Flight recorders, also known as black boxes, record key parameters during flight such as cockpit audio and aircraft performance data. There are two main types: the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) which uses multiple cockpit microphones to record pilots' conversations, and the flight data recorder (FDR) which records over 100 parameters using sensors throughout the aircraft. Both are designed to withstand extreme conditions like fires and underwater immersion. Following an accident, recovering the flight recorders is a high priority for investigating the causes through analysis of the recorded data.

1. FLIGHT RECORDERS
VISHAKH V THAMPY
ENGINEERIN TRAINEE

2. INTRODUCTION
Flight recorder, byname black box,
instrument that records the performance
and condition of an aircraft in flight.
It records specific parameters of
performance of aircraft.
One important component is CVR.

4. CVR BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. COCKPIT VOICE RECORERS (CVRs)
 There are several microphones built into the
cockpit to track the conversations of the flight
crew.
 Here are the positions of the microphones:
1. Pilot's headset
2. Co-pilot's headset
3. Near the center of the cockpit

6. WORKING
They use a continuous loop of tape that completes a
cycle every 30 minutes.
 As new material is recorded, the oldest material is
replaced.
 The recordings are digitized and stored.
Most magnetic tape CVRs store the last 30 minutes
of sound

7. FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS (FDR)
The FDR is designed to record the operating data
from the plane's systems
There are sensors that are wired from various areas
on the plane to the flight-data acquisition unit,
which is wired to the FDR.
Potential to record up to 100 parameters.

8. FDR SCHEMATIC

9. SURVIVAL TEST
• Fire test - The unit sits inside the fire at 2,000
degrees Fahrenheit (1,100 C) for one hour.
• Other tests include:
1. Deep-sea submersion
2. Salt-water submersion
3. Fluid immersion

10. UNDERWATER LOCATOR
BEACON
If a plane crashes into
the water, this beacon
sends out an ultrasonic
pulse readily detectable
by sonar.
The beacon sends out
pulses at 37.5 (kHz) and
can transmit sound as
deep as 14,000 feet
Beacon is powered by a
battery that has a shelf
life of six years

11. ADVANTAGES
• It is very useful for accident investigations.
• The mistakes or error can be avoided in other aircrafts
DISADVANTAGES
The voice recorder only captures the final last two
hours.
The battery life is short.
It is a small object to find.
It doesn’t float.
The pinger’s range is only a few miles.

12. APPLICATION
•Black boxes such as EDR can be used in vehicles.
•Online streaming from airplanes to base station.

13. CONCLUSION
The data recorded by the FDR are used for
accident and incident investigation.
 They are carefully engineered.
Following an accident, the recovery of the
FDR is usually a high priority.

14. REFERENCE
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_recorder
•https://www.ntsb.gov/news/Pages/cvr_fdr.aspx
•mechstuff.com/flight-recordersblack-boxes/

15. THANK YOU