Oral Anatomy DR.PRIYADHARSHINI

1. Blood and nerve
supply to teeth
DR.N.PRIYADHARSINI
DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY
SRM DENTAL COLLEGE, RAMAPURAM

2. Blood supply of teeth
 The arterial supply to the jaw bones and the teeth comes from the
maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery
 The branches of the maxillary artery that feed the teeth directly are the
inferior alveolar artery and the superior alveolar arteries

3.  One of the terminal branches of the
external carotid artery, the maxillary
artery is the artery of the jaws and
teeth.
 It originates from the external carotid
artery behind the neck of the
mandible.

4.  The course of the maxillary artery is divided into three parts by its relation
to the lateral pterygoid muscle.
 From the neck of the mandible, it runs across the lower border of lower
head of lateral pterygoid muscle and then crosses between the two heads
of lateral pterygoid to go through the pterygomaxillary fissure and reach
the pterygopalatine fossa.
 Various branches are given off during the entire course, supplying
numerous structures

6. BRANCHES:
Mandibular
Pterygoid
Pterygopalatine

7. MAXILLARY ARTERY-Pterygopalatine
branch
 Posterior superior alveolar
branch: This branch is given off
before the maxillary artery enters
the pterygomaxillary fi ssure.
 The arteries perforate the
posterior surface of the maxilla to
supply the teeth of upper jaw—
the premolars and molars—and
the maxillary sinus.

8. MAXILLARY ARTERY-Pterygopalatine
branch
 Infraorbital branch: This branch passes
through the inferior orbital fissure to
reach the floor of the orbit. It runs over
the
 infraorbital groove and then into the
infraorbital canal to finally open onto
the face through the infraorbital
foramen, which is present below the
lower margin of orbit. Branches of the
infraorbital artery are as follows:
 (i) Branches before exiting the orbit:
Anterior superior alveolar branches that
supply the canine and incisors
 (ii) Branches after exiting the orbit:
Branches to the lacrimal sac, nose and
upper lip

9. Inferior alveolar artery
 The inferior alveolar artery branches
from the maxillary artery medial to the
ramus of the mandible.
 Protected by the sphenomandibular
ligament, it gives off the mylohyoid
branch, which rests in the mylohyoid
groove of the mandible and continues
along on the medial side under the
mylohyoid line.
 After giving off the mylohyoid branch, it
immediately enters the mandibular
foramen and continues downward and
forward through the mandibular canal,
giving off branches to the premolar and
molar teeth.

10.  In the vicinity of the mental foramen,
it divides into a mental and an incisive
branch.
 The mental branch passes through the
mental foramen to supply the tissues
of the chin
 The incisive branch continues forward
in the bone to supply the anterior
teeth and bone and to anastomose
with those of the opposite side.

12. Nerve supply
 The sensory nerve supply to the jaws and teeth is derived from the
maxillary and mandibular branches of the fifth cranial, or trigeminal nerve

14. Maxillary nerve
 It is the second division of the
trigeminal nerve and is positioned
between the ophthalmic and
mandibular divisions. It is sensory in
function, carrying sensations from the
maxillary region.
BRANCHES:
 Cranium
 Pterygopalatine fossa
 Infraorabital canal
 Face

17.  The posterior superior alveolar branches
- are given off from the main trunk
before it reaches the infraorbital groove
in the pterygopalatine fossa.
 They run vertically down towards the
maxillary tuberosity. Several tiny
branches arise to innervate the gums
and adjacent mucous membrane of the
cheek.
 Later, they penetrate the infratemporal
surface of the maxilla to enter the
posterior alveolar canals and supply the
lining of maxillary sinus as well as
provide pulpal innervation to molar
teeth by passing through the foramina
at the root apices of teeth.

18.  The middle superior alveolar branch
arises in the posterior part of the
infraorbital canal. It takes a course
along the lateral wall of the maxillary
sinus to provide pulpal innervation to
the two premolar teeth and the
associated buccal mucoperiosteum.

19.  The anterior superior alveolar branch
originates from the main nerve just
before its exit from the infraorbital
foramen. It reaches the incisors and
canines by running across a canal in
the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus
and provides pulpal innervation

20. Mandibular nerve

21.  The mandibular nerve leaves the skull through the foramen ovale and
almost immediately breaks up into its several branches.
 The chief branch to the lower jaw is the inferior alveolar nerve, which at
first runs directly downward across the medial surface of the lateral
pterygoid,
 at the lower border of which it is directed laterally and downward across
the outer surface of the medial pterygoid muscle to reach the mandibular
foramen

22.  The inferior alveolar nerve continues
forward through the mandibular canal
beneath the roots of the molar teeth
to the level of the mental foramen.
 During this part of its course, it gives
off branches to the molar and
premolar teeth and their supporting
bone and soft tissues.

23.  At the mental foramen, the nerve
divides and a smaller incisive branch
continues forward to supply the
anterior teeth and bone, and a larger
mental branch emerges through the
foramen to supply the skin of the
lower lip and chin.

24.  The buccal nerve, although chiefly distributed to the mucosa of the cheek,
has a branch that is usually distributed to a small area of the buccal gingiva
in the first molar area, but in some cases, its distribution may extend from
the canine to the third molar.
 The lingual nerve, as it enters the floor of the mouth, lies against the body
of the mandible and has mucosal branches to a variable area of lingual
mucosa and gingiva.

25.  The mylohyoid nerve may sometimes continue its course forward on the
lower surface of the mylohyoid muscle and enter the mandible through
small foramina on either side of the midline.
 In some individuals, it is thought to contribute to the innervation of
central incisors and periodontal ligament.