A brute force attack is a hacking technique that attempts to gain unauthorized access by trying various passwords and credentials. Weak and predictable passwords, lack of security measures like account lockout policies and multifactor authentication increase vulnerability to such attacks. To protect against these threats, users should employ strong, complex passwords, enable multifactor authentication, and consider using a password manager.

2.  Definition: A brute force attack
is a hacking method that uses
trial and error to crack
passwords, login credentials,
and encryption keys.
 Example: Trying out every
combination on a keypad to a
locked room, hoping that
eventually you’ll find the right
one.

3. 1.Weak Passwords:
1. Use of easily guessable passwords.
2. Lack of complexity or randomness in password creation.
2.Predictable Passwords:
1. Reliance on common words, phrases, or patterns.
2. Absence of uniqueness in password choices.
3.Lack of Security Measures:
1. No Account Lockout Policies:
1.Failure to limit login attempts.
2.Allows attackers to repeatedly try different passwords without
consequences.
2. No Multifactor Authentication (MFA):
1.Missing an additional layer of security beyond passwords.
2.Increases vulnerability to unauthorized access.

4. • Simple brute force attacks: The attacker tries to logically guess a password
by using common passwords or personal information
• Dictionary attacks: The attacker tests common words, phrases, or
passwords in exhaustive combinations
• Hybrid brute force attacks: The attacker combines techniques from
dictionary attacks and simple brute force attacks to test combinations
involving both common words and random characters
• Reverse brute force attacks: The attacker starts with a known password and
tests it against a list of possible usernames
• Credential stuffing: The attacker uses credentials that have already been
stolen from another source and tests them against multiple sites

5.  Aircrack-ng: A suite of tools that assess
Wi-Fi network security and can crack
WEP and WPA passwords using brute
force methods.
 Hydra: A fast and flexible tool that can
launch brute force attacks on various
network services, such as FTP, SSH,
Telnet, HTTP, and more.
 John the Ripper: A powerful tool that
can crack encrypted passwords using
brute force, dictionary, and rainbow
table methods.

6. • Use strong passwords: Choose passwords
that are long, complex, and unique. Avoid
using common words, phrases, or personal
information. Use a combination of
uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers,
and symbols
• Use multifactor authentication: Add an extra
layer of security by requiring a second factor
of verification, such as a code sent to your
phone or email, a biometric scan, or a
physical token
• Use a password manager: Store and
manage your passwords securely in a
password manager that can generate and
autofill strong passwords for you