The document provides details about a summer internship project report submitted by Ritwiz Kumar for a vocational training program at the Road Construction Division of the Bihar Public Works Department. The report includes an index and sections on types of roads, types of pavements, an introduction to bitumen and bituminous roads, bituminous road layers, and equipment used for road construction. It provides information about the internship dates and organization and acknowledges those who supported the training experience.

1. BTUMMINOU ROAD CONSTRUCTION
BIHAR PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION DIVISION-BHAGALPUR
SUMMER INERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
B.TECH
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Start date of training End date of training
28.07.2018 27.08.2018
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Department of CIVIL RITWIZ KUMAR
Engineering Roll no-2015101001
A.M.I.T. BANKA Reg.no-15101119002

2. INDEX
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF ROAD
 TYPES OF PAVEMENT
 INTRODUCTION TO BITUMEN
 INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS
ROAD
 BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER
 EQUIPMENTS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION

3. CERTIFICATE

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Presentation on summer training held at construction
village road under the Public Work Department Road
Division Bhagalpur.
I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to Public
Work Department as well as S.K.Shahi Construction for
having provide me with an unbelievable practical
learning experience during summer training .It was
indeed a pleasure to be a such a pert of such a
organization .
First and foremost I would like to thank Executive Er.
Ram Shakal Singh and special thanks to Site Er. Ranjit
kumar Singh and assistance Er. Anil kumar Jha, who
support me through inspiring towards this report .He
had provided me a nice site experience

5. INTRODUCTION
Development of country depends on the connectivity
of various place with adequate road network. Road are
the major channel of transportation for carrying goods
and passenger .They play in significant role of the
socio-economic standards of a region .Road constitute
the most important mode of communication in area
where Railways have not developed much and form
the basic infra-structure for the development and
economic growth of country .The benefits From the
investment in road sector are indirect, long term and
not immediately visible. Road are import assets for any
nation . India are large country having huge resource of
materials .If these local material are used properly, the
cost of construction can be reduces .There are various
type of pavement which differ in their suitability in
different environment .Each type of pavement has its
own merits and demerits . India has one of largest road
networks in the world (over 3 million km at
present).We are going to the vocational training on the
16.602km length of flexible pavement.For the purpose
of management roads are following types:

6. TYPE OF ROAD
• National Highway(NH)
• State Highway(SH)
• Major District Road(MDR)
• Other District Road(ODR)
• Village Road(VR)
The National Highway is intended to facilitate medium
and long distance inter –city passenger and freight
traffic across the country .The state Highway are
supposed to carry the traffic along major centers
within the state .Other District Road provided villages
accessibility to meet their social needs as also the
means to transport produce from village to near by
markets .Major District Road are provided the
secondary function of linkage between main road and
rural road .

7. The Road networktype:-
CATEGORIES LENGTH(KMS)
Primary Road systemcovering national highway 38445
Secondary road systemcovering state highway 133000
Other district roads including major district roads ,
roads & village roads 2846400
Point of view geographic and population of state
in the nation largest state .State Industrial
,economy and social development of state and
the population of each village is absolutely
necessary to re-connect to the main road. In
addition to state important national roads , state
road and district road and their proper broad be
made to improve their quality of traffic point of
view is of particular importance .Public Work
Department to build road and improve
connectivity in rural zones, Other district road and
improvement of rural road and main route narrow
construction of zone and depleted bridges and
bridge reconstruction of base are transcated on a
priority basic .

8. TYPE OF PAVEMENT
PAVEMENT
Pavement or Road I an open , generally public way
for passageof vehicles , people and animals .
Pavement is finished with a hard smooth surface .
It helped make them durable and able to
withstand traffic and the environment . They have
a life span of between 20-30 years.
PURPOSE
Many people rely on paved roads to move themselves
and their products .
TYPE OF PAVEMENT
There are mainly two types of pavement depending
upon the material used .
1.Rigid pavement
2.Flexible pavement

9. 1) RIGID PAVEMENT
Rigid pavements , through costly in initial investment ,
are cheap in long run because of low maintenance
cost. There are various merits in the use of rigid or
summarizedbelow:-
The demand for bitumen in coming year is likely to
grow steeply,far outstripping the availability.hence
it will be in India’s interest to explore alternative
binder.Cement is available in sufficient quantity in
India,and its availability in the future is also
assured.
Beside the easy available of cement,concrete road
have a long life and are practically maintenance-
free.
Another major advantage of concrete roads in the
saving in fuel by commercial vehicles to an extent
of 14-20%.The fuel saving themselves support a
large programme of concreting.
Cement concrete road save a substantial quantity
of stone aggregate and this factor must be
consider when a choice pavement is made.

10. Though cement concrete road may cost slightly
more then a flexible pavement initially,they are
economical when whole-life-costing is considered.
INTRODUCTION TO BIUTIMEN
2) FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Bitumen has widely used in the construction of flexible
pavement for a long time.This is most convenient and
simple type of construction.the cost of construction of
single lane bituminous pavement varies from 20 to 30
lacks per km in plain area.
 Bitumen is a black or dark colored or viscous
cementitious substance having an adhesive
properties.
1)It consist chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarbons
derived from distillation of petroleum or natural
asphalt.
2)It is semi-solid hydrocarbons product produced by
removing the lighter friction such as liquid petroleum
gas , petrol and diesel from heavy crude oil during
the refining process.
3)Bitumen is often confused with tar.Although bitumen
and coal tar similarly black and sticky,they are
distinctly different substance in origin,chemical
composition and in their properties.

11. ORIGIN :-Asphalt material have been utilized since 3500
B.C .In building and road construction.Their main uses
have been as adhesive and water proof agents.
INTRODUCTION TO BUTIMINOUS ROAD
Bituminous road is road constructed by using
bitumen.It is also called flexible pavement because
it change it shape according to nature of load and
sub base.
 A road or pavement is a structure consisting of
superimposed layer of proceed materials above
the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary
function is to distribute the applied vehicle
loads to the subgrade.

12. CONSTITUENTS OF BITUMEN MIX:-
• Coarse aggregate(retained on 4.75mm sieve)
• Fine aggregate(passing 4.75mm sieve but retained on
75micro)
• Finer(passing 75 micro)may be cement
• Binder: bitumen
BITUMEN ROAD LAYER
Mainly four types of layer has present in flexible
pavement they are:-
1) Sub-grade course
2) Sub-base course

13. 3) Base course
4) Surface course
Sub-grade course:-
Top of the ground on which the foundation of road rest is
called sub grade.The sub grade material is cleaned and
free from organic matter and should be compacted by
roller, to from stable sub base.Its thickness is 20-30cm.
SUB-BASE COURSE:-
It is layer of granular material provided above sub
grade generally natural gravel.It is usually not provided
on sub grade of good quality.its thickness is 10-15cm.

14. BASE COURSE:-
It is the layer immediately under the wearing
surface (Applied whether the wearing surface is
bituminous or cements concrete and whether it’s a thick
or thin bituminous layer).its thickness is 10-15cm.
SURFACE COURSE:-
The top layers of pavement which is in direct contact
with the wheel of the vehicle. Usually constructed of
material in which bitumen is used as binder materials.
Its thickness is 25-50mm.

15. Equipment uses in road construction:-
1.) Motor Grader
commonly referred to as road grader or a maintainer, motor
grader is equipment used to create flat surfaces for asphalt to be
placed on.

16. 2.) Asphalt Mixing Plant
An asphalt plant is used for the manufacture of asphalt concrete
and other forms of coated road-stone used in road construction
projects.
It combines mineral aggregates, sand and a filler – in correct
proportions, heats the mixture and then coats it with a binder.
The plant then keeps the final product heated to avoid setting
before the product is laid down in layers.

17. 3)Crawler Excavator
Also referred to as diggers, excavators are heavy
construction equipment used for excavating earth and
rocks and loading them onto a dump trucks.
4) Rollers:-
Rollers are heavy road construction machines
used for compacting hot and therefore
flexible asphalt pavements.