The document discusses Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's largest communication service provider, highlighting its history and market share. It covers various telecommunications technologies including GSM, GPRS, CDMA, leased lines, and Fiber to the Home (FTTH), detailing their functions and significance in mobile communication. The content also outlines network architecture and operational roles of components within these systems.

1. Presented by: Submitted to:
DESHBANDHU KUMAR DR. DEEPAK
ARYA
C.S.E 4th yr. HOD (C.S.E)
130240101020

2. -:CONTENTS :-
• Introduction
• GSM
• GPRS
• CDMA
• Leased Line
• FTTH
• Query

3. INTRODUCTION
• BSNL stands for BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED.
• It is India’s largest and oldest communication service provider.
• It had a customer base of 95 million as of June2016.
• It is an Indian state owned-owned telecommunication company

4. MARKET SHARE OF B.S.N.L

5. • GSM stands for global system for mobile communication
• It was developed as replacement of 1G
• GSM is the standardization group establish in1982
• It was developed by group special mobile (founded 1982) which was an initiative of CEPT (conference of
European Post and Telecommunication ).
• Under ETSI( European Telecommunication Standards Institute), GSM is named as “Global System for
Mobile Communication “ in 1989.
• Today many provider all over the world use GSM (more than 135 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia,
America.
• More than 1300 million subscribers in world and 45 million subscriber in India.

6. ARCHITECTURE OF GSM

7. ME
BTS
BSC
MSC
HLR
VLR
EIR
AuC
MOBILE EQUIPMENT

8. GSM IN INDIA

10. GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE(GPRS)
PCU
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
PDN
BTS+BSC BASE STATION SYSTEM

11. SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE(SGSN)
A SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE (SGSN) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELIVERY OF DATA
PACKETS
ITS TASKS INCLUDE PACKET ROUTING AND TRANSFER, MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
COMMON SGSN FUNCTIONS:-
 DE TUNNEL GTP PACKETS FROM THE GGSN (DOWNLINK)
 TUNNEL IP PACKETS TOWARD THE GGSN (UPLINK)
 CARRY OUT MOBILITY MANAGEMENT AS STANDBY MODE MOBILE MOVES FROM ONE ROUTING AREA TO ANOTHER
ROUTING AREA

12. GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT NODE(GPRS)
 The GGSN is responsible for the internetworking between the GPRS network
and external packet switched networks.
 The GGSN converts the GPRS packets coming from the SGSN into the
appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format.
 GGSN stores the current SGSN address of the user and his or her profile in its
location register.
 GGSN is responsible for IP address assignment and is the default router for
the connected user equipment (UE).
 The GGSN also performs authentication and charging functions.

13. CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS(CDMA)
CDMA IS A CHANNEL ACCESS METHOD USED BY VARIOUS RADIO
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES.
 ALL INFORMATION OF THE USERS ARE ON THE SAME FREQUENCY.
EACH INFORMATION IS SEPARATED BY A DIGITAL CODE.
IT IS A KIND OF TECHNOLOGY WHICH IS USED NOW A DAYS.
CDMA IS USED AS THE ACCESS METHOD IN MANY MOBILE PHONE STANDARDS.
THE UMTS 3G MOBILE PHONE STANDARD, WHICH USES W-CDMA.

14. LEASED LINE NETWORK
 Lease means on HIRE basis and line stands for communication line.
 In India, leased lines are available at speeds of 64 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s, 256 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s,
2 Mbit/s, 4 Mbit/s, 8 Mbit/s, 16 Mbit/s T1(1.544 Mbit/s) or E1(2.048 Mbit/s). Customers are
connected either through OFC, telephone lines ADSL, or through Wi-Fi. Customers would have to
manage their own network termination equipment, namely the Channel service unit and Data
service unit.
PHYSICAL MEDIA
WIRE LINE :- CO-AXIAL,
TWISTED COPPER, OFC
WIRELESS :- AIR,
RADIO FREQUENCY
WAVE etc.

15. LEASED LINE NETWORK

16. FIBERTOTHE HOME(FTTH)
■ It is a local network.
■ The range of frequency is called Bandwidth.
■ 2007 year of Broadband
Active Devices:-
 Optical LineTerminal(OLT). [ Exchange Side]
 Optical NetworkTerminal (ONT). [ Consumer Side]

17. DIGITAL INDIA
DISTRICT
BLOCK
GRAM PANCHAYAT
2 Mbps
2Mbps