Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into arteries.

1. BLOOD PRESSURE
JANAVI BHANDARI
MSC – FOOD AND NUTRITION
N-2005

2. CONTENT :-
• Definition of blood pressure
• Systolic and Diastolic B.P
• Factors affecting the blood pressure
• Measurement devices + technique
• Prevention
• Research papers

3. DEFINITION :-
• Blood pressure is the force exerted in the arteries
by the blood against the wall of the blood vessel.

4. SIGNIFICANCE :-
• Plays an important role in exchange of nutrients and gases across
the capillaries.
• To ensure the blood flow to various organs of the body.
• Required to form urine.
• Required for the formation of the lymph.

5. SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE (S.B.P) :-
• Defined as the maximum B.P in the arteries attainable
during systole.
• Normal S.B.P is less than 120 mm Hg (millimeter of
mercury).
• This is mainly contributed by :-
1. Force of heart beat
2. Normal blood volume
3. Cardiac output
• Normal range – 90 -140 mmHg

6. DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE (D.B.P) :-
• Defined as the minimum pressure that is obtained at the end of the ventricular
diastole.
• Normal range 60 -90 mmHg.
1. It represents a constant load on the arterial walls with little or no fluctuations at all.
2. It is an index to the peripheral resistance and decides the filling of the coronary
system.

7. PULSE PRESSURE :-
• Denotes the difference between Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic Blood
pressure.
• It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.
• PP = SBP – DBP = 40 mm Hg.

8. FACTORS AFFECTING THE BLOOD PRESSURE :-
• Age
• Size
• Gender
• Climate
• Exercise
• Emotions/ stress
• Diet
• Smoking
• Chemicals
• Diurinal variations

9. 1. AGE :- Blood pressure varies throughout the age. As age increases, B.P also raises.
2. SIZE :- It is observed that as the body size increases, B.P also fluctuates. Heavier and taller
child have higher B.P than the smaller child of same age.
3. GENDER :- After puberty male have higher blood pressure than females. But after
menopause, women ten to have high B.P than male of same age.
4. EMOTIONS/STRESS:- Anxiety, fear, pain, stress, sympathetic nervous system get
activated, causing vasoconstriction, increasing heart contractions and ultimately raises blood
pressure.
5. DIET :- People taking diet rich in salt and unsaturated fatty acids, having higher blood
pressure. Cocaine and ccaffeine intake also increases blood pressure.
6. SMOKING :- Due to nicotine blood pressure increases.
7. EXERCISE :- Rgular exercises, decrease the blood pressure. Help in keeping B.P normal.
8. DIURNAL VARIATIONS :- Usually, person have low B.P in early morning and gradually
rises and peaks in the evening.

10. MEASUREMENT DEVICES :-
AUTOMATED
B.P DEVICES
SIMPLEMERCURY
SPHYGMOMANOMETER

11. BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

12. PREVENTION :-
• Eat a healthy, well balanced diet
• Reduce salt and fat intake
• Exercise regularly
• Stop smoking
• Reduce weight
• Reduce alcohol and caffeine consumption.

13. RESEARCH PAPERS :-
• On June 2013, P. SANEEI done his research on influence of
dietary approaches to stop Hypertension on blood pressure
through Dash diet. This research was done on 2,561 adults and
the results revealed the reducing effect of dash diet on both
systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult.

14. RESEARCH PAPERS :-
• On 24 october 2019, RICHARD ROKYTA done his research on blood
pressure measurement in patients with cardiogenic shock: the effect of
norepinephrine. And the result revealed that the treatment with very high
doses of norepinephrine was associated with a steep rise in mean arterial
pressures and SBP invasive/oscillometric differences (-9.5 ± 3.3 and -8.5 ±
5.2 mmHg).