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Similar to Block flow diagrams, Process flow diagrams, and Process and Instrumentation Diagrams
Block flow diagrams, Process flow diagrams, and Process and Instrumentation Diagrams
- 1. BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF BFD,PFD AND P&IDs 1 By: Azmul Haq (Process Engineering)
- 2. Contents 1. Block FlowDiagram 2. Process Flow Diagram o Equipment Symbols, Streams on PFD o Process Unit Tagging & Numbering 3. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram o Temperature Control System o Developing P&ID o Tag Numbers & Description for Instruments o ISA Identification Letters o Location of Instruments o Piping connections & Symbols o Line Number Format o Piping Specifications o Fluid Symbols or Codes 2
- 3. 3 Levels ofDiagrams Block Flow Diagram (BFD) Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) – often referred to as Mechanical Flow Diagram Complexity Increases Conceptual understanding Increases
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- 5. CAN Plant BFD Ammonium NitrateSolution Unit Evaporation Concentration Granulation Drying Sieving Product Conditioning Bulk Storage / Bagging Ammonia Nitric Acid Steam Vent Gases Air/Steam Vent Gases Lime Grinding Unit Lime Stone Dried Lime from NP Plant Vent Gases Hot Air Vent Gases Oil/Amine Air
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- 7. Process Flow Diagram •Indicate general flow of plant processes and equipment • 04 Key Parts PFD 1. Major Pieces of Equipment 2. Process Flow 3. Utility Streams 4. Basic Control Loops
- 8. Process Flow Diagram PFDincludes following information; • Flow rate • Composition • Operating Conditions e.g. P , T, etc. • Heat Duty added or removed • Utility Streams e.g. Steam, Cooling Water, Chilled Water etc. • Major Equipment Symbols, names and identification • Any other specific information which is useful in understanding the process. For example, symbolic presentation of a hazard, safety precautions, sequence of flow, etc.
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- 11. Process Unit Taggingand Numbering General Format X-YYY-A/B X is equipment tag C/CT – Compressor/Turbine E/H - Heat Exchanger P - Pump R - Reactor T - Tower TK - Storage Tank D - Vessel B- Blower FIL- Filter YYY – Equipment Number A/B - identifies parallel units or backup units
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- 13. P&ID • Detailed graphicalrepresentation of a process including the hardware and software (i.e. piping, equipment, and instrumentation). • A P&ID shows all piping, including the “physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation and control interlocks. • P&IDs play a key role in maintaining and modifying the process they describe, because it is important to demonstrate the physical sequence of equipment and systems, including how these systems connect.
- 14. Key Features ofP&ID The following list outlines the items that typically are found in a P&ID: • Instrumentation and designations • Mechanical equipment with names and numbers • All valves and their identifications • Process piping, sizes, and identification • Flow directions • Control inputs and outputs, interlocks • Computer control system • Identification of components and subsystems delivered by the process
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- 19. Tag Number &Description
- 20. ISA S5.1 IdentificationLetters • FC Flow Controller PT Pressure Transmitter • FE Flow Element PTD Pressure Transducer • FI Flow Indicator FT Flow Transmitter • LC Level Controller FS Flow Switch • LG Level Gauge LR Level Recorder • FIC Flow Indicating Controller FCV Flow Control Valve • LT Level Transmitter FRC Flow Recording Controller • LS Level Switch LIC Level Indicating Controller • PC Pressure Controller LCV Level Control Valve • PG Pressure Gauge LRC Level Recording Controller • PI Pressure Indicator PR Pressure Recorder
- 21. ISA S5.1 IdentificationLetters • TE Temperature Element PS Pressure Switch • TI Temperature Indicator PIC Pressure Indicating Controller • TR Temperature Recorder PCV Pressure Control Valve • TS Temperature Switch PRC Pressure Recording Controller • TC Temperature Controller PDI Pressure Differential Indicator • TT Temperature Transmitter PDR Pressure Differential Recorder • PDS Pressure Differential Switch PDT Pressure Differential Transmitter
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- 23. Instruments that arefield mounted. Instruments that are mounted on process plant (i.e sensor that mounted on pipeline or process equipments. Field mounted on pipeline Instrument Location
- 24. Instruments that areboard mounted Instruments that are mounted on control board. Instrument Location
- 25. Instruments that areboard mounted (invisible). Instruments that are mounted behind a control panel board. Instrument Location
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- 27. Piping Symbols &Connections
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- 32. • American NationalStandards Institute / International Society of Automation ISA S5-1 • International Standards Organization 14617-6 • Software: MS Visio, Smart P&ID, AutoCAD P&ID, etc PFD and P&ID Standards
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