"Prevention is better than cure" so that,it is important to get awareness about bronchial asthma and its prevention.

2. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
MS.ANN MARIAM GEORGE
M.Sc NURSING IST YEAR
KIMS COLLEGE OF NURSING

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Anatomy and physiology of
bronchi

5. DEFINITION
 BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
NOW REGARDED AS
A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER
OF THE LOWER AIRWAY
CHARACTERIZED BY BOUTS OF
DYSNEA, AS A RESULT OF TEMPORARY
NARROWING OF THE BRONCHI BY
BRONCHOSPASM,MUCOSAL EDEMA,AND
THICK SECRETIONS.
SURAJ GUPTHE

6. 
ASTHMA IS A REVERSIBLE EPISODIC
OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE CAUSED
BY HYPERACTIVITY OF THE BRONCHIAL
TREE TO A VARIETY OF STIMULI.
DOROTHY R MARLOW

7.  ASTHMA
IS DEFINED AS A CHRONIC
INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE
AIRWAYS IN MANY CELLS PLAY A ROLE, IN
PARTICULAR ,MAST CELLS,EOSINOPHILS
AND T- LYMPHOCYTES.
WONG’S

8. INCIDENCE
 MOST
CASES: FIRST 2 YEARS
 PEAK
INCIDENCE: 5-10 YEARS OF
AGE
 BOYS
SUFFER TWICE AS MUCH AS
THE GIRLS
 INCIDENCE
IN SCHOOL GOING
AGE IS AROUND 2%

9. ETIOLOGY

10. PAHTOPHYSIOLOGY

11. TYPES

12. CLINICAL FEATURES

13. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Client history
Physical assessment
Pulmonary function studies
.Peak Expiratory Flow Rates
.Spirometry
.Allergy skin testing
.Chest radiography

14. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Rhinitis
Tonsillitis
Laryngomalasia
Vascular
ring
Supraglottitis

15. Bronchiolitis
Foreign
body aspiration
Cystic fibrosis
pneumonia

16. MANAGEMENT

AIMS:
RELIEVE THE SYMPTOMS
o PREVENT THE RELAPSE OF
ATTACKS TO PREVENT SCHOOL
ABSENTISM, ENCOURAGE TO
PARTICIPATE IN SPORTS AND
ATTAIN GOOD GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
o

17. EDUCATION OF THE
PATIENTS,PARENTS,GRAND
PARENTS ABOUT THE
DISEASE, NEED TO USE THE
MEDICINE AND PROPER USE OF
TECHNIQUE OF INHALATION
THERAPY
o GOOD PHARMACOLOGICAL
THERAPY
o ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
o

18. PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
TWO
GROUPS OF DRUGS
1. QUICK RELIEVERS
2. PREVENTORS OR ANTI
INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
( MAST CELL STABILIZERS)

19. 1.QUICK RELIEVERS
Bronchodilators like
Beta-2 agonist
2.PREVENTORS OR ANTI
INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
( MAST CELL STABILIZERS)
Leukotrine inhibitors
Steroids

20. Treatment of acute attack of
asthma
Nebulization beta-2
agonist 2times at 15
minutes intervals
Good
response
No
response
Discharge on oral
medications
Admit
and treat

21. Management of acute severe
asthma rule of six m’s
 Metabolic correction
 Muscle spasm to
 Mucosal
be relieved
edema
 Mucus secretions in excess
 Monitor for infections
 Mechanical breathing

22. Treatment of chronic asthma
Intermitte Mild
nt asthma persistent
Moderate
persistent
Severe
persistent
Inhaled or Inhaled low
oral
dose steroids
bronchodila
tor therapy
Inhaled low
dose
steroids
+ LA beta 2
agonists
Inhaled high
dose
steroids
+ LA beta 2
agonists

23. Drugs in asthma
ORAL DOSE
DRUGS
PARENTRAL
DOSE
BETA 2 ADRENERGIC
AGONISTS
SALBUTAMOL
0.1 mg/Kg/DOSE
3-4 TIMES A DAY
7.5 mcg/Kg IN 5-10
MINUTES THEN 0.1
mcg/min
THEOPHYLLINES
AMINOPHYLLINE
DERIPHYLLINE
4-6mg/Kg/DOSE
6mg/Kg FOLLOWED
3-4 TIMES /DAY
STEROIDS
PREDNISOLONE
1-2 mg/Kg/DAY
8-10 mg/Kg F/B
1mg/Kg/ hr OR
3mg/Kg Q6H

24. ALLERGEN CONTROL
GOAL:
PREVENTION AND
REDUCTION OF CHILD’S
EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE
ALLERGENS AND
IRRITANTS

25. ALLERGENS
HOUSE
DUST AND OTHER
COMPONENTS OF HOUSE DUST
COCKROACH
MOUSE ALLERGEN

26. IDENTIFICATION AND ELIMINATION
OF EXACERBATING FACTORS
 PASSIVE SMOKING
 ASSOCIATED ALLERGIC
DISORDERS
 INADEQUATE VENTILATION AT
HOME LEADING TO DAMPNESS
 COLD AIR AND COLD FOOD
 SMOKE AND DUST
 PETS IN FAMILY

27. MEASURES HELP IN DEALING WITH
TRIGGERS

28. NURSING MANAGEMENT
ACUTE CARE
1. PROVIDING REST
2. POSITIONING
3. EVALUATING
RESPIRATORY
STATUS
4. CHEST

29. 5.ADMINISTERING OXYGEN
THERAPY
6.PROVIDING EMOTIONAL
SUPPORT AND EDUCATIONS
7. MONITORING I.V
MEDICATION
8. ADMINISTERING FLUID
THERAPY
9. SUPPORTING FAMILY

30. LONG TERM CARE
=GOAL
PREVENT ACUTE EPISODES OF
BRONCHIAL AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION

31. NURSING DIAGNOSES
?

32. COMPLICATIONS
EMPHYSEMA
COLLAPSE
CORPULMONALE
PNEUMOTHORAX
BRONCHIECTASIS
TUBERCULOSIS
IN PATIENTS
ON PROLONGED STEROID
THERAPY

33. PREVENTION
<50%
50%-80%
80%-100%

34. SUMMARY

35. Conclusion