1. Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e
Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the
Ordeal of Liberalism

2. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 Expanding the Liberal State
– John Kennedy
 Election of 1960
 Kennedy vs. Nixon
 Catholic Factor
 Kennedy Assassinated
 Lee Harvey Oswald
 Warren Commission
 Jack Ruby
2
John F. Kennedy
Vice-President Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

3. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
3
The Election of 1960

4. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 Expanding the Liberal State
– Lyndon Johnson
 The “Great Society”
 War on Poverty
Lyndon Johnson
(Library of Congress)
4

5. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 Expanding the Liberal State
– The Assault on Poverty
 Medicare and Medicaid
 Community Action Program
– Cities, Schools, and Immigration
 Housing and Urban Development
 Immigration Act of 1965
 Preference of N. Europeans Ended
.

6. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 Expanding the Liberal State
– Legacies of the Great Society
 Failures and Achievements of the Great Society
 Greatest Reduction in Poverty in U.S. History
The Johnson
Treatment
6
President Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964

7. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Battle for Racial Equality
– Expanding Protests
 SNCC
 “Freedom Rides”
 Birmingham
 Sit-ins-1960
 Greensboro, N.C.
Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark
Martin stage sit-down strike after being
refused service at an F.W. Woolworth
luncheon counter, Greensboro, N.C. 1960.
(Library of Congress)
7

8. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides
[New York]: Associated Press
Newsfeature, [1962].
(Library of Congress)
8 .

9. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Battle for Racial Equality
– A National Commitment
 March on Washington-1963
 Largest Civil Rights Demonstration
 Civil Rights Act of 1964
“I have a dream…”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
9

10. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Battle for Racial Equality
– The Battle for Voting Rights
 “Freedom Summer”-1964
 KKK and Local Police Involved
in the Murder of Activists
 Voting Rights Act of 1965
– The Changing Movement
 De jure and De facto Segregation
– Urban Violence
 Watts Riot-1965
 Los Angeles
10

11. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Battle for Racial Equality
– Black Power
 Shift from Integration to Racial Distinction
 An Increasingly Divided Civil Rights Movement
– Malcolm X-1965
 Nation of Islam
 Elijah Muhammed

12. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 “Flexible Response” and the Cold War
– Diversifying Foreign Policy
 Special Forces (Green Berets)
 Conflicts in the Third World (Developing Nations)
 Bay of Pigs Operation-April 1961
 U.S. Withheld Air Support
– Confrontations with the Soviet Union
 Cuban Missile Crisis-Oct. 1962
 Naval and Air Blockade of Cuba
 Crisis Ends With Soviets Dismantling
Their Missiles in Cuba
 U.S. Promises Not to Invade Cuba
“Communist domination in this hemisphere can
never be negotiated”
John F. Kennedy
Fidel Castro
1926–

13. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The United States in Latin America, 1954-2001
13

14. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism

15. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 “Flexible Response” and the Cold War
– President Johnson and the World
 Intervention in the Dominican Republic (1965)
 Dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo (1930-61)
 Trujillo Assassinated in 1961
 Left-wing Nationalists
 Juan Bosch
 30,000 U.S. Troops Dispatched
15
1 Rafael Leónidas
Trujillo Molina (Spanish
pronunciation: [rafaˈel
leˈoniðas tɾuˈxiʎo];
October 24, 1891 – May
30, 1961

16. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Agony of Vietnam
– The First Indochina War (1946-54)
 The Vietminh
 Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954)
 George Kennan- “Containment”
 “Most Disastrous…of all America’s Undertakings”
– Geneva and the Two Vietnams
 Geneva Conference-Elections Set for 1956
 Vietnam Divided at the 17th Parallel
 South Vietnamese Society
 Saigon-Capital of S. Vietnam
16
Ho Chi Minh
1890–1969
When he was young, the poor
Vietnamese Nguyen That
(uhng•wihn thaht) Thanh worked as
a cook on a French steamship. In
visiting American cities where the
boat docked, such as Boston and
New York, he learned about both
American culture and ideals. He
later took a new name—Ho Chi
Minh, meaning “He who
enlightens.” But he held onto those
American ideals. Though a
Communist, in announcing
Vietnam’s Independence from
France in 1945, he declared, “All
men are created equal.” His people
revered him and fondly called him
Uncle Ho. However, Ho Chi Minh
did not put his democratic ideals
into practice. From 1954 to 1969,
he ruled North Vietnam by crushing
all opposition
General Giáp

17. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Agony of Vietnam
– America and Diem
 Ngo Dinh Diem
 Cancels Elections Scheduled for 1956
 The NLF-Vietcong
 Diem Overthrown-Nov. 1963
 Kennedy Supports the Assassination of Diem
17

18. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Agony of Vietnam
– From Aid to Intervention
 Pressure for American Intervention
 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-1964
 Authorization for Undeclared War
 Mounting Casualties/500,000 Troops(1967)
– The Quagmire
 Strategy of “Attrition”
 “Hearts and Minds”
18 ©
Lyndon B. Johnson

19. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The War in Vietnam and Indochina, 1964-1975
19
Ho Chi Minh Trail

20. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Agony of Vietnam
– The War at Home
 Growing Opposition to the War
 Campaign of Senator Robert F. Kennedy
 War-Induced Inflation
 Great Society Programs Cut
Antiwar Poster
(Library of Congress)
20

21. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Traumas of 1968
– The Tet Offensive
 U. S. Political and Psychological Defeat
 U.S. Military Victory
 NLF Ranks Depleted
– The Political Challenge
 Robert Kennedy-Democratic Candidate
– The King and Kennedy Assassinations
 Riots-MLK Assassination (April 1968)
 RFK Assassination-Los Angeles (June 1968)
 Sirhan Sirhan-Palestinian Issue
 The “Kennedy Legacy”-Martyrdom
 Democratic National Convention-1968
 Humphrey Receives the Nomination
Democratic presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey.
21

22. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 1968 Democratic Convention-Chicago

23. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Election of 1968
23

24. Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
 The Traumas of 1968
– The Conservative Response
 George Wallace-Gov. of Alabama
 Conservative Candidate
 Strong Southern Support for Wallace
 American Independence Party
 Nixon Victorious
Richard M. Nixon
(Library of Congress)
24
George Wallace

25. Where Historians Disagree:
The Civil Rights Movement
Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
25

26. Where Historians Disagree:
The Vietnam Commitment
Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Vietnam Veterans’War Memorial
(R. Morley/Photolink/Getty Images)
26

27. Patterns of Popular Culture:
The Folk-Music Revival
Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
27 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

28. America in the World:
1968
Chapter Twenty-nine:
Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
28 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.