This document provides information about bioluminescence. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduction defining bioluminescence. The document then discusses the history of bioluminescence research, how it evolved in different organisms, and how the bioluminescence reaction works on a chemical level. It lists several bioluminescent organisms and describes some uses of bioluminescence in nature for camouflage, attraction, defense, warning, and communication. The document also outlines several modern applications of bioluminescence in fields like biology, medicine, the environment, and industry. It distinguishes between bioluminescence and biofluorescence and briefly describes two recent research papers on biol
Bioluminescence and its Applications and Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of bioluminescence is becoming better through finding better sources of bioluminescence and reducing the cost of Luciferin & luciferase. Organisms displaying bioluminescence include fungi, algae, mushrooms, fireflies, glow worms, earth worms, and jelly fish, coral, to name a few. An astonishing 80-85% of the deep oceanic world is bioluminescent and some of this can even be seen from outer space! Bioluminescence primarily occurs when chemical Luciferin reacts with oxygen in the presence of catalyst luciferase.
There are some exciting things about bioluminescence. First, it is possible to achieve it even with a coating as thin as 1mm as it works at microbial level. This would further reduce the size of lights far beyond what is possible with LEDs and OLEDs. Second, it is theoretically possible to grow trees and plants that are bioluminescent and thus use them for lighting streets and other outdoor areas. Clearly this would be tremendous success and have a large impact on the world’s energy needs in addition to possibly improving the aesthetics of cities.
More immediate applications can be found in disease detection where Bioluminescence is already being used. Specific cells, viral agents, or genes can be bioluminescently labeled. After injecting them into an organism, cameras and spectral analysis can be used to detect their movement and multiplication. This can be potentially much cheaper than MRI, computer tomography and other approaches; the challenge is to create the different bio-luminescent materials(synthetic Luciferin), their spectral signatures, and methods of injection.
A final challenge that is common to all bio-luminescent applications is the cost of the biological material, which is usually Luciferin. Extracting it from fireflies can cost tens of thousands of dollars for few milliliter, clearly a very high cost. However, synthetic methods of production have been devised and scaling up these production plants will likely lead to much lower costs. Given the experience in the chemical industry it is likely that in future with advances in technology the costs may fall more than a thousand times as the production processes are scaled up to the levels found in high-volume chemicals.
Bioluminescence is production of light without heat energy through chemical reaction by living organism.
The light emitted by a bioluminescent organism is produced by energy released from chemical reactions occurring inside the organism.
BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MICROORGANISMS PPT.pptxMonishaM73
Bioluminescence is chemical processes .certain organisms are able to synthesize and emit light.
Bioluminescence in microorganisms
Bioluminescent Bacteria
Bioluminescent fungi
Bioluminescent algae
Scintillation counter - instrumentation Principle, working, advantages and disadvantages and applications on various fields.
Reference : principles of biochemistry by wilson and walker.
Bioluminescence and its Applications and Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of bioluminescence is becoming better through finding better sources of bioluminescence and reducing the cost of Luciferin & luciferase. Organisms displaying bioluminescence include fungi, algae, mushrooms, fireflies, glow worms, earth worms, and jelly fish, coral, to name a few. An astonishing 80-85% of the deep oceanic world is bioluminescent and some of this can even be seen from outer space! Bioluminescence primarily occurs when chemical Luciferin reacts with oxygen in the presence of catalyst luciferase.
There are some exciting things about bioluminescence. First, it is possible to achieve it even with a coating as thin as 1mm as it works at microbial level. This would further reduce the size of lights far beyond what is possible with LEDs and OLEDs. Second, it is theoretically possible to grow trees and plants that are bioluminescent and thus use them for lighting streets and other outdoor areas. Clearly this would be tremendous success and have a large impact on the world’s energy needs in addition to possibly improving the aesthetics of cities.
More immediate applications can be found in disease detection where Bioluminescence is already being used. Specific cells, viral agents, or genes can be bioluminescently labeled. After injecting them into an organism, cameras and spectral analysis can be used to detect their movement and multiplication. This can be potentially much cheaper than MRI, computer tomography and other approaches; the challenge is to create the different bio-luminescent materials(synthetic Luciferin), their spectral signatures, and methods of injection.
A final challenge that is common to all bio-luminescent applications is the cost of the biological material, which is usually Luciferin. Extracting it from fireflies can cost tens of thousands of dollars for few milliliter, clearly a very high cost. However, synthetic methods of production have been devised and scaling up these production plants will likely lead to much lower costs. Given the experience in the chemical industry it is likely that in future with advances in technology the costs may fall more than a thousand times as the production processes are scaled up to the levels found in high-volume chemicals.
Bioluminescence is production of light without heat energy through chemical reaction by living organism.
The light emitted by a bioluminescent organism is produced by energy released from chemical reactions occurring inside the organism.
BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MICROORGANISMS PPT.pptxMonishaM73
Bioluminescence is chemical processes .certain organisms are able to synthesize and emit light.
Bioluminescence in microorganisms
Bioluminescent Bacteria
Bioluminescent fungi
Bioluminescent algae
Scintillation counter - instrumentation Principle, working, advantages and disadvantages and applications on various fields.
Reference : principles of biochemistry by wilson and walker.
Historically architecture has likened the city as an organism and looked to nature for design inspiration. Until recently the tools that have enabled architects to engage with what R. Buckminster Fuller called the ‘drivers of biology’, have not been available and architects use biological systems in a symbolic way called biological ‘formalism’ where aesthetics are prioritized over function. Recent developments in Synthetic Biology, which were demonstrated at Artificial Life XI suggested it was possible to design and engineer materials that meet the requirements necessary for a new generation of smart materials.
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intoduction to lumiscence
introduction and principle of chemilumiscence
different types of lumiscence
detail of the electrochemilumiscence, working, principle, instrumentation, measurin.
application in medical field
difference between chemilumiscence and elecrochemiluminescence
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This is what we call bioluminescence. Bioluminesence is the process of emmiting light by living organisms as the result of chemical reaction. The organisms are like jellyfish, fireflies, wormtail and there's also dinoflagellates. Our study is about Vadhoo Island in Maldives which has sparkling water if you see at night. That's so beautiful. If u wanna see vadhoo island, just see the first page. That's all. -cincin
A brief description on the phenomenon of Bio-luminescence and it's applications in various industries like to detect good food gone bad in food industries,drug testing in pharmaceuticals industry and as reporter genes in genetic engineering.
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.
Its name is a hybrid word, originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light".
Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring form of chemiluminescence where energy is released by a chemical reaction in the form of light emission. Fireflies, anglerfish, and other creatures produce the chemicals luciferin (a pigment) and luciferase (an enzyme).
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light
from a living organism including some fungi belonging to Basidiomycotina and few fungi belonging to Ascomycotina
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
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2. CONTENT
Topic Topic name Page no.
Acknowledgement 1
What is bioluminescence? 2
History 3
Evolution 4
How does it work? 5-6
List of Bioluminescent
Organisms
7-8
Uses in nature 9-11
Commercial benefit 12
Modern day application 13-15
Difference 16
Recent paper works on
bioluminescence
17-18
References 19
3. Acknowledgement
I sincerely thank our honourable principle sir Dr. Amit
Chakravarty, and vice-principle mam Dr. Sudipa
Chakravarty for their endeavours that helped me. I
also want to acknowledge Dr. Paramita
Bhattacharya and Jayasmita mam for their valuable
guidance and some of my friends who assisted me.
1
4. WHAT IS BIOLUMISCENCE?
Bioluminescence is
production of light without
heat through chemical
reaction by living organism.
The light emitted by a
bioluminescent organism is
produced by energy released
from chemical reactions
occurring inside the
organism.
2
5. HISTORY
• In 1854 Johann Florian Heller
(1813-1871) identified strands
(hyphae) of fungi as the source
of light in dead wood at first
time.
• In 1920, the American zoologist
E. Newton Harvey published a
monograph, The Nature of
Animal Light, summarizing
early work on bioluminescence.
• Darwin also observed a
luminous "jelly-fish of the
genus Dianaea
3
3
6. EVOLUTION
Bioluminescence in fish began
at least by the Cretaceous
period. About 1,500 fish
species are known to be
bioluminescent, and this
feature evolved independently
at a minimum of 27 time
Of these 27 occasions, 17
involved the taking up of bio
luminous bacteria from the
surrounding water while in
the others, the intrinsic light
evolved through chemical
synthesis.
4
7. How Does Bioluminescence
Work?
Bioluminescence is a product
of chemical reaction in an
organism.
It involves a class of chemical
called luciferins (light
bringers).
The luciferins oxidizes in the
presence of a catalytic
enzyme(luciferase) to create
light and an inactive
compound(oxyluciferins).
As a result, energy is released
in a from light due to energy
from excitation of the
electron in the ions. The
photon visible light produced
is about 50kcal.
5
8. HOW DOES IT WORK?
in bioluminescence, a luciferin
produce lights & a luciferase the
light producing chemical
reaction to take place
In this reaction luciferin act
as a catalyst.
Luciferase allows
oxygen to combine
with luciferin
The reaction produces
photons of light
And oxidized luciferin becomes
inactive oxyluciferin
6
9. List of Bioluminescent Organisms
Terrestrial animal:
Certain anthropoid
Fire flies
Click beetle
Glow worms
Marine animals:
Anglerfish
Flashlight fish
Black dragon fish
Sparkling enope squid
7
11. Uses in Nature
Bioluminescence has several
functions in different criteria. Like
that-
o Camouflage:
• bacterial bioluminescence is used
for camouflage by counter
illumination.
• In these animals, photoreceptors
control the illumination to match
the brightness of the background.
These light organs are usually
separate from the tissue
containing the bioluminescent
bacteria.
• in firefly squid, Watasenia
scintillans are responsible for this.
9
12. Uses in Nature
• Attraction:
Fireflies use light to attract mates. Two
systems are involved according to
species; in one, females emit light from
their abdomens to attract males; in the
other, flying males emit signals to
which the sometimes sedentary females
respond.
• Defence:
Dinoflagellates may use
bioluminescence for defence against
predators. They shine when they detect
a predator, possibly making the
predator itself more vulnerable by
attracting the attention of predators
from higher trophic levels.
10
13. Uses in Nature
• Warning:
Bioluminescence is widely used for
warning that the creature concerned
is unpalatable. Millipedes glow for
the same purpose. Some marine
organisms are believed to emit light
for a similar reason. These include
scale worms, jellyfish and brittle
stars.
• Communication:
Communication in the form of
quorum sensing plays a role in the
regulation of luminescence in many
species of bacteria.
Quantula striata the only known
bioluminescent terrestrial mollusc.
Pulses of light are emitted from a
gland near the front of the foot and
may have a communicative function
11
14. How Can We Make Use of Bioluminescent
Chemical for Our Own Benefit?
12
15. Bioluminescence Modern Day
Application
Biology and medicine:
1. Luciferase systems are
widely used in genetic
engineering as reporter
genes.
2. Bioluminescent activdate
destruction is an
experimental cancer
treatment
3. Vibrio bacteria
symbiosis with marine
invertebrates such as
the Hawaiian bobtail
squid are key
experimental models for
bioluminescence.
4. Its used for bio
monitoring.
13
16. Bioluminescence Modern Day Application
In Environment:
1. Detection of drugs in surface
water and waste water samples
preliminary testing of toxicity.
2. Assessment of heavy metal by
bacterial bioluminescence in
waste water.
3. Dinoflagelet bioluminescence
for environment risk detection.
4. Detection of specific pollutants
in environment.
In Industrial field:
1. structures of photophores, the
light producing organs in
bioluminescent organisms, are
being investigated by industrial
designers.
14
17. Bioluminescence Modern Day Application
Others field:
1. Engineered bioluminescence could perhaps one day be
used to reduce the need for street lighting.
2. It also used in energy consumption.
15
18. What is the Difference Between Bio-
fluorescence and Bioluminescence?
Bioluminescence Biofluroscence
Bioluminescence is a chemical process in
which an enzyme breaks a substrate
down and one of the products of this
reaction is light.
Bioluorescence is a physical process by
which light excites electrons in the
fluorophor to a higher energy state, and
when that electron falls back down to its
ground state it emits a photon.
The most popular usage of luciferase (an
enzyme that causes bioluminescence in
fireflies and sea pansies) is to test that
activity of gene regulatory elements
The likelihood of measuring
autofluorescence or excitation photons is
extremely low
16
21. References
• Douglas, R.H.; Mullineaux, C.W.; Partridge, J.C. (29 September
2000). "Long-wave sensitivity in deep-sea stomiid dragonfish
with far-red bioluminescence: evidence for a dietary origin of the
chlorophyll-derived retinal photosensitizer of Malacosteus niger“
• Stanger-Hall, K.F.; Lloyd, J.E.; Hillis, D.M. (2007). "Phylogeny of
North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): implications
for the evolution of light signals". Molecular Phylogenetics and
Evolution. 45 (1): 33–49. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.013
PMID 17644427
• Di Rocco, Giuliana; Gentile, Antonietta; Antonini, Annalisa;
Truffa, Silvia; Piaggio, Giulia; Capogrossi, Maurizio C.; Toietta,
Gabriele (1 September 2012). "Analysis of biodistribution and
engraftment into the liver of genetically modified mesenchymal
stromal cells derived from adipose tissue". Cell Transplantation.
21 (9): 1997–2008. doi:10.3727/096368911X637452 PMID
22469297
• Sparks, John S.; Schelly, Robert C.; Smith, W. Leo; Davis, Matthew
P.; Tchernov, Dan; Pieribone, Vincent A.; Gruber, David F.
(January 8, 2014). "The Covert World of Fish Biofluorescence: A
Phylogenetically Widespread and Phenotypically Variable
19