The document discusses biological warfare and biological weapons. It defines biological warfare as using biological agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi to harm or kill humans, animals, and plants. It provides examples of historical uses of biological weapons and diseases used in warfare like anthrax and glanders. The document outlines the development of biological weapons by nations in the 20th century and bans on their use through treaties. However, it notes that some countries still maintain secret biological weapons programs today in violation of treaties.

1. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
Prepared By- Neelesh Vaish

2. We have been studying about different types of
warfare's and how new types of lethal weapons
are being created every day to enhance the
attacking/defensive capabilities of one nation.
Most popular were the advancements made in
the field of Nuclear raditions and in increasing
the effects of atom and hydrogen bombs. But a
type of warfare that was used many years ago
by the Mangola’s , the Turkish , the Chinese
and by the Europeans is now the MODERN
WEAPON OF SILENT MASS
DESTRUCTION.

3. CONTENTS
 Biological Warfare
 Some Infectant’s
 Some Graphs Stating The Effect
 Biological And Chemical Warfare
 Use Of Bio-Weapons
 BIO-Weapons
 Historical Proofs
 Case Study

4. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
 Biological warfare also known as germ warfare is the use
of biological toxin or infectious agents such as bacteria ,
viruses and fungi with an intent to kill humans, animals or
plants.

5. BIO-WEAPONS
Biological weapons (often termed "bio-weapons"
or "bio-agents") are living organisms or
replicating entities (viruses) that reproduce or
replicate within their host victims. These are often
very hard to treat and multiply very fast as
compared to normal viruses or bacteria or fungi.

6. SOME INFECTANT’S
 Anthrax and Glanders are some of the infectant’s
used in today's more sophisticated Biochemical
Warfare.

7. ANTHRAX
 Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the
bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Most forms of the
disease are lethal, and it affects both humans and
other animals. There are effective vaccines against
anthrax, and some forms of the disease respond well
to antibiotic
 Bacillus anthracis is an infectious agent of
the anthrax.

8. GLANDERS
 Glanders is an infectious disease that occurs
primarily in animals. It is caused usually by
ingestion of contaminated food or water.

11. Genomic Era- History of Genetics.

12. BIOLOGICAL &
CHEMICAL WARFARE
 There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical
warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is
considered under the provisions of both the Biological
Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Toxins and Psychochemical weapons are often referred to
as midspectrum agents. Unlike bio-weapons, these
midspectrum agents do not reproduce in their host and are
typically characterized by shorter incubation periods.
 Psychochemical weapons, also known as drug weapons.

13. USE OF BIO-WEAPONS
 Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to
gain a strategic or tactical advantage over an adversary,
either by threats or by actual deployments. Like some of
the chemical weapons, biological weapons may also be
useful as area denial weapons. These agents may be lethal
or non-lethal, and may be targeted against a single
individual, a group of people, or even an entire
population. They may be developed, acquired, stockpiled
or deployed by nation states or by non-national groups. In
the latter case, or if a nation-state uses it clandestinely, it
may also be considered bioterrorism.

14. USE OF BIO-WEAPONS
 The U.S., U.K., and Canada initiated a biological warfare
development program in 1941 that resulted in the
weaponization of anthrax, brucellosis, and botulism toxin.
(Fear of the German program turned out to be vastly
exaggerated.) The center for U.S. military biological
warfare research was Fort Detrick, Maryland. The
biological and chemical weapons developed during that
period were tested at the Dugway Proving Grounds
in Utah. Research carried out in the U.K. during World
War II left Gruinard Island in Scotland contaminated with
anthrax for the next 48 years.

16. BIO-WEAPONS
 Bio-Weapons can also be termed as WEAPONS OF
MASS DESTRUCTION.

17. HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL
WARFARE
 Historical accounts from medieval Europe detail the use of infected
animal carcasses, by Mongols, Turks and other groups, to infect enemy
water supplies. Prior to the bubonic plague epidemic known as the Black
Death, Mongol and Turkish armies were reported to have catapulted
disease-laden corpses into besieged cities.
 The advent of the germ theory and advances in bacteriology brought a
new level of sophistication to the theoretical use of bio-agents in war.
Biological sabotage — in the form of anthrax and glanders - was
undertaken on behalf of the Imperial German government during World
War I, with indifferent results. Use of such bio-weapons was banned in
international law by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. The 1972 Biological
and Toxin Weapons Convention extended the ban to almost all
production, storage and transport. However, both the Soviet
Union and Iraq, at a minimum, secretly defied the treaty and continued
research and production of offensive biological weapons, despite being
signatories to it.

18. Continued…….
 In 1972, the U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., and many other
nations signed the BWC, which banned "development,
production and stockpiling of microbes or their
poisonous products except in amounts necessary for
protective and peaceful research." By then, the U.S.
and U.K. had transparently destroyed all their bio-
weapons stockpiles. By 2011, 165 countries had
signed the treaty.

19. Continued……..
Today, according to the U.S. Department of Defense,
more than ten countries are suspected to have continuing
offensive biological warfare programs,
including Russia, Israel, China, Iran, Syria and North
Korea. Offensive biological warfare programs in
Iraq were dismantled after the first Gulf War(1990–
1991). Libya dismantled and disavowed its biological
warfare program in 2003. The fate of the vast network of
clandestine sites comprising the old Soviet biological
warfare program, as well as its many tons of
weaponized smallpox, remains undocumented.

20. THANK YOU FOR
WATCHING