This chapter discusses the transition of the British Empire in North America during the 18th century. It describes how the colonies became more loosely tied to Britain due to decentralized administration and powerful colonial legislatures. Anglo-French conflicts over territory led to the French and Indian War, resulting in French loss of North America except New Orleans. New imperial policies by Britain, such as taxation acts, led to increased colonial resentment and unrest, culminating in the American Revolution.

1. Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORYAMERICAN HISTORY
13/e13/e
Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition

2. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Sources of CrisisSources of Crisis
 Loosening TiesLoosening Ties
– A Tradition of NeglectA Tradition of Neglect
 Growing Power of ParliamentGrowing Power of Parliament
 Result of Glorious Revolution of 1688Result of Glorious Revolution of 1688
 Decentralized Colonial AdministrationDecentralized Colonial Administration
 Loose and Inefficient AdministrationLoose and Inefficient Administration
 Powerful Colonial LegislaturesPowerful Colonial Legislatures
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3. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Loosening TiesLoosening Ties
– The Colonies DividedThe Colonies Divided
 Albany Plan-1754Albany Plan-1754
 Ben FranklinBen Franklin
 Lack of Coop.Lack of Coop.
 DisunityDisunity
A Map of the New World
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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4. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The Struggle for the ContinentThe Struggle for the Continent
 An Uneasy Balance of PowerAn Uneasy Balance of Power
 English, French, and IroquoisEnglish, French, and Iroquois
North America, 1696
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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5. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The Struggle for the ContinentThe Struggle for the Continent
– New France and the Iroquois NationNew France and the Iroquois Nation
 New Sources of ConflictNew Sources of Conflict
 France’s NorthFrance’s North
American EmpireAmerican Empire
 The IroquoisThe Iroquois
ConfederacyConfederacy
 Most PowerfulMost Powerful
Native GroupNative Group
A French Map of
North America, 1758
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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6. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The Struggle for the ContinentThe Struggle for the Continent
– Anglo-French ConflictsAnglo-French Conflicts
 European Seeds of ConflictEuropean Seeds of Conflict
 Treaty of Utrecht-1713Treaty of Utrecht-1713
 French Loss of AcadiaFrench Loss of Acadia
and Newfoundlandand Newfoundland
 Fort Necessity-1754Fort Necessity-1754
 Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)
 Defeat of Col. WashingtonDefeat of Col. Washington
 English and IroquoisEnglish and Iroquois
 French More Tolerant ofFrench More Tolerant of
Native CulturesNative Cultures6
Name of Conflict Date of Conflict
King William’s War 1689-1697
Queen Anne’s War 1701-1713
King George’s War 1744-1748

7. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The Struggle for the ContinentThe Struggle for the Continent
– The Great War for the EmpireThe Great War for the Empire
 FirstFirst European World War/ Seven Year’s WarEuropean World War/ Seven Year’s War
 FightingFighting in India, Europe, North America,in India, Europe, North America,
and the Caribbeanand the Caribbean
 Gen. Braddock Defeated-1755Gen. Braddock Defeated-1755
 Iroquois Nominally Allied with the EnglishIroquois Nominally Allied with the English
 William Pitt Takes ChargeWilliam Pitt Takes Charge
 Siege of Quebec-French Defeat in 1759Siege of Quebec-French Defeat in 1759
 Peace of Paris-1763Peace of Paris-1763
 Consequences of the Seven Years’ WarConsequences of the Seven Years’ War
 French Loss of North America Except New OrleansFrench Loss of North America Except New Orleans
 England’s Supremacy North AmericaEngland’s Supremacy North America
 Colonial Resentment over Running Local AffairsColonial Resentment over Running Local Affairs
 Devastating Loss for Native AmericansDevastating Loss for Native Americans7

8. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

9. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
9
The Seven Years’ War

10. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism
– Burdens of EmpireBurdens of Empire
 Commercial Versus Territorial ImperialistsCommercial Versus Territorial Imperialists
 Britain’s Staggering War DebtBritain’s Staggering War Debt
 George III’s ShortcomingsGeorge III’s Shortcomings
 Monarch Was Emotionally UnstableMonarch Was Emotionally Unstable
and Immatureand Immature
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11. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
The Thirteen Colonies in 1763
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12. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism
– The British and the TribesThe British and the Tribes
 Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763
 Tried to Control WhiteTried to Control White
Encroachment IntoEncroachment Into
Native American LandsNative American Lands
 Supported by Most NativeSupported by Most Native
AmericansAmericans
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13. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
North America in 1763
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14. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism
– The Colonial ResponseThe Colonial Response
 Currency ActCurrency Act
 Sugar Act of 1764Sugar Act of 1764
 Damaged Colonial Sugar MarketDamaged Colonial Sugar Market
 Tried to Eliminate SmugglingTried to Eliminate Smuggling
 Lowered Colonial Duty on MolassesLowered Colonial Duty on Molasses
 Stamp Act of 1765-Tax on Printed DocumentsStamp Act of 1765-Tax on Printed Documents
 United Colonial Opposition-Patrick HenryUnited Colonial Opposition-Patrick Henry
 Paxton Boys-Western Penn.Paxton Boys-Western Penn.
 Regulator Movement-North CarolinaRegulator Movement-North Carolina
 Postwar DepressionPostwar Depression
 Political Consequences of the Greenville ProgramPolitical Consequences of the Greenville Program
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15. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Stirrings of RevoltStirrings of Revolt
– The Stamp Act CrisisThe Stamp Act Crisis
 Effects of the Stamp ActEffects of the Stamp Act
 United Colonies in OppositionUnited Colonies in Opposition
to Englishto English
 Virginia ResolvesVirginia Resolves
 Patrick HenryPatrick Henry
 Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
 Sam AdamsSam Adams
 Parliament RetreatsParliament Retreats
 Stamp Act Rescinded in 1766Stamp Act Rescinded in 1766
The Tory’s Day of Judgment
(Library of Congress)
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16. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Stirrings of RevoltStirrings of Revolt
– The Townshend ProgramThe Townshend Program
 Mutiny Act (Quartering Act)-1765Mutiny Act (Quartering Act)-1765
 Declaratory Act of 1766Declaratory Act of 1766
 Expanded Parliament’s Power Over theExpanded Parliament’s Power Over the
ColoniesColonies
 Internal and External TaxesInternal and External Taxes
 Colonial BoycottsColonial Boycotts
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17. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Stirrings of RevoltStirrings of Revolt
– The Boston Massacre-1770The Boston Massacre-1770
 Competition forCompetition for
Scarce EmploymentScarce Employment
 Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams
 Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
 Paul ReverePaul Revere
 Symbol of British OppositionSymbol of British Opposition
The Boston Massacre (Library
of Congress)
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18. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Stirrings of RevoltStirrings of Revolt
– The Philosophy of RevoltThe Philosophy of Revolt
 England’s Balanced ConstitutionEngland’s Balanced Constitution
 Unwritten DocumentUnwritten Document
 Virtual Versus Actual RepresentationVirtual Versus Actual Representation
 England Believed Colonies Represented in ParliamentEngland Believed Colonies Represented in Parliament
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19. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Stirrings of RevoltStirrings of Revolt
– The Tea ExcitementThe Tea Excitement
 Revolutionary DiscourseRevolutionary Discourse
 The Tea Act-1773The Tea Act-1773
 Boston Tea Party-1773Boston Tea Party-1773
 Coercive Acts-1774Coercive Acts-1774
 Quebec Act- Rights for Roman CatholicsQuebec Act- Rights for Roman Catholics
 Consequences-New ResistanceConsequences-New Resistance
 Boycotts of British GoodsBoycotts of British Goods
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20. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Cooperation and WarCooperation and War
– New Sources of AuthorityNew Sources of Authority
 First Continental Congress-1774First Continental Congress-1774
 Repeal of Oppressive Legislation Passed SinceRepeal of Oppressive Legislation Passed Since
17631763
 The Conciliatory PropositionsThe Conciliatory Propositions
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21. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
 Cooperation and WarCooperation and War
– Lexington and Concord-1775Lexington and Concord-1775
 General Thomas GageGeneral Thomas Gage
 The RevolutionThe Revolution
Begins-April 19,1775Begins-April 19,1775
 July 4, 1776July 4, 1776
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Recruiting Poster
(Library of Congress)

22. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775
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23. Chapter Four:Chapter Four:
The Empire in TransitionThe Empire in Transition
Patterns of Popular Culture: Patterns of Popular Culture:
Taverns in Revolutionary MassachusettsTaverns in Revolutionary Massachusetts
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