Blood Pressure Regulation & Measurement | Physiology Easy notes slides | Pharm D | MBBS

1. BLOOD PRESSURE &
IT’S REGULATION
Dr.Luqman

2. SLO
• DEFINITION
• TYPES OF PRESSURE
• VARIATIONS
• REGULATION OF BP
• FACTORS MAINTAINING ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
• VASOMOTOR CENTER
• APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

3. • Definitions
• Arterial blood pressure is defined as the lateral pressure exerted by
the column of blood on wall of arteries. when blood flows
through the arteries.
• Generally, the term ‘blood pressure’ refers to arterial blood pressure.
Arterial blood pressure is expressed in four different terms:
1. Systolic blood pressure - - 120 ± 20 mmHg (ADULTS)
2. Diastolic blood pressure - 74 ± 16 mmHg (ADULTS)
3. Pulse pressure
4. Mean arterial blood pressure.

4. WHAT DO SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD
PRESSURE INDICATE? WHAT IS ITS CLINICAL
SIGNIFICANCE?
• Systolic B.P. Indicates cardiac output.
• Diastolic B.P. Indicates peripheral resistance.
• Systolic B.P. Is the maximum pressure the blood vessels
have to withstand.
• Diastolic blood pressure is the measure of work load on
heart.

5. VARIATIONS
•Blood pressure is altered in physiological and
pathological conditions.

6. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS
1. Age
2. Sex - in females, up to the period of menopause, arterial pressure is
5 mm Hg, less than in males of same age.
After menopause, the pressure in females becomes equal to that in
males of same age.
3. Body built - pressure is more in obese persons than in lean persons.
4. Diurnal variation - in early morning, the pressure is slightly low. It
gradually increases and reaches the maximum at noon. It becomes low
in evening.

7. 5. After meals
• Arterial blood pressure is increased for few hours after meals due to increase in
cardiac output.
6. During sleep
• Usually, the pressure is reduced up to 15 to 20 mm hg during deep sleep.
However, it increases slightly during sleep associated with dreams.
7. Emotional conditions
• During excitement or anxiety, the blood pressure is increased due to release of
adrenaline.
8. After exercise
• After moderate exercise, systolic pressure increases by 20 to 30 mm hg above the
basal level due to increase in rate and force of contraction and stroke volume.

8. PATHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS
•Pathological variations of arterial blood pressure are
hypertension and hypotension.

12. NERVOUS MECHANISM CONSIST:
1. Baroreceptor reflexes
2. Central nervous system ischaemic response
3. Chemoreceptor reflexes

14. 1.BARORECEPTOR REFLEX:

15. 2.CNS ISCHEMIC RESPONSE: BP below: 50mmHG

16. 3.Chemoreceptor Reflex:

20. 2.Regulation of blood pressure by
reninangiotensin-Aldosterone:
INDIRECT MECHANISM:

22. 3.HORMONAL REGULATIONS:

24. 4.LOCAL MECHANISM:
*Local Vaso Constrictor
*Local Vasodialators

26. *OTHER REFLEXS:

27. 1.MAREY REFLEX (CARDIO-INHIBITORY REFLEX):

28. 2. BRAIN BRIDGE REFLEX:

30. PATHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN BP:

33. TYPES OF BLOOD
PRESSURE:

34. MAP = 90-100 mmHg

35. systolic = 120 mmHg
Diastolic = 80 mmHg

36. MEASUREMENT OF BP:

37. VIA SPYGMOMANOMETER

38. mercury manometer
CUFF
inflation bulb
Rubber tube

44. THESE SOUNDS ARE CALLED
KORTKOFF SOUNDS

47. Thanks For Reading ❤