bronchitis

1. Presented by
Amer M. Nasir
Instructor /Community
Health Department
BRONCHITIS

2. DEFINITION OF BRONCHITIS
 Bronchitis is a infection and inflammation
of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air
passages between the nose and the lungs.
 Bronchitis is caused by viruses, bacteria,
and other particles that irritate the
bronchial tubes.

5. TYPES OF BRONCHITIS
1. Acute bronchitis
2. Chronic bronchitis

6. TYPES OF BRONCHITIS
1. Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is a shorter illness
that commonly follows a cold or viral
infection, such as the flu season
Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few
days or weeks

7. 2. Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a long term,
irreversible respiratory illness.
Chronic bronchitis have a daily
mucus product cough at last 3
months a year.

8. Etiology & risk factors
 Infection – Bacteria and virus
 Smoking
 tobacco
 weakness of immune systems
 Genetics causes

9. Contd…
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)
 Air pollution
 Influenza A and B virus
 Mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria

10. Signs & symptoms of bronchitis
1. Inflammation or swelling of the bronchi
2. Coughing
3. Production of clear, white, yellow, grey,
or green mucus (sputum)
4. Shortness of breath
5. Wheezing
6. Fatigue

11. Cont...
7. Fever and chills
8.Chest pain or discomfort
9.runny nose
10.Sore throat
11.Vomiting and diarrhea
12.Cyanosis

12. Pathophysiology
Smoke or another environment pollutant irritates airway
Hyper secretion of mucus and inflammation
Bronchial walls become thickened, the bronchial lumen is
narrowed and mucus may plug airway
so altered function of Alveoli cells
Respiratory infection
Emphysema and Bronchiectasis

13. Diagnostic evaluation
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Chest x- rays
 Sputum cultures
 Pulmonary function test
 Spirometer exercises
 Bronchoscopy

14. Pharmacologic management
 Antibiotics -
azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefixime
 Cough medicine -
Noscapine, Dextromethorphan
 Bronchodilators –
salbutamol, Terbutaline

15. Contd…
 Nasal decongestants :
Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline,
 Anti-inflammatory drugs:
Ibuprofen
 Antiviral medicine:
Acyclovir
 Corticosteroids drugs:
Beclomethasone, dexamethasone
 Pulmonary rehabilitation program : this includes work
with a respiratory therapist to help breathing.

16. HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Avoiding tobacco smoke and exposure
to second hand smoke
2. Avoiding people who are sick with colds
or the flu
3. Getting a yearly flu vaccine
4. Getting a pneumonia vaccine
5. Washing hands regularly
6. Avoiding cold, damp locations or areas
with a lot of air pollution
7. Wearing a mask around people who are
coughing and sneezing

17. COMPLICATIONS
 Asthma
 Bronchiectasis
 Tuberculosis
 Sinusitis