Blood is a vital fluid connective tissue in the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues while removing waste products. Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. Blood makes up about 7% of the total body weight of an adult, with an average volume of about 5 liters in males and 4.5 liters in females. Blood is constantly replenished through a process called Haematopoiesis, which occurs in the bone marrow.

1. Presented by: Yeshwant Rao B
Blood its functions,
composition, and
Haemopoiesis

2. Blood
01
Table of contents
Functions of blood
02
Components of Blood
03
Haemopoiesis
04
• Cellular
• Non-Cellular

3. Blood and its
functions
1

4. Blood
• Blood is a vital fluid connective tissue in the body.
• It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues
while removing waste products.
• Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY.
• Blood makes up about 7% of the total body weight of an
adult, with an average volume of about 5 liters in males
and 4.5 liters in females.
• Blood is constantly replenished through a process called
Haematopoiesis, which occurs in the bone marrow.

5. Functions of
Blood
2

6. • Transport: Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
and waste products throughout the body.
• Regulation: Blood helps regulate several physiological
processes in the body, such as pH balance, body
temperature, and electrolyte balance

7. • Immune Defense: Blood plays a crucial role in the
immune system, which helps protect the body
against infection and disease.
• Hormone Delivery: Blood transports hormones
produced by various glands to target organs and
tissues throughout the body.

8. • Acid-Base Balance: Blood helps maintain the proper
pH balance in the body.
• Heat Distribution: Blood helps regulate body
temperature by distributing heat from the body's core
to the skin's surface.
• Waste Removal: Blood carries waste products, such as
carbon dioxide and urea, to the organs responsible for
their removal.

9. Components of
Blood
3

10. Components of Blood
Non-Cellular Cellular

11. Cellular Components of Blood
Blood Corpuscles
RBCs
WBCs
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
Neutrophill Eosinophill
Basophill Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Platelets

12. Cellular Components
of Blood
RBCs/
Erythrocytes

13. RBCs/Erythrocytes
• The primary function of RBCs is to deliver oxygen from
the lungs to all the tissues of the body.
• RBCs are a significant cellular component of blood and
are responsible for imparting blood with its characteristic
red colour.
• They are biconcave, circular and enucleated shaped cells.
• Average life span of RBCs is of 120 days.
• There are about 4.2 to 5.7 million RBCs per cu.mm in an
adult male and 3.6 to 5.2 million in an adult female.
• RBCs are produced in the red bone marrow

14. Platelets
• Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments
that play a crucial role in blood clotting.
• The normal platelet count in a healthy adult is typically between
150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.
• Platelets have a lifespan of about 7-10 days in the bloodstream
before they are removed by the liver and spleen.
• Platelets are important for forming blood clots, which stop
bleeding after an injury or surgery.
• When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets are activated and form
a plug to seal the site of injury.
• Platelets can also play a role in inflammation and immune
responses, as they release cytokines and other molecules that
attract immune cells to the site of injury or infection.

15. WBCs/ Leukocytes
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
Neutrophill Eosinophill
Basophill Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Cellular Components of Blood

16. WBCs/Leukocytes
• WBCs are a part of the immune
system and help fight infection and
defend the body against other foreign
materials.
• Different types of white blood cells
have different jobs. Some are involved
in recognizing intruders while others
kill harmful bacteria.

17. Granulocytes
Neutrophill Eosinophill
Basophill

18. NEUTROPHILL
• Constitutes
about 52 to 61%
of total WBCs
• Cytoplasmic
Granules are
stained with
neutral dyes.
• Phagocytes and
engulfs micro-
organisms
EOSINOPHIL
• Constitutes 3%
of total WBCs.
• Cytoplasmic
granules which
are stained with
acidic dyes such
as eosin.
• Increases during
ellergic
reactions.
• Shows anit-
histamine
property
BASOPHIL
• Constitutes 0.6%
of total WBCs
• Cytoplasmic
granules are
stained with
basic dyes.
• Twisted nucleus.
• Releases heparin
(anti-coagulant)
and histamine
aswell.

19. Agranulocytes
Monocyte
Lymphocyte

20. LYMPHOCYTE
• Constitutes about
24% to 33% of total
WBCs.
• Large round
nucleus.
• It produces
antibodies and is
responsible for the
immune response
of the body.
MONOCYTE
• Constitutes about
3% to 9% of total
WBCs
• Large kidney
shaped nucleus.
• They are
phagocytic in
function hence
they are known as
scavengers.

21. Non-Cellular
component of Blood
PLASMA

22. Plasma
• Blood plasma is the liquid portion of blood and makes up
about 55% of total blood volume.
Functions of plasma:
• Helping to maintain blood pressure and volume.
• Supplying critical proteins for blood clotting and
immunity.
• Carrying electrolytes such as sodium and potassium to
muscles.
• Helping to maintain a proper pH balance in the body
which supports cell function.

23. Composition of Plasma
• Plasma is composed of about 92%
water, 7% vital proteins such as
albumin, gamma globulin and anti-
haemophilic factor, and 1% mineral
salts, sugars, fats, hormones and
vitamins.

24. Haemopoiesis
4

25. • The process of formation of blood cells and platelets is called
as Haematopoiesis.
• This process takes place in the bone marrow.
• It involves the differentiation and maturation of stem cells
(HSCs) into the various types of blood cells that make up the
circulating blood.
• All blood cellular components are derived from a
haematopoietic stem cells.
• The stem cells that give rise to blood cells are called
haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

27. • HSCs can differentiate into two types of progenitor cells: lymphoid
progenitor cells and myeloid progenitor cells.
• Lymphoid progenitor cells give rise to lymphocytes, which are a
type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
• Myeloid progenitor cells give rise to erythrocytes (RBCs),
leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).
• The process of haemopoiesis is regulated by various growth
factors and cytokines, including erythropoietin, thrombopoietin,
and interleukins.

28. • Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red
blood cells
• Thrombopoietin stimulates the production of platelets.

29. • Different blood cell types have different lifespans in the body. For
example, red blood cells live for around 120 days, while white blood
cells can live for days to years.
• When blood cells reach the end of their lifespan, they are broken
down and their components are recycled by the body

30. THANK YOU!