This document summarizes British Standard BS 5268-4.1:1978, which provides recommendations for calculating the fire resistance of timber members and structures. It outlines methods for determining the residual cross-section of timber beams, columns, and other structural elements after a given duration of fire exposure. The standard assumes charring will occur at a predictable rate, and provides default charring rates in millimeters per 30 and 60 minutes for various timber species. It also addresses factors like increased charring at corners and when members are fully exposed to fire. Design recommendations include minimum strength factors to apply to the residual cross-section and limiting deflections for beams.
How to calculate quantity of steel in slabSANJEEV Wazir
The document provides calculations to determine the quantity of steel reinforcement in a slab. It specifies using 12mm diameter main bars placed at 0.15m centers running in the shorter span direction and 10mm diameter distribution bars at 0.15m centers in the longer span direction. It then shows calculations to determine the number of each bar type based on the slab dimensions, and calculates the total length, weight, and overall quantity of steel for the slab, which is approximately 930kg/m2.
The document discusses methods for determining the deflection curve of beams subjected to different loading conditions. It presents the differential equations that describe the deflection curve and shows examples of using integration to solve for the deflection at specific points given the boundary conditions of different beam setups. Key outputs include the equations of deflection and slope, as well as the maximum deflection and slope values.
The document contains solutions to multiple problems involving determining shear stress, torque, and angle of twist in shaft and rod systems. Key details include formulas for calculating shear stress given torque and geometry, determining required diameters to not exceed allowable stress, and calculating angle of twist between sections using torque, length, shear modulus, and polar second moment of area. Examples analyze hollow and solid shafts made of materials like steel, brass, and aluminum under different torque conditions.
This document discusses bending moments and shear forces in beams. It defines different types of beams such as simply supported beams, cantilever beams, and beams with overhangs. It also defines types of loads like concentrated loads, distributed loads, and couples. It explains how to calculate the shear force and bending moment at any cross-section of a beam and discusses relationships between loads, shear forces and bending moments. It provides examples of drawing shear force and bending moment diagrams. Finally, it discusses bending stresses in beams and bending of beams made of two materials.
This presentation discusses the design of T beams using the Working Stress Design (WSD) method. It explains that T beams have slabs cast monolithically with beams to act as part of the beam and resist longitudinal compression. The presentation covers designing T beams as singly or doubly reinforced and calculating their moment capacity and steel area based on allowing stresses in concrete and steel to remain in the elastic range.
The document discusses mechanics of solid deflection in beams. It provides relationships between bending moment and curvature, as well as sign conventions for shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection. It then analyzes simply supported beams with central point loads and uniform distributed loads. Equations are derived for slope, deflection and bending moment at any section. Cantilevers with point loads and uniform distributed loads are also analyzed. Macaulay's method, a versatile technique for determining slope and deflection in beams under various loading conditions, is introduced. Examples applying the concepts to specific beam problems are included.
DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMN WITH AXIAL LOAD & BIAXIAL MOMENTSHUBHAM SINGH
This document presents the steps for designing a short concrete column with axial load and biaxial bending moments. The steps include:
1) Determining the effective length based on unsupported length and slenderness ratio
2) Checking if the column qualifies as short based on a slenderness ratio less than 12
3) Calculating the minimum eccentricity
4) Designing for 5% of the side dimension with minimum eccentricity
5) Calculating the design loads and equivalent moment
6) Determining reinforcement ratio and capacity based on design charts
7) Checking capacity against design loads using interaction diagrams.
The document discusses how to calculate dead load and live load on structural elements like beams and slabs. It provides examples of calculating the dead load of RCC and steel beams based on their size, volume, and material density. Examples are also given for calculating the dead load and live load of RCC slabs based on their dimensions, volume, and material properties. Live load depends on the building usage, with examples given for residential and school buildings. Spanning systems for RCC slabs like one-way and two-way slabs are also briefly described.
How to calculate quantity of steel in slabSANJEEV Wazir
The document provides calculations to determine the quantity of steel reinforcement in a slab. It specifies using 12mm diameter main bars placed at 0.15m centers running in the shorter span direction and 10mm diameter distribution bars at 0.15m centers in the longer span direction. It then shows calculations to determine the number of each bar type based on the slab dimensions, and calculates the total length, weight, and overall quantity of steel for the slab, which is approximately 930kg/m2.
The document discusses methods for determining the deflection curve of beams subjected to different loading conditions. It presents the differential equations that describe the deflection curve and shows examples of using integration to solve for the deflection at specific points given the boundary conditions of different beam setups. Key outputs include the equations of deflection and slope, as well as the maximum deflection and slope values.
The document contains solutions to multiple problems involving determining shear stress, torque, and angle of twist in shaft and rod systems. Key details include formulas for calculating shear stress given torque and geometry, determining required diameters to not exceed allowable stress, and calculating angle of twist between sections using torque, length, shear modulus, and polar second moment of area. Examples analyze hollow and solid shafts made of materials like steel, brass, and aluminum under different torque conditions.
This document discusses bending moments and shear forces in beams. It defines different types of beams such as simply supported beams, cantilever beams, and beams with overhangs. It also defines types of loads like concentrated loads, distributed loads, and couples. It explains how to calculate the shear force and bending moment at any cross-section of a beam and discusses relationships between loads, shear forces and bending moments. It provides examples of drawing shear force and bending moment diagrams. Finally, it discusses bending stresses in beams and bending of beams made of two materials.
This presentation discusses the design of T beams using the Working Stress Design (WSD) method. It explains that T beams have slabs cast monolithically with beams to act as part of the beam and resist longitudinal compression. The presentation covers designing T beams as singly or doubly reinforced and calculating their moment capacity and steel area based on allowing stresses in concrete and steel to remain in the elastic range.
The document discusses mechanics of solid deflection in beams. It provides relationships between bending moment and curvature, as well as sign conventions for shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection. It then analyzes simply supported beams with central point loads and uniform distributed loads. Equations are derived for slope, deflection and bending moment at any section. Cantilevers with point loads and uniform distributed loads are also analyzed. Macaulay's method, a versatile technique for determining slope and deflection in beams under various loading conditions, is introduced. Examples applying the concepts to specific beam problems are included.
DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMN WITH AXIAL LOAD & BIAXIAL MOMENTSHUBHAM SINGH
This document presents the steps for designing a short concrete column with axial load and biaxial bending moments. The steps include:
1) Determining the effective length based on unsupported length and slenderness ratio
2) Checking if the column qualifies as short based on a slenderness ratio less than 12
3) Calculating the minimum eccentricity
4) Designing for 5% of the side dimension with minimum eccentricity
5) Calculating the design loads and equivalent moment
6) Determining reinforcement ratio and capacity based on design charts
7) Checking capacity against design loads using interaction diagrams.
The document discusses how to calculate dead load and live load on structural elements like beams and slabs. It provides examples of calculating the dead load of RCC and steel beams based on their size, volume, and material density. Examples are also given for calculating the dead load and live load of RCC slabs based on their dimensions, volume, and material properties. Live load depends on the building usage, with examples given for residential and school buildings. Spanning systems for RCC slabs like one-way and two-way slabs are also briefly described.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
Name: Sadia Mahajabin
ID : 10.01.03.098
4th year 2nd Semester
Section : B
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
1. The document provides formulas for calculating slope, deflection, and maximum deflection for various beam types under different loading conditions. It gives the equations for cantilever beams with concentrated loads, uniformly distributed loads, and varying loads. It also provides the equations for simply supported beams with these different load types and with couple moments applied. The equations relate the beam properties like length, load location, and intensity to the resulting slope and deflection values.
chapter 4 flexural design of beam 2021.pdfAshrafZaman33
This chapter discusses the flexural analysis and design of beams. It covers fundamental assumptions for bending and shear stresses in beams. It also discusses bending behavior of homogeneous and reinforced concrete beams. The chapter includes analysis of cracked and uncracked beam sections, and design for flexure including underreinforced, overreinforced and balanced conditions. It also covers design of doubly reinforced beams, T-beams and practical considerations like concrete cover and bar spacing.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
1. The document discusses torsion of circular shafts, including pure torsion, assumptions in the theory of pure torsion, torsion formula, polar modulus, torsional rigidity, power transmitted by shafts, and numerical problems and solutions.
2. Key concepts covered include shear stress distribution in shafts under torsion, relationship between applied torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and angle of twist.
3. Formulas are derived for calculating torque, shear stress, polar modulus, and torsional rigidity of solid and hollow circular shafts.
The document discusses the analysis and design of reinforced concrete T-beams and L-beams according to the ACI code. It provides equations to determine the effective flange width of T-beams and L-beams. It then describes the analysis procedure which involves checking code requirements, calculating the depth of the concrete compression block, and determining if the neutral axis falls within the flange or web. The analysis considers the moments contributed by the flange and web portions. Design examples are also provided to demonstrate the process.
This document discusses the working stress design method for analyzing and designing reinforced concrete beams. It provides equations for determining internal forces, tensile steel ratio, neutral axis depth, and flexural stresses. It also covers topics such as balanced steel ratio, under/over reinforced sections, minimum concrete cover/bar spacing, and designing rectangular and cantilever beams. Doubly reinforced beams are discussed for cases where the cross section dimensions are restricted and the external moment exceeds the section's moment capacity.
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis 6th SI by Aslam Kassimaliphysicsbook
https://www.unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-structural-analysis-kassimali/
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis - 6th Edition SI Edition
Author(s): Aslam Kassimali
Solution Manual for 6th SI Edition (above Image) is provided officially. It include all chapters of textbook (chapters 2 to 17) plus appendixes B, C, D.
Preliminary design of beam
before going to give properties to the structure in the staad pro preliminary design have to be done to find out the dimensions of beam
Making and curing concrete test specimens in theFarrukh Khan
This document provides guidance on making and curing concrete test specimens in the field according to ASTM C 31/C 31M. It describes why test specimens are made, including for acceptance testing of specified strength, checking mixture proportions, and quality control. The key steps covered are: making specimens using molds, consolidating the concrete through rodding and vibration, finishing, initial curing within 48 hours at 16-27°C, final curing by maintaining moisture on the surface at 23°C, and transporting specimens only after 8 hours without jarring or temperature extremes to prevent damage.
Peer review presentation for the strut and tie method as an analysis and design approach for the mat on piles foundations of the primary separation cell (vessel).
This document discusses flexural stresses and bending formulas. It defines bending stresses as stresses that occur in a beam under a constant bending moment with zero shear force. It describes the neutral axis and how fibers above and below experience compression and tension. Formulas are derived relating bending stress to radius of curvature and section modulus. Section modulus is defined as the ratio of moment of inertia to the distance of the outermost fiber. Examples are given of calculating section modulus for common shapes and solving bending stress problems for beams.
General, Basic Methods of Design, Comparison Between Design Methods, Limit State Design, Types of Limit State Design, Ultimate Limit State (ULS), Serviceability Limit State (SLS), Characteristic Materials Strength, Characteristic Actions, Partial Factors of Safety for Materials and Actions, Combinations of Actions, Design Values of Actions at the ULS and SLS.
This document provides 10 examples of problems related to bearing capacity of foundations. The examples calculate bearing capacity using Terzaghi's analysis for different soil and foundation conditions, including cohesionless and cohesive soils, square and strip footings, and considering the water table depth. One example compares results to field plate load tests. The solutions show calculations for determining soil shear strength parameters, factor of safety, and safe bearing capacity.
1. The document introduces reinforced concrete structures and provides an overview of their design process. It discusses common building elements like beams, slabs, columns, and foundations.
2. The design process involves analyzing loads, selecting an efficient structural form, evaluating safety, and planning construction. Designs must consider strength, serviceability, and safety factors.
3. Reinforced concrete is designed using limit state theory according to code BS 8110. Designs consider ultimate and serviceability limit states, and evaluate different load combinations and factors of safety.
This document discusses beam design criteria and deflection behavior of beams. It covers two key criteria for beam design:
1) Strength criterion - the beam cross section must be strong enough to resist bending moments and shear forces.
2) Stiffness criterion - the maximum deflection of the beam cannot exceed a limit and the beam must be stiff enough to resist deflections from loading.
It then defines deflection, slope, elastic curve, and flexural rigidity. It presents the differential equation that relates bending moment, slope, and deflection. Methods for calculating slope and deflection including double integration, Macaulay's method, and others are also summarized.
Numericals on Columns and struts_-_solvedViriSharma
This document contains 7 problems related to calculating the load capacity of steel columns using Euler's theory and Rankine's formula. Problem 1 compares the strength ratio of a solid vs hollow steel column. Problem 2 calculates the safe load for a solid round bar column with different end conditions. Problem 3 finds the strength ratio of a solid vs hollow steel column with the same cross-sectional area. Problem 4 calculates the Euler crushing load and compares it to Rankine's formula. Problems 5-7 involve calculating column load capacities for various steel sections using Euler, Rankine, and IS code methods.
This document provides instructions for applying textured paint to a surface. It should be applied in sections of 4x4 feet and allowed to dry fully for 20-23 hours before scraping off any excess. Proper cleaning and storage of tools and leftover paint is also described. The total estimated cost of materials is around $72.50.
WATERGUARD PU MEMBRANE is a polyurethane-based, elastomeric waterproofing membrane that forms a tough, seamless, and chemically resistant layer when applied to concrete and steel structures. It adheres tenaciously to substrates and has high elongation to stretch with substrate movement. Its crack-bridging and puncture-resistant properties make it effective for waterproofing foundations, basements, floors, and other building elements.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
Name: Sadia Mahajabin
ID : 10.01.03.098
4th year 2nd Semester
Section : B
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
1. The document provides formulas for calculating slope, deflection, and maximum deflection for various beam types under different loading conditions. It gives the equations for cantilever beams with concentrated loads, uniformly distributed loads, and varying loads. It also provides the equations for simply supported beams with these different load types and with couple moments applied. The equations relate the beam properties like length, load location, and intensity to the resulting slope and deflection values.
chapter 4 flexural design of beam 2021.pdfAshrafZaman33
This chapter discusses the flexural analysis and design of beams. It covers fundamental assumptions for bending and shear stresses in beams. It also discusses bending behavior of homogeneous and reinforced concrete beams. The chapter includes analysis of cracked and uncracked beam sections, and design for flexure including underreinforced, overreinforced and balanced conditions. It also covers design of doubly reinforced beams, T-beams and practical considerations like concrete cover and bar spacing.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
1. The document discusses torsion of circular shafts, including pure torsion, assumptions in the theory of pure torsion, torsion formula, polar modulus, torsional rigidity, power transmitted by shafts, and numerical problems and solutions.
2. Key concepts covered include shear stress distribution in shafts under torsion, relationship between applied torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and angle of twist.
3. Formulas are derived for calculating torque, shear stress, polar modulus, and torsional rigidity of solid and hollow circular shafts.
The document discusses the analysis and design of reinforced concrete T-beams and L-beams according to the ACI code. It provides equations to determine the effective flange width of T-beams and L-beams. It then describes the analysis procedure which involves checking code requirements, calculating the depth of the concrete compression block, and determining if the neutral axis falls within the flange or web. The analysis considers the moments contributed by the flange and web portions. Design examples are also provided to demonstrate the process.
This document discusses the working stress design method for analyzing and designing reinforced concrete beams. It provides equations for determining internal forces, tensile steel ratio, neutral axis depth, and flexural stresses. It also covers topics such as balanced steel ratio, under/over reinforced sections, minimum concrete cover/bar spacing, and designing rectangular and cantilever beams. Doubly reinforced beams are discussed for cases where the cross section dimensions are restricted and the external moment exceeds the section's moment capacity.
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis 6th SI by Aslam Kassimaliphysicsbook
https://www.unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-structural-analysis-kassimali/
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis - 6th Edition SI Edition
Author(s): Aslam Kassimali
Solution Manual for 6th SI Edition (above Image) is provided officially. It include all chapters of textbook (chapters 2 to 17) plus appendixes B, C, D.
Preliminary design of beam
before going to give properties to the structure in the staad pro preliminary design have to be done to find out the dimensions of beam
Making and curing concrete test specimens in theFarrukh Khan
This document provides guidance on making and curing concrete test specimens in the field according to ASTM C 31/C 31M. It describes why test specimens are made, including for acceptance testing of specified strength, checking mixture proportions, and quality control. The key steps covered are: making specimens using molds, consolidating the concrete through rodding and vibration, finishing, initial curing within 48 hours at 16-27°C, final curing by maintaining moisture on the surface at 23°C, and transporting specimens only after 8 hours without jarring or temperature extremes to prevent damage.
Peer review presentation for the strut and tie method as an analysis and design approach for the mat on piles foundations of the primary separation cell (vessel).
This document discusses flexural stresses and bending formulas. It defines bending stresses as stresses that occur in a beam under a constant bending moment with zero shear force. It describes the neutral axis and how fibers above and below experience compression and tension. Formulas are derived relating bending stress to radius of curvature and section modulus. Section modulus is defined as the ratio of moment of inertia to the distance of the outermost fiber. Examples are given of calculating section modulus for common shapes and solving bending stress problems for beams.
General, Basic Methods of Design, Comparison Between Design Methods, Limit State Design, Types of Limit State Design, Ultimate Limit State (ULS), Serviceability Limit State (SLS), Characteristic Materials Strength, Characteristic Actions, Partial Factors of Safety for Materials and Actions, Combinations of Actions, Design Values of Actions at the ULS and SLS.
This document provides 10 examples of problems related to bearing capacity of foundations. The examples calculate bearing capacity using Terzaghi's analysis for different soil and foundation conditions, including cohesionless and cohesive soils, square and strip footings, and considering the water table depth. One example compares results to field plate load tests. The solutions show calculations for determining soil shear strength parameters, factor of safety, and safe bearing capacity.
1. The document introduces reinforced concrete structures and provides an overview of their design process. It discusses common building elements like beams, slabs, columns, and foundations.
2. The design process involves analyzing loads, selecting an efficient structural form, evaluating safety, and planning construction. Designs must consider strength, serviceability, and safety factors.
3. Reinforced concrete is designed using limit state theory according to code BS 8110. Designs consider ultimate and serviceability limit states, and evaluate different load combinations and factors of safety.
This document discusses beam design criteria and deflection behavior of beams. It covers two key criteria for beam design:
1) Strength criterion - the beam cross section must be strong enough to resist bending moments and shear forces.
2) Stiffness criterion - the maximum deflection of the beam cannot exceed a limit and the beam must be stiff enough to resist deflections from loading.
It then defines deflection, slope, elastic curve, and flexural rigidity. It presents the differential equation that relates bending moment, slope, and deflection. Methods for calculating slope and deflection including double integration, Macaulay's method, and others are also summarized.
Numericals on Columns and struts_-_solvedViriSharma
This document contains 7 problems related to calculating the load capacity of steel columns using Euler's theory and Rankine's formula. Problem 1 compares the strength ratio of a solid vs hollow steel column. Problem 2 calculates the safe load for a solid round bar column with different end conditions. Problem 3 finds the strength ratio of a solid vs hollow steel column with the same cross-sectional area. Problem 4 calculates the Euler crushing load and compares it to Rankine's formula. Problems 5-7 involve calculating column load capacities for various steel sections using Euler, Rankine, and IS code methods.
This document provides instructions for applying textured paint to a surface. It should be applied in sections of 4x4 feet and allowed to dry fully for 20-23 hours before scraping off any excess. Proper cleaning and storage of tools and leftover paint is also described. The total estimated cost of materials is around $72.50.
WATERGUARD PU MEMBRANE is a polyurethane-based, elastomeric waterproofing membrane that forms a tough, seamless, and chemically resistant layer when applied to concrete and steel structures. It adheres tenaciously to substrates and has high elongation to stretch with substrate movement. Its crack-bridging and puncture-resistant properties make it effective for waterproofing foundations, basements, floors, and other building elements.
The document discusses the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) and their National Educational Technology Standards (NETS). The NETS provide guidance for effective use of technology in education. They benefit students by improving higher-order thinking skills, engagement in projects and online learning, communication and collaboration skills, research skills, and development as digital citizens. Teachers can effectively implement the NETS by facilitating student learning and creativity, designing digital learning experiences, modeling digital work and citizenship, and engaging in professional growth.
The document discusses the basic concepts of structural design in reinforced concrete. It covers relevant codes of practice, the limit state method for design, material properties, loading, stress-strain relationships, and considerations for durability and fire resistance. The key points are that reinforced concrete design involves steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to utilize their complementary properties, and must satisfy ultimate and serviceability limit states according to codes like BS 8110.
This document provides an introduction to basic structural design of reinforced concrete structures. It outlines the key learning outcomes which are to list relevant design codes, explain serviceability limit states (SLS) and ultimate limit states (ULS), and explain basic concrete design concepts. The document then discusses design codes, limit states, material properties, loading, stress-strain relationships, and considerations for durability and fire resistance in reinforced concrete design.
rectangular and section analysis in bending and shearqueripan
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams for bending and shear. It covers the analysis of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular beam sections. Key points covered include the concept of neutral axis, under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections, design of bending reinforcement, design of shear reinforcement including link spacing, and deflection criteria. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the design of bending and shear reinforcement for rectangular beams.
The document outlines the syllabus for a Structural Design-II course, covering Reinforced Concrete Design (RCC) and Steel Design topics. For RCC Design, it includes loading standards, analysis and design of a G+3 residential/commercial building, and design of water tanks and retaining walls. Steel Design topics are plate girder design, industrial building design, and design of foot over bridges, transmission towers and bridges. The document also discusses specific topics related to foot over bridge design, including when to use truss girders, types of truss girders, their components, applicable loads, and applications of foot bridges.
This document outlines the course code, introduction, and application of codes of practice for a B.Arch program. It introduces various building codes and their importance in protecting public health, safety, and compliance. Students will learn to apply different codes according to building type and represent their analysis through code data sheets.
W.h.mosley, j.h.bungey. reinforced concrete design bookReyam AL Mousawi
This document summarizes a textbook on reinforced concrete design. It describes the textbook as setting out the principles of limit state design and its application to reinforced and prestressed concrete members and structures. The fourth edition incorporates information on a recently introduced British standard code for water-retaining structures. The authors have also made some minor revisions to other parts of the book.
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. Some key details include:
- It establishes standards and guidelines for the design, materials, workmanship, construction, and testing of plain and reinforced concrete structures.
- Major revisions from previous versions include expanded guidance on durability requirements, modified acceptance criteria for concrete, and the inclusion of higher strength concrete grades.
- It contains sections on materials, design considerations, structural design principles, and testing/inspection. The limit state and working stress methods for structural design are both included.
This document is the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides requirements and guidelines for materials, workmanship, inspection, testing, and the general design of concrete structures. The summary highlights some key changes between this fourth revision and previous versions, including more detailed guidance on durability design, new concrete grades over M40, modified acceptance criteria, and additional recommendations for structural analysis.
This document is the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides requirements and guidelines for materials, workmanship, inspection, testing, and the general design of concrete structures. The summary includes:
- It is the fourth revision of the Indian Standard code of practice for concrete design and construction.
- Major revisions include expanded guidance on durability design and requirements to improve the durability of concrete structures.
- Acceptance criteria for concrete have been simplified based on British Standards.
- Additional guidance is provided for higher strength concretes, workability, mix design, formwork, reinforcement, placing, compaction and curing of concrete.
- The general design considerations section provides
Plain and-reinforced-concrete(IS 456 2000)Parvez Alam
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. It includes sections on materials, workmanship, inspection and testing of concrete structures. It also covers general design considerations and special design requirements for structural elements. The standard was revised in 2000 to incorporate changes related to durability, mix proportioning, environmental exposure conditions, and other aspects of concrete design and construction. It establishes requirements for the structural design of concrete structures using both working stress and limit state methods.
This document is a British Standard specification for carbon steel welded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks. It provides requirements for design, construction, materials, welding, testing and other aspects of the tanks. The standard includes dimensions and capacities for a range of tank sizes with dished and flanged ends, suitable for both above-ground and underground storage of liquids. It specifies minimum plate thicknesses for shells, ends and compartments. The tanks are intended for static storage of petroleum and chemical products vented to the atmosphere, and can withstand internal pressures up to 0.4 bar and vacuums of 10 mbar.
This document provides guidelines for commissioning and maintaining portable fire extinguishers. It outlines the process of commissioning, which should be carried out by a competent person and includes a visual inspection and checking that the extinguisher is fit for service. The document also describes the different levels of maintenance: basic service, extended service, overhaul, and recharging. Safety precautions and procedures for each level of maintenance are provided in the annexes.
IRJET- Composite Floors using Profiled Deck Sheet in Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of profiled deck sheets in composite steel-concrete floors. It provides an overview of composite floor construction and the benefits of using profiled deck sheets, such as reduced steel and concrete usage. The document then describes the design methodology for composite floors with profiled deck sheets according to Eurocode 4 and British Standards, including determining the section properties of the deck sheet, required concrete volume, and checking flexural capacity, shear strength, and deflection. An example design is presented and the paper concludes that composite floors with profiled deck sheets provide economies over conventional concrete slabs, including reduced material usage and increased structural capacity.
Cost Comparison of BlazeMaster CPVC vs Generic Steel for new build constructionWillRobinsonMCIM
The document provides a cost comparison study of fire suppression systems using BlazeMaster CPVC versus generic steel. It finds that the BlazeMaster CPVC system offers a cost saving of £37,400 or 25% less than the equivalent generic steel system. This is due to reductions in material costs of £14,663, labor costs of £20,264, and plant costs of £2,472 for the BlazeMaster CPVC system compared to generic steel. The study concludes that BlazeMaster CPVC is a more cost-effective alternative to traditional steel systems.
This document summarizes British Standard BS 4483:1985 which specifies requirements for factory made welded steel fabric for reinforcing concrete. It outlines information to be provided by purchasers, permissible dimensions and tolerances, classification and testing requirements. Fabric must be manufactured from plain or deformed wire complying with other British Standards, with shear-resistant welded intersections tested to specified loads. The standard provides examples of common designated fabric types and their properties.
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. It provides guidelines for the design, materials, construction and quality control of concrete structures. The summary highlights:
1) This is the fourth revision of the standard which was originally published in 1953 and revised in 1957, 1964, and 1978.
2) Major changes in this revision include expanded guidance on durability design, simplified acceptance criteria aligned with international standards, and additional concrete grades and exposure conditions.
3) The revision aims to keep up with developments in concrete technology and incorporate improvements based on experience using earlier versions.
The document is the Indian Standard code for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides guidelines for concrete mix design, quality control, construction practices, and structural design using both working stress and limit state methods. The 2000 revision incorporates changes to improve durability, simplify acceptance criteria, include higher concrete grades, and provide more guidance on factors affecting long-term performance of concrete structures. It aims to harmonize with international standards while addressing developments in concrete technology.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard code of practice for prestressed concrete structures. It begins with background on the development of the code and revisions made. Some key changes in the current revision include aligning provisions with IS 456, clarifying that the code does not cover bridges, adding new definitions, updating material specifications, allowing higher grade concrete, revising durability requirements, and updating design provisions. The code contains 4 sections that cover general aspects, materials and construction, general design requirements, and structural design using limit state principles. It provides specifications for materials, workmanship, inspection, testing, analysis, and design of prestressed concrete elements and structures.
The Indian Standard for Compressed Asbestos Fiber Jointing Sheet
The 1998 version is extremely obsolete and very few are actually aware that METALLIC reinforcement cannot be certified as IS 2712 Standard.
This document provides a manual for designing and detailing reinforced concrete structures according to the 2013 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete in Hong Kong. The manual covers topics such as beams, slabs, columns, beam-column joints, walls, footings, and general detailing requirements. It discusses key changes in the updated code, provides design examples and charts, and describes computer methods commonly used for analysis and design.
This document provides a manual for designing and detailing reinforced concrete structures according to the Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013 in Hong Kong. The manual covers topics such as beams, slabs, columns, beam-column joints, walls, footings, and general detailing requirements. It highlights changes from the previous code, discusses design approaches, and includes design examples and charts. The goal of the manual is to outline best practices for detailed design and construction based on the requirements of the new code.
This document is a British Standard that summarizes a European Standard for common cements. It includes a national foreword that provides context for the standard in the UK. The standard establishes requirements for the composition, specifications, and conformity criteria for common cements. It defines common cements and outlines constituents, composition notation, mechanical/physical/chemical requirements, and conformity criteria. The document also includes several national annexes that provide additional guidance for areas like sampling, fineness, and general cement use in the UK.
This document provides a draft revision to the Indian Standard specification for hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel. Some key changes in the revision include:
1) The title has been modified and the word 'low' has been deleted to reflect the grades of steel covered.
2) Nine grades of steel are now specified, with some grades having two to four sub-qualities indicating impact test requirements and deoxidation method.
3) The manufacturing clause has been modified to allow for different steelmaking and rolling practices.
4) Requirements have been aligned with international standards like EN and ASTM to make the Indian standard more comparable globally.
This document is the Indian Standard for high strength deformed steel bars and wires used for concrete reinforcement. It specifies the requirements for various grades of reinforcing bars and wires, including their chemical composition, manufacturing process, mechanical properties, and bonding characteristics. The standard allows for bars and wires produced via various manufacturing routes, including hot rolling with or without controlled cooling, and cold working. It defines terms, sets limits for chemical composition, and provides requirements for mechanical properties, deformation patterns, and bond strength.
This document outlines specifications for nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs, and bars intended for forgings. It specifies requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, freedom from defects, sampling procedures, and testing methods. The standard aims to ensure the materials meet the needs of users for various forgings applications.
This document is the Indian Standard for prestressed concrete code of practice. It provides revisions to the code to align with changes in IS 456 for reinforced concrete and updated practices. Key changes include allowing higher strength concrete up to M80, revising durability requirements to limit maximum cement content, and updating provisions for materials, workmanship, and structural design based on the limit state method. The code is intended to guide qualified engineers in the design of prestressed concrete structures.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. BRITISH STANDARD BS 5268-4.1:
1978
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1
and 2
Structural use of
timber —
Part 4: Fire resistance of timber
structures —
Section 4.1: Recommendations for
calculating fire resistance of timber
members
UDC 691.11:674.049.3:620.1.08
LicensedCopy:TomDragicevic,BechtelLtd,27March2003,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSI
15. BS 5268-4.1:
1978
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LicensedCopy:TomDragicevic,BechtelLtd,27March2003,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSI