Nursing education

1. HYPERTENSION
BY
MR.RAVISHANKKAR
NURSING TUTOR
OJASWINI NURSING COLLEGE, SAGAR

2. INTRODUCTION:-
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood
pressure that is higher than normal. blood pressure
changes throughout the day based on our activities.
It is A condition in which the force of the blood against the
artery walls is too high.

3. DEFINITION:-
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure, is a long term
medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is
persistently elevated.
i.e. the SBP will be more than or equal of 140 mmHg and DBP will be
more than or equal of 90 mmHg.

4. TYPES:-
Pre hypertension:- SBP: 120-139 mmHg
DBP: 80-89 mmHg
Hypertension stage I :- SBP: 140-159mmHg
DBP : 90-99mmHg
Hypertension stage II :- SBP : more or equal to 160 mmHg
DBP : more or equal to 100 mmHg
Pregnancy induced HTN :- because of increased production of hormones and enzymes
during pregnancy.

5. CAUSES/ ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTOR

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:-
Due to etiological factors
Increased peripheral resistance
Decreased venous compliance
Increased venous return
Increased cardiac preload
Diastolic dysfunction

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:-

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-

10. MANAGEMENT:-
Mainly the management of hypertension is possible by 2 ways,
which includes-
Life style modification
Pharmacological therapy

11. LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION MEASURES MAINLY
INCLUDES:-
Weight reduction
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
Dietary sodium reduction
Reduce alcohol
Exercise
Stress management

12. PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT:-
Various group of drugs are used for the treatment of hypertension, collectively these
drug are called as anti- hypertensive drugs which includes-
Diuretics:- it helps the kidney to inhibit the sodium re-absorption. E.g. furosemide.
Beta blockers:- it helps to reduces the workload of the heart and blood vessel and
causing the heart to beat slowly and with less force. Eg. Atenolol, propranolol.
Alpha blockers:- these medications causes the peripheral vasodilation of blood
vessels. Eg. Prazosin.
Continued………..

13. Vasodilators:- it acting directly on the muscles in the wall of arteries and
preventing the muscles from tightening and arteries from narrowing. Eg.
Nitroglycerin.
Calcium channel blockers:- it will block the movement of extra cellular calcium
into the cell and causing decreased heart rate. Eg. Amlodipine, Varapamil.
Alterative therapies which are helps to regulate blood pressure includes
Acupressure, relaxation techniques and diversional therapies.

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
Proper history collection
Dietary habits should be assessed.
Identify the medical history such as diabetes.
Instruct the patient to avoid smoking & alcoholism.
Auscultate heart rate and palpate peripheral pulses.
Identify the use of medication such as contaceprtives, steroids etc.
Monitor vital sign.
Provide low sodium diet.