This document summarizes the process of constructing a bituminous pavement. It discusses the different layers including subgrade, sub-base, and base course. It then explains the various techniques for constructing the wearing course, including hot mix and cold mix methods. Specific techniques covered are prime coat, tack coat, bituminous macadam, seal coat, and use of bitumen emulsions. Maintenance of existing bituminous roads is also briefly addressed.
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
This is the overview of the selected site which was in lucknow. We give the solution of the waterlockege on the the earthen road and provide the suitable method for road construction work on this particular portion. No other type roads are not survive long as compare to rigid pavement.
Report on construction of WBM road in village Dassal of District Rajouri, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a comprehensive report which can be used for various scientific research studies. This report has been prepared and drafted after perfromance of all the required field tests as per Bureau of Indian Standards.
This is the overview of the selected site which was in lucknow. We give the solution of the waterlockege on the the earthen road and provide the suitable method for road construction work on this particular portion. No other type roads are not survive long as compare to rigid pavement.
Report on construction of WBM road in village Dassal of District Rajouri, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a comprehensive report which can be used for various scientific research studies. This report has been prepared and drafted after perfromance of all the required field tests as per Bureau of Indian Standards.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Vivek Gupta (CE-4th REC AZAMGARH)
1. A
Summer Training Presentation on
Road Modification and Construction
submitted for partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted to -:
CHAITNYA NIDHI ( ASST.PROFESSOR) Submitted By -:
VIVEK KUMAR GUPTA (2007360000059)
2. CONTENT
1. PAVEMENT
2. TYPES OF PAVEMENT
3. BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
4. CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
5. TYPES OF BITUMINOUS CONSTRUCTION
6. MAINTENANCE OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
7. SUMMARY
3. What is a pavement ?
3
• A structure to carry vehicle wheel load
– safely
– smoothly
– at a faster rate
– without any deformation
7. Comparison
7
Flexible
• Flexible in nature
• Grain to grain load transfer
• Multiple layers of
Subgrade, sub base, Base
course and Surface course
• Low initial cost
• High maintenance cost
• Eg. Bituminous road, WBM
Rigid
• Rigid in nature
• Load transfer by slab action
• Slab directly put over
subgrade or a sub-base
course
• High initial cost
• Low maintenance cost
• Eg. Cement Concrete road
9. Bituminous Pavement Construction
Bitumen
• Distillation of petroleum crude oil
• Hydrocarbon of high molecular weight
• Form can be gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid
Tar
• Destructive distillation of coal or wood
• More temperature sensitive than bitumen
• Carcinogenic material
9
11. Bituminous Pavement Construction
11
Hot mix technique – Bitumen require proper
heating to attain viscosity before mixing with
aggregates
Cold mix technique – Cutback and
emulsion do not require heating of the
binder
12. General Construction Procedure
12
1. Formation of subgrade soil
Soil exploration to check the dry density of soil
For week soil up to 50 cm depth should be
replaced with good soil (2 layers of 25 cm thick is
compacted)
Criteria –95 % of proctor density
achieved
Proper longitudinal slope for drainage
Proper camber is provided
should be
13. General Construction Procedure (Contd)
13
2. Preparation of Sub-base course
Granular Sub-Base (GSB)
Broken stone (60 mm down), quarry dust and water
100 mm to 150 mm
Wet Mix Macadam (WMM)
Broken stone (40 mm down), quarry dust and water
Properly mixed, laid and compacted
150 mm to 200 mm
Static compactors are used
14. General Construction Procedure (Contd)
3. Preparation of base course
Prime Coat
Tack Coat
Bituminous Macadam
4. Preparation of wearing course
Tack Coat
Seal coat or Bituminous Concrete
Explained in
next slides
14
15. Bituminous pavement construction techniques
15
Interface
treatment
• Prime coat
• Tack coat
Grouted or
penetration
• Penetration
Macadam
• Built up
spray grout
Premix
pavement
• Bituminous
Macadam
• Bituminous
Concrete
• Mastic
Asphalt
Surface
dressing
• Seal coat
• Bituminous
Concrete
16. Types of bituminous construction
Interface
treatment
Prime Coat Tack Coat
16
17. Interface treatment
17
To provide necessary bond between old and new
pavement layers
a) Prime Coat -:
First application of low viscosity bitumen is used
To plug the capillary voids
To bind loose mineral particles on the existing
porous pavement
24 hours curing
Rate of application is 7.3 to 14.6 kg/10m2
19. Interface treatment (Contd)
b) Tack Coat-:
Viscous bituminous material over existing
impervious pavement surface (bituminous or CC)
Rate of application is 4.9 to 9.8 kg/10m2
19
20. Bituminous pavement construction techniques
Interface
treatment
20
• Prime coat
• Tack coat
Grouted or
penetration
• Penetration
Macadam
• Built up
spray grout
Premix
pavement
• Bituminous
Macadam
• Bituminous
Concrete
• Mastic
Asphalt
Surface
dressing
• Seal coat
• Bituminous
Concrete
21. Bituminous Surface Dressing (BSD)
Seal Coat -:
– Very thin surface dressing
– Provided over an existing
black top
– 9 mm thick using 6mm stone
• Functions
– To seal the surface to prevent water ingress
– To provide skid resistant surface
21
25. Bituminous pavement construction techniques
Interface
treatment
• Prime coat
• Tack coat
Grouted or
penetration
• Penetration
Macadam
• Built up
spray grout
• Bituminous
Macadam
• Bituminous
Concrete
• Mastic
Asphalt
Surface
dressing
• Seal coat
• Bituminous
Concrete
HOT MIX
25
METHODS
Premix
pavement
26. Cold Mix Techniques
Bituminous emulsions-:
A mixture of emulsifiers and fine bitumen droplets(as
suspended particles) in water.
Emulsifiers add charge to droplets and keeps them in
suspension
Bitumen droplets having high affinity to aggregates,
make a quick and strong bond with aggregates, once
applied on road surface
Water then evaporates
26
