribozymes can also be synthesized in the laboratory by mutating natural ribozymes.
Inhibitors of transcription.pptx
Inhibitors of transcription.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Rifampicin binds to the beta subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase, inhibiting prokaryotic transcription initiation. It selectively binds bacterial RNA polymerase without affecting eukaryotic polymerases. This allows rifampicin to be an effective treatment for bacterial infections like tuberculosis and leprosy. Alpha amanitin from death cap mushrooms potently inhibits RNA polymerase II during both transcription initiation and elongation, potentially causing death in 10 days from just one mushroom due to failure of gene expression.RNA processing and Splicing.pptx
RNA processing and Splicing.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Eukaryotic pre-mRNA undergoes processing in the nucleus before being exported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. This involves adding a 5' cap and poly-A tail to increase stability and facilitate export. Introns are also spliced out by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear RNAs and proteins that cuts out introns and joins exons to form mature mRNA. Capping occurs at the 5' end shortly after transcription, while polyadenylation adds around 200 adenine nucleotides to the 3' end. Splicing removes intervening intron sequences by cutting and religating exons. These processing steps produce translation-competent mRNA from initial pre-mRNA transcripts.Transcription in Eukaryotes.pptx
Transcription in Eukaryotes.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
Transcription is the first step in gene expression for eukaryotic organisms where DNA is copied into RNA. This process involves RNA polymerase binding to promoter regions on DNA and synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. Transcription results in RNA transcripts that can then undergo further processing and modification before being translated into proteins.Transcription in Prokaryotes.pptx
Transcription in Prokaryotes.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
The document summarizes transcription in prokaryotes. It discusses the key components including the template strand, coding strand, and RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase is made up of multiple subunits and recognizes promoter sequences to initiate transcription. The process of transcription involves three phases - initiation when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, elongation as the RNA strand continuously grows, and termination when RNA polymerase stops synthesis.denaturation and renaturation of dna.pptx
denaturation and renaturation of dna.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
DNA is a double-helix molecule that carries genetic instructions. It is composed of two strands called polynucleotides made up of nucleotides, each containing a nucleobase (A, T, C, or G), sugar, and phosphate. The strands are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and base stacking. DNA can be denatured by heat, pH extremes, or chemicals, breaking the hydrogen bonds and separating the strands. Denaturation temperature depends on factors like composition, length, and environment. Renaturation occurs when strands reconnect under appropriate conditions.Forces That Stabilize the DNA structure.pptx
Forces That Stabilize the DNA structure.pptxDepartment of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology
DNA's double helical structure is stabilized by several weak forces that collectively provide strong stabilization. Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs provides some stability, while base stacking interactions between the hydrophobic bases, including hydrophobic and van der Waals forces, provide additional stability by burying the bases in the interior. Ionic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate backbone and positive ions like magnesium also contribute to stability. Though each individual interaction is weak, the collective effects of all of these forces interacting along the entire DNA molecule strongly stabilize its double helical structure.More from Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj college of engineering and technology (20)
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一比一原版(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(ucsf毕业证书)加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Ecofrico: Leading the Way in Sustainable Hemp Backpacks
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一比一原版(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(ud毕业证书)丹佛大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
PROMOTING GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECO INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH.docx
: This study investigates the multi-faceted relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability across countries at different development levels. We construct a novel dataset combining measures of entrepreneurial activity, innovation outputs, and sustainability performance indicators related to economic, social, and environmental dimensions.Using country-level panel regression analysis, we find that entrepreneurship rates and attitudes are positively associated with social sustainability factors like education, gender equality, and institutional quality. However, high entrepreneurship levels do not necessarily correlate with better environmental sustainability outcomes, suggesting entrepreneurs may prioritize economic objectives over environmental ones.The results for innovation are more mixed. Greater innovation output is linked to higher economic development, but also associated with both positive and negative sustainability factors. This implies that while innovations drive economic progress, they may come with environmental costs without complementary policies. The findings suggest that entrepreneurship supports social sustainability, but pursuing entrepreneurship and innovation alone is insufficient for achieving environmental sustainability goals. We discuss policy implications, including strengthening education and skills, improving access to financing for sustainable ventures, incentivizing green innovation, and developing sustainability reporting standards. By aligning entrepreneurship and innovation with sustainability priorities, policymakers can harness these dynamic forces to create more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient economies.
一比一原版（BCU毕业证）伯明翰城市大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：176555708】【伯明翰城市大学毕业证（BCU学位证）成绩单】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理伯明翰城市大学毕业证（BCU学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理伯明翰城市大学毕业证（BCU学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理伯明翰城市大学毕业证（BCU学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理伯明翰城市大学毕业证（BCU学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(flinders毕业证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Market branding positioning
- 1. Branding & Brand Positioning Karthikumar Sankar
- 3. Brand is not just a logo nor identity
- 4. Plan van aanpak DOES YOUR BRAND STAND OUT SUSTAINABLY? Brand Strategy Development
- 5. Outline What is a Brand? Brand Elements Brand Role and Advantages Brand Equity Brand Portfolios Strategic Brand Management Brand Positioning PODs & POPs Product Lifecycle Market Evolution
- 6. What is a Brand? A name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. What is Branding? Providing goods and services with the power of the brand.
- 9. Brand Element Choice Criteria – How to choose good elements? • Memorable • Meaningful • Likeable • Transferable • Adaptable • Protectable
- 10. Brand Naming • Individual names; Blanket family names • Separate family names; Corporate name/individual name combo The Procter & Gamble Company is an American multinational consumer goods corporation headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, founded in 1837 by English American William Procter and Irish American James Gamble
- 12. What is Brand Equity? The commercial value that derives from consumer perception of the brand name of a particular product or service, rather than from the product or service itself.
- 13. The 10 Most Valuable Brands 214480 million USD = 1,53,99,04,20,08,000.00 INR
- 14. Measuring Brand Equity • Brand Audits • Comprehensive examination of a brand to assess the health of the brand • Suggest ways to improve its equity. • Brand Tracking • Collecting information about the brand performance • Brand valuation • Determining financial value of the brand Virat Kohli, captain of Indian Cricket Team, is the Indian celebrity with highest brand valuation at $170.9 million,
- 15. What is Brand Positioning? The act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. Value Proposition A good hot pizza, delivered to your door within 30 minutes of ordering, at a moderate price
- 16. Points-of-difference (PODs) •Attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe they could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand
- 17. Product Differentiation • Product form • Features • Performance • Conformance • Durability • Reliability • Reparability • Style • Design • Ordering ease • Delivery • Installation • Customer training • Customer consulting • Maintenance Personnel Differentiation • Better-trained staff • Competent (skill and knowledge) • Trustworthy • Friendly and respectful • Reliable (perform consistently & accurately) • Responsive • Good communicators (understand customer and communicate clearly)
- 27. THANK YOU