it is just to learn about the bioterrorism. issues with biology and their related fields. it also aid into resolve the problems related with biology.

2. BIOTERRORISM
PresentedBy:
2015-ag-1119
M.Sc Zoology Semester 3rd 2016
Sadia Rabbani

3. Contents:
 Definition of bioterrorism
 Main agents
 Reason for use of biologically active agents
 Methods of spread
 Agents that cause bioterrorism
 History of bioterrorism
 Detection of bioterrorism attack
 Advantages of advance warning
 Protective measures against the bioterrorism
 References

4. What is bioterrorism?
 Bioterrorism is the deliberate use of microorganisms
or the poisonous compounds that can be produced
by some microbial agents as weapons.
 These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and
may be in a naturally occurring or a human-
modified form.

5. Main agents:
 Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
 Clostridium botulinum (botulism)
 Francis Ella tularensis subsp
 Tularensis (valley fever)
 Yersinia pestis (the plague)

6. Reason for use of biologically active
agents
 Easy to spread
 Cannot cause illness for several hours to days
 Some agents can spread from person to person
 Cannot be detected easily
 They can be spreaded easily by different methods

7. Methods of spread
Different methods include :
 Water contamination:
 Terrorist pollute the wells of the water or
contaminate the municipal water systems to
spread bioterrorism.
 In history this method is also used .

8.  Food contamination:
 Generally uncooked or improperly stored food is
vulnerable.
 Aerosolization:
 Terrorist release different biological agents or
their spores in the air .
 Their inhalation causes different disease and also
cause diseases of skin when come in contact with
skin.

9.  Direct application:
The most reliable way to infect someone is to inject
the victim with the organisms responsible for causing
a disease.
 Insect vectors:
Many diseases are naturally transmitted by insects.
for example, plague is transmitted by certain flea
species, yellow fever is carried by one specific
mosquito species.

10. Biological agents cause bioterrorism
 Arena viruses
 Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
 Brucellosis
 Cholera
 Clostridium perfringen
 Lassa fever

11.  Q fever
 (coaxiela brunette)
 Small pox

12. History of bioterrorism
 Concept of bioterrorism is very old
 Even this concept is used in the 400BC,600 BC
 They contaminate the water and food of their
enemies like in 600 BC Assyrians contaminate the
wells of their enemies with rye ergot(causes even
cardiovascular problems)

13. Detection of bioterrorism attack
 To detect bioterrorism two different methods are
used
 Bio Watch Program
 Laboratory Response Network
 The Bio Watch Program uses a series of pathogen
detectors co-located with Environmental Protection
Agency air quality monitors.

14. Laboratory response network:
 Laboratory Response Network (LRN) share
common goals in providing laboratory support for
detecting a bioterrorism event.
 The LRN is managed and funded at the federal level
by the Department of Health and Human Services
through CDC, and, in a fashion similar to the Bio
Watch Program.

15. Advantages of advance warning
 By advance warning too much damage to peoples
and to the economy of stat cannot occur .
 The advance preparations for such critical
conditions by stocking the antibiotics saves the life
of many innocent peoples.

16. Protective Measures
 A range of protective options exist
 These include the mass production and stockpiling
of antibiotics
 Various protective measures are of three types
 Strategic measures
 Tactical measures
 Personal measures

17. References
 Eitzen, E.M. and Jr. E.T. Takafuji 1997. Historical overview of
biological warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon
General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, pp
415-423.
 Robertson, A. G. and L. J. Robertson. 1995. From asps to
allegations: biological warfare in history. Mil. Med., 160: 369-
373.
 King, J. 2011. USA. CNNW. San Francisco. Television.
 Tumpej, T.M. et al. 2005. Characterization of the reconstructed
1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus. Science, 310(5745): 77-
80.
 Buller, M. 2003. The potential use of genetic engineering to
enhance orthopox viruses as bioweapons. Presentation at the
International Conference ‘Smallpox Biosecurity. Preventing the
Unthinkable’ Geneva, Switzerland.
 Joy and Bill. 2007. Why the Future Doesn't Need Us: How 21st
Century Technologies Threaten to Make Humans an Endangered
Species. Random House, ISBN 978-0-553-52835-0
 Wagner, M. Michael, A. Ron and et al. 2001. Availability and
Comparative Value of Data Elements Required for an Effective
Bioterrorism Detection System (PDF), Real-time Outbreak and
Disease Surveillance Laboratory. (Retrieved 2009-05-22).