1. Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICANAMERICAN
HISTORY 13/eHISTORY 13/e
Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global Crisis, 1921-1941The Global Crisis, 1921-1941

2. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 The Diplomacy of the New EraThe Diplomacy of the New Era
 Myth of IsolationismMyth of Isolationism
– Replacing the LeagueReplacing the League
 Washington Conference of 1921Washington Conference of 1921
 Tried to Prevent a Global Arms RaceTried to Prevent a Global Arms Race
 Five-Power Pact of 1922Five-Power Pact of 1922
 Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact
– Debts and DiplomacyDebts and Diplomacy
 Circular LoansCircular Loans
 Economic Expansion in Latin AmericaEconomic Expansion in Latin America
 Hoover Repealed the Roosevelt CorollaryHoover Repealed the Roosevelt Corollary
 U.S. Troops Withdrawn from HaitiU.S. Troops Withdrawn from Haiti
2

3. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 The Diplomacy of the New EraThe Diplomacy of the New Era
– Hoover and the World CrisisHoover and the World Crisis
 Japan Seizes Manchuria-1931Japan Seizes Manchuria-1931
 Mussolini Seizes Power in 1922Mussolini Seizes Power in 1922
 End of the Weimar RepublicEnd of the Weimar Republic
 Creation of the Third Reich-1933Creation of the Third Reich-1933
 Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
 LebensraumLebensraum
 Failure of America’sFailure of America’s
Interwar DiplomacyInterwar Diplomacy
Hitler in the Reichstag
(Royalty-Free /
CORBIS)3

4. The Rape of NankingThe Rape of Nanking

5. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism
– Depression DiplomacyDepression Diplomacy
 FDR’s “Bombshell”FDR’s “Bombshell”
 Reciprocal TradeReciprocal Trade
Agreement Act-1934Agreement Act-1934
5
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(Library of Congress)

6. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism
– America and the Soviet UnionAmerica and the Soviet Union
– Roosevelt Establishes Diplomatic Relations with theRoosevelt Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the
USSR-1933USSR-1933
– Japanese Expansion in the Far East-1930sJapanese Expansion in the Far East-1930s
– The Good Neighbor PolicyThe Good Neighbor Policy
 Inter-American ConferenceInter-American Conference
6
“No state has the right to intervene in the
internal or external affairs of another”
Cordell Hull

8. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 Isolationism and InternationalismIsolationism and Internationalism
– The Rise of IsolationismThe Rise of Isolationism
 Sources of IsolationismSources of Isolationism
 American Public SentimentAmerican Public Sentiment
 Neutrality Act of 1935Neutrality Act of 1935
 Mandatory Arms Embargo for Both sidesMandatory Arms Embargo for Both sides
 Neutrality Act of 1937Neutrality Act of 1937
 ““Cash and Carry” PolicyCash and Carry” Policy
 Invasion of Ethiopia-1935Invasion of Ethiopia-1935
 ““Quarantine” SpeechQuarantine” Speech
 PanayPanay Incident-1937Incident-1937
 TheThe AnschlussAnschluss (Union)-1938(Union)-1938
– The Failure of MunichThe Failure of Munich
 Munich Conference-1938Munich Conference-1938
 Failure of “Appeasement”Failure of “Appeasement”8

11. AnschlussAnschluss

12. Munich AgreementMunich Agreement

13. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five: The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
► Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)
► Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland
-German Invasion September 1, 1939-German Invasion September 1, 1939
-Russian Invasion September 17, 1939-Russian Invasion September 17, 1939
13

15. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention
– Neutrality TestedNeutrality Tested
 Cash-and-CarryCash-and-Carry
 Roosevelt Declares NeutralityRoosevelt Declares Neutrality
 Fall of France-1940Fall of France-1940
 Ambassador Joseph KennedyAmbassador Joseph Kennedy
 Shifting Public OpinionShifting Public Opinion
 America First CommitteeAmerica First Committee
15

16. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
16
French citizens look on in horror as
Germans march into Paris, June 14,
1940 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)

17. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention
– The Third-Term CampaignThe Third-Term Campaign
 Wendell WillkieWendell Willkie
– Neutrality AbandonedNeutrality Abandoned
 Lend-Lease-1940Lend-Lease-1940
 Aid to Great BritainAid to Great Britain
 Germany Invades the USSR-June 22, 1941Germany Invades the USSR-June 22, 1941
 Sinking of theSinking of the Reuben James-Reuben James-Oct. 1941Oct. 1941
 Atlantic Charter-1941Atlantic Charter-1941
 Anglo-American AllianceAnglo-American Alliance
Based on Common PrinciplesBased on Common Principles
17

18. Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa

19. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
First Mass Air Raid on
London, September 7, 1940
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
19

20. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
German Troops in Russia,
1941 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
20
Frederick Barbarossa

21. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
 From Neutrality to InterventionFrom Neutrality to Intervention
– The Road to Pearl HarborThe Road to Pearl Harbor
 Tripartite Pact-1940Tripartite Pact-1940
 J.I.G.J.I.G.
 Tokyo’s DecisionTokyo’s Decision
for Warfor War
 Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7,1941Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7,1941
 Aircraft Carriers SparedAircraft Carriers Spared
 Germany Declares WarGermany Declares War
on the U.S.on the U.S.
The USS Arizona sinks after the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,
December 71941 (CORBIS /
Royalty-Free)
21
Yamamoto

22. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
America in the World:America in the World:
The Sino-Japanese War, 1931-1941The Sino-Japanese War, 1931-1941
Baby after Japanese bombing
of Shanghai, August 28, 1937
(CORBIS/Royalty Free )
22

23. Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
Orson Welles and the “War of the Worlds”Orson Welles and the “War of the Worlds”
23

24. Pearl Harbor,
December 7, 1941
(CORBIS / Royalty-Free)
Chapter Twenty-five:Chapter Twenty-five:
The Global CrisisThe Global Crisis
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The Question of Pearl HarborThe Question of Pearl Harbor
24