The document discusses the use of supercritical hydrolysis to derive value from biomass waste. Supercritical hydrolysis uses water above its critical temperature and pressure to break down biomass into constituent sugars and other compounds. Experiments showed this method can efficiently convert cellulose into glucose and other sugars. The derived compounds like 5-HMF and levulinic acid can then be further processed into valuable chemicals and fuels, providing a way to produce renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products from abundant biomass resources.

1. Alexander Cranford
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2. 2
Tuck, C. O.; Pérez, E.; Horváith, I. T.; Sheldon, R. A.; Poliakoff, M. Valorization of Biomass: Deriving
More Value from Waste. Science 2012, 337, 695-699.

3.  Background
 Supercritical Hydrolysis
◦ Method
◦ Results
◦ Discussion
 Applications
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4.  Petroleum Use
 Abundance of Biomass
 Fermentation
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Tuck, C. O.; Pérez, E.; Horváith, I. T.; Sheldon, R. A.; Poliakoff, M. Valorization of Biomass: Deriving
More Value from Waste. Science 2012, 337, 695-699.

5.  Non-Supercritical Hydrolysis
◦ Acid Hydrolysis
◦ Enzyme Hydrolysis
 Supercritical hydrolysis
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Sasaki, M.; Adschiri, T.; Arai, K. Kinetics of cellulose conversion at 25 MPa in sub- and supercritical
water. AIChE J. 2004, 50, 192-202.

6.  Supercritical water
 Kw
 tr
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W. L. Marshall, E. U. Franck, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data1981, 10, 295– 304.
Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. Governing Chemistry of Cellulose Hydrolysis in Supercritical
Water. ChemSusChem 2015, 8, 1026-1033.

7.  5-HMF
 Glyceraldehydes
 Pyruvaldehydes
 Radical Reactions
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Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. Governing Chemistry of Cellulose Hydrolysis in Supercritical
Water. ChemSusChem 2015, 8, 1026-1033.

8.  Temperature Control
 Effect on tr
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Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. High glucose selectivity in pressurized water
hydrolysis of cellulose using ultra-fast reactors. Bioresour. Technol. 2013, 135, 697-703.

9. 9
Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. High glucose selectivity in pressurized water hydrolysis
of cellulose using ultra-fast reactors. Bioresour. Technol. 2013, 135, 697-703.

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Selectivity of Sugars at 400ºC
Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. High glucose selectivity in pressurized water hydrolysis
of cellulose using ultra-fast reactors. Bioresour. Technol. 2013, 135, 697-703.

11. 11
5-HMF Production
Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. Governing Chemistry of Cellulose Hydrolysis in
Supercritical Water. ChemSusChem 2015, 8, 1026-1033.

12.  P-xylene
 5-HMF
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Williams, C. L.; Chang, C.; Do, P.; Nikbin, N.; Caratzoulas, S.; Vlachos, D. G.; Lobo, R. F.; Fan, W.;
Dauenhauer, P. J. Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewable p-
Xylene. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 935-939.

13.  Opportunities
 Innovations
 Applications
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14.  Industrial Use
 Synthesis from Carbohydrates
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Williams, C. L.; Chang, C.; Do, P.; Nikbin, N.; Caratzoulas, S.; Vlachos, D. G.; Lobo, R. F.; Fan, W.; Dauenhauer, P. J. Cycloaddition of
Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewable p-Xylene. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 935-939.
van Putten, R.; van, d. W.; de Jong, E.; Rasrendra, C. B.; Heeres, H. J.; de Vries, J. G. Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform
Chemical Made from Renewable Resources. Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 1499-1597.
Alonso, D. M.; Wettstein, S. G.; Dumesic, J. A. Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic
biomass. Green Chem. 2013, 15, 584-595.

15.  Thank you Dr. Fry
 Thank you for listening
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16.  Alonso, D. M.; Wettstein, S. G.; Dumesic, J. A. Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable
platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem. 2013, 15,
584-595.
 Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. Governing Chemistry of Cellulose
Hydrolysis in Supercritical Water. ChemSusChem 2015, 8, 1026-1033.
 Cantero, D. A.; Bermejo, M. D.; Cocero, M. J. High glucose selectivity in
pressurized water hydrolysis of cellulose using ultra-fast reactors. Bioresour.
Technol. 2013, 135, 697-703.
 Sasaki, M.; Adschiri, T.; Arai, K. Kinetics of cellulose conversion at 25 MPa in sub-
and supercritical water. AIChE J. 2004, 50, 192-202.
 Tuck, C. O.; Pérez, E.; Horváith, I. T.; Sheldon, R. A.; Poliakoff, M. Valorization of
Biomass: Deriving More Value from Waste. Science 2012, 337, 695-699.
 van Putten, R.; van, d. W.; de Jong, E.; Rasrendra, C. B.; Heeres, H. J.; de Vries, J. G.
Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable
Resources. Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 1499-1597.
 Williams, C. L.; Chang, C.; Do, P.; Nikbin, N.; Caratzoulas, S.; Vlachos, D. G.; Lobo,
R. F.; Fan, W.; Dauenhauer, P. J. Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for
Catalytic Production of Renewable p-Xylene. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 935-939.
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