Bioluminescence and its Applications and Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of bioluminescence is becoming better through finding better sources of bioluminescence and reducing the cost of Luciferin & luciferase. Organisms displaying bioluminescence include fungi, algae, mushrooms, fireflies, glow worms, earth worms, and jelly fish, coral, to name a few. An astonishing 80-85% of the deep oceanic world is bioluminescent and some of this can even be seen from outer space! Bioluminescence primarily occurs when chemical Luciferin reacts with oxygen in the presence of catalyst luciferase.
There are some exciting things about bioluminescence. First, it is possible to achieve it even with a coating as thin as 1mm as it works at microbial level. This would further reduce the size of lights far beyond what is possible with LEDs and OLEDs. Second, it is theoretically possible to grow trees and plants that are bioluminescent and thus use them for lighting streets and other outdoor areas. Clearly this would be tremendous success and have a large impact on the world’s energy needs in addition to possibly improving the aesthetics of cities.
More immediate applications can be found in disease detection where Bioluminescence is already being used. Specific cells, viral agents, or genes can be bioluminescently labeled. After injecting them into an organism, cameras and spectral analysis can be used to detect their movement and multiplication. This can be potentially much cheaper than MRI, computer tomography and other approaches; the challenge is to create the different bio-luminescent materials(synthetic Luciferin), their spectral signatures, and methods of injection.
A final challenge that is common to all bio-luminescent applications is the cost of the biological material, which is usually Luciferin. Extracting it from fireflies can cost tens of thousands of dollars for few milliliter, clearly a very high cost. However, synthetic methods of production have been devised and scaling up these production plants will likely lead to much lower costs. Given the experience in the chemical industry it is likely that in future with advances in technology the costs may fall more than a thousand times as the production processes are scaled up to the levels found in high-volume chemicals.
Bioluminescence and its Applications and Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of bioluminescence is becoming better through finding better sources of bioluminescence and reducing the cost of Luciferin & luciferase. Organisms displaying bioluminescence include fungi, algae, mushrooms, fireflies, glow worms, earth worms, and jelly fish, coral, to name a few. An astonishing 80-85% of the deep oceanic world is bioluminescent and some of this can even be seen from outer space! Bioluminescence primarily occurs when chemical Luciferin reacts with oxygen in the presence of catalyst luciferase.
There are some exciting things about bioluminescence. First, it is possible to achieve it even with a coating as thin as 1mm as it works at microbial level. This would further reduce the size of lights far beyond what is possible with LEDs and OLEDs. Second, it is theoretically possible to grow trees and plants that are bioluminescent and thus use them for lighting streets and other outdoor areas. Clearly this would be tremendous success and have a large impact on the world’s energy needs in addition to possibly improving the aesthetics of cities.
More immediate applications can be found in disease detection where Bioluminescence is already being used. Specific cells, viral agents, or genes can be bioluminescently labeled. After injecting them into an organism, cameras and spectral analysis can be used to detect their movement and multiplication. This can be potentially much cheaper than MRI, computer tomography and other approaches; the challenge is to create the different bio-luminescent materials(synthetic Luciferin), their spectral signatures, and methods of injection.
A final challenge that is common to all bio-luminescent applications is the cost of the biological material, which is usually Luciferin. Extracting it from fireflies can cost tens of thousands of dollars for few milliliter, clearly a very high cost. However, synthetic methods of production have been devised and scaling up these production plants will likely lead to much lower costs. Given the experience in the chemical industry it is likely that in future with advances in technology the costs may fall more than a thousand times as the production processes are scaled up to the levels found in high-volume chemicals.
BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MICROORGANISMS PPT.pptxMonishaM73
Bioluminescence is chemical processes .certain organisms are able to synthesize and emit light.
Bioluminescence in microorganisms
Bioluminescent Bacteria
Bioluminescent fungi
Bioluminescent algae
Bioluminescence is production of light without heat energy through chemical reaction by living organism.
The light emitted by a bioluminescent organism is produced by energy released from chemical reactions occurring inside the organism.
BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MICROORGANISMS PPT.pptxMonishaM73
Bioluminescence is chemical processes .certain organisms are able to synthesize and emit light.
Bioluminescence in microorganisms
Bioluminescent Bacteria
Bioluminescent fungi
Bioluminescent algae
Bioluminescence is production of light without heat energy through chemical reaction by living organism.
The light emitted by a bioluminescent organism is produced by energy released from chemical reactions occurring inside the organism.
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.
Its name is a hybrid word, originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light".
Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring form of chemiluminescence where energy is released by a chemical reaction in the form of light emission. Fireflies, anglerfish, and other creatures produce the chemicals luciferin (a pigment) and luciferase (an enzyme).
This is what we call bioluminescence. Bioluminesence is the process of emmiting light by living organisms as the result of chemical reaction. The organisms are like jellyfish, fireflies, wormtail and there's also dinoflagellates. Our study is about Vadhoo Island in Maldives which has sparkling water if you see at night. That's so beautiful. If u wanna see vadhoo island, just see the first page. That's all. -cincin
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light
from a living organism including some fungi belonging to Basidiomycotina and few fungi belonging to Ascomycotina
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Bioluminescence
• Phenomenon of production and emission of
light by an organism through chemical
reaction.
• Chemical energy Light energy
• Bioluminescent bacteria
Are mostly----Marine
Few are --------terrestrial
10. At very first Bioluminenscence were recognized in 180 marine
species known as “cold light”
In 15th century commented these luminance in bacteria as
“Burning sea”
In 16th century bioluminescence found in small literature commonly
called “unaffected fire”
in 17th century observe that air is required for luminance not
oxygen. but in reality oxygen is required.
Later in 19th century extracted the two key points which causes the
bioluminescence reaction are” lucifirine” and “luciferase”.
HISTORY
11. Genetic diversity
• All bioluminescent bacteria share a common
gene sequence;the lux operon characterized
by the luxCDABE gene organization.
• Based on similarities in gene content and
organization lux operon can be organized into
four distinct types.
3:vibrio/
candiddtus
1:Aliivibrio/shewa
nella
2:Photobacterium
4:Photodesmus
14. Beaches containing bioluminescence
• There are five bioluminescent bays in the
world.
1: Luminous lagoon in Jamaica
2:Halong in vietnam
3:Puerto Rico’s Laguna Grande
4:Laparguera
5:Mosquito Bay
Mosquito bay is currently the brightest.
17. Symbiotic bioluminescence bacteria
1:to obtain food
• Most species of luminescent bacteria are
capable of living free in association with host
organisms to obtain food and protection.
Pinecone fish utilize luminous
bacteria, colonizeed in the ventral
cavity,illuminate surrounding.
18. 2:Attract the prey
• In symbiosis bacteria nourished with available
food for growth.at same time host utilizes the
adopted illumination to attract prey.
Deep sea Angler fish carries
the luminance bacteria.
19. 3:Mutualistic association
• In this association both host and luminated
bacteria are benefited.
• Luminous bacteria in symbiosis on a pair of light
organs in the mantle body of the squid.
utilize the luminated function causes to frighten
the nearby predators.
20. Why does it occur !!
Invitation to a
meal
Puzzling predatorsClever disguise
Mating games Mating gamesDefense
21. Biochemistry of the Bacterial
Bioluminescence Reaction-
Bacterial Luciferase and the
Light Color
22. Bacterial luciferase
The enzyme that catalyzes light emission
Heterodimer
Composed of two different polypeptides,
designated alpha and beta and encoded by
the luxA and luxB genes, respectively.
The active site is located
within the subunit.
23. In the absence of the beta subunit, the alpha
subunit alone functions inefficiently with a
poor light yield.
However, the catalytic machinery involved in
continuous light production in luminous
bacteria includes not only bacterial luciferase,
but also the enzymes that supply and
regenerate the substrates of bacterial
luciferase.
24. Lux Genes
The DNA sequences coding
the proteins in the
luminescent system are
termed the lux genes.
26. Biochemical Mechanism
The reaction of bacterial luminescence is catalyzed by
luciferase.
The reaction leads to
1. the oxidation of FMNH2 to FMN
2. the oxidation of the aldehydes to organic (fatty) acids
3. . A quantum of light is an additional product of this
reaction
27. The net chemical equation of the
bacterial luciferase catalyzed reaction.
RCHO + FMNH2 + O2 → RCOOH + FMN+H2O + hν
28. The excess energy, which is liberated from the
oxidation of FMNH2 and aldehyde concomitant
with the reduction of molecular oxygen, is
released as blue/green light emission (MAX ~
490 nm).
29. Different Luciferase Emission
Colors.
The characteristic color indicates the energy
level of the photon that was produced when
the excited electron on the flavin
chromophore returns to the ground state.
30. 1. Flavin analogs
Flavin analogs with substituted atoms in the
chromophores moiety resulted in different
luciferase emission colors.
31. 2.Point mutations
Point mutations at the flavin chromophore's
binding site distorts the color emission spectrum
of bacterial bioluminescence, indicating that the
distinctive emission color depends not only on
the chromophore that emits the photon, but also
the electronic nature of the chromophore-binding
microenvironment in luciferase.
32. 3. Fluorescent proteins
some luminous bacteria carry fluorescent
proteins to modulate the emission color,
distinguishing themselves from other strains.
33. How Does Bioluminescence
Work?
• Bioluminescence is a product of chemical reaction in
an organism.
• It involves a class of chemical called luciferins (light
bringers).
• The luciferins oxidizes in the presence of a catalytic
enzyme(luciferase) to create light and an inactive
compound(oxyluciferins).
34. HOW DOES IT WORK?
• In bioluminescence, a
luciferin produce lights & a
luciferase the light producing
chemical reaction to take
place
• In this reaction luciferin act
as a catalyst.
• Luciferase allows oxygen to
combine with luciferin
• The reaction produces
photons of light
• And oxidized luciferin
becomes inactive oxyluciferin
35. What is the Difference Between Bio fluorescence
and Bioluminescence?
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is a
chemical process in
which an enzyme breaks
a substrate down and
one of the products of
this reaction is light.
The most popular usage
of luciferase (an enzyme
that causes
bioluminescence in
fireflies and sea pansies)
is to test that activity of
gene regulatory
elements
Biofluroscence
Bio fluorescence is a
physical process by
which light excites
electrons in the
fluorophor to a higher
energy state, and when
that electron falls back
down to its ground state
it emits a photon.
The likelihood of
measuring auto
fluorescence or
excitation photons is
extremely low
36. How Can We Make Use of Bioluminescent
Chemical for Our Own Benefit?
37. Bioluminescence Modern Day
Application Biology and medicine:
1. Luciferase systems are widely used in
genetic engineering as reporter genes.
2. Bioluminescent activate destruction is an
experimental cancer treatment
3. Vibrio bacteria symbiosis with marine
invertebrates such as the Hawaiian bobtail
squid are key experimental models for
bioluminescence.
4. Its used for bio monitoring.
38. In Environment:
1. Detection of drugs in surface water and
waste water samples preliminary testing of
toxicity.
2. Assessment of heavy metal by bacterial
bioluminescence in waste water.
3. Dinoflagellates bioluminescence for
environment risk detection.
4. Detection of specific pollutants in
environment.
39. In Industrial field:
Structures of photophores, the light
producing organs in bioluminescent
organisms, are being investigated by
industrial designers.
40. Others field:
1. Engineered bioluminescence could
perhaps one day be used to reduce the
need for street lighting.
2. It also used in energy consumption.
41. Fluorescence microscopy
•Fluorescence microscopy of tissues, cells or
subcellular structures is accomplished by
labeling an antibody with a fluorophor and
allowing the antibody to find its target antigen
within the sample.
• Labeling multiple antibodies with different
fluorophores allows visualization of multiple
targets within a single image.
42. Automated sequencing of DNA
•Automated sequencing of DNA by the chain
termination method; each of four different chain
terminating bases has its own specific
fluorescent tag.
•As the labeled DNA molecules are separated,
the fluorescent label is excited by a UV source,
and the identity of the base terminating the
molecule is identified by the wavelength of the
emitted light.
43. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a technology
developed over the past decade that allows for the
noninvasive study of ongoing biological processes
in small laboratory animals.
Common applications of BLI include in vivo studies
of infection (with bioluminescent pathogens),
cancer progression (using a bioluminescent cancer
cell line), and reconstitution kinetics (using
bioluminescent stem cells).
BLI
44. BRET: Bioluminescence Resonance
Energy Transfer
• BRET is a proximity-
based assay where the
energy generated by the
catalytic degradation of
coelenterazine by the
enzyme Renilla
luciferase (Rluc)
(energy donor) is
transferred to a green
fluorescent protein
(GFP) acting as the
energy acceptor.
• The GFP then emits
light at its specific
emission wavelength.
46. BRET: Bioluminescence Resonance
Energy Transfer
• BRET can be used to observe protein-protein
interaction in living mammalian cells.
• It is based on the non-radioactive transfer of
energy between a luminescent donor Rluc
and a fluorescent acceptor (Green
Fluorescent Protein or GFP).
• May be used in the future to identify new
protein complexes in human.
47. Monitoring of ubiquitination in living
cells by BRET
• Ubiquitination is descried as the rapid
process of post-translational modification
present in many aspects of biology involving
a covalent attachment of ubiquitin to
proteins.
48. Lux operon
• After the discovery of the lux operon,
the use of bioluminescent bacteria as
a laboratory tool is claimed to have
revolutionized the area of
environmental microbiology.
49. Biosensors
• The applications of bioluminescent bacteria
include biosensors for detection of
contaminants, measurement of pollutant
toxicity and monitoring of genetically
engineered bacteria released into the
environment.
• Biosensors, created by placing a lux gene
construct under the control of an inducible
promoter, can be used to determine the
concentration of specific pollutants.
50. • Biosensors are also able to distinguish
between pollutants that are bioavailable and
those that are inert and unavailable.
• For example, Pseudomonas fluorescens has
been genetically engineered to be capable of
degrading salicylate and naphthalene, and is
used as a biosensor to assess the
bioavailability of salicylate and naphthalene
51. Gene expression
• Bioluminescence can be used to study
prokaryotic gene expression inside
living cells
• It allows the observation of biological
processes in real time, as they happen.
• This technique can be used as a
noninvasive way to study protein
trafficking, protein function, genetic
regulatory or image bacteria, tumors
and genes over a long period time.
52. GENETIC ENGINEERNING
Genetically engineered Angelfish (Pterophyllum Scalare) glow
in a tank under a black light while being displayed at the 2010
Taiwan International Aqua Expo in Taipei October 29, 2010.
53. Applications of bioluminescent imaging.
(a) assessing the levels of trans-gene expression,
(b) the location and extent of bacterial infection,
(c) the efficiency of gene transfer and expression,
(d) the trafficking patterns of lymphocytes.
54. Bioluminescence in gene
expression
• Luciferases are
light-generating
enzymes that can
be found in
bacteria, marine
crustaceans, fish
and insects.
• Luciferases are
nontoxic and can be
injected to become
gene expression
markers.
55. Gene Expression in Yeast Cells
• Cells fused to GFP,
making the component
protein of microtubules
(alpha-tubulin)
• The alpha-tubulin:GFP
fusion can be observed
by exciting the GFP,
causing a green light
emission.
• It can be used to study
gene coding mutations
such as kinases.
57. ATP Bioluminescence
• Measures the amount of ATP that is
converted to photons of light by living
cells.
• The amount of light emitted to
proportional to the number of bacteria
in a food sample
• It can be used to measure the number
of lactic acid bacteria in a
contaminated food sample.
• Firefly luciferase is used to detect the
presence of ATP
62. Large Scale Production Setup
Production
center for
Luciferase
Enzyme
Research
Development
Commercialization
Can be located near areas like
Food contamination test
centers .
Requirement for
Bioluminescent based lighting
Can extract the enzyme in
large scale.
Production of synthetic
Luciferin
Can be used to make
Bioluminescent based lighting.
•Can employ “Made to order”
lights / artistic pets / wall
design / Bill boards and
Biosensors
65. Sculpture
• Montana State University-Bozeman
Bioglyphs project
• Collaboration between art and science
during 2002 by members of the center
for Biofilm Engineering and the MSU
School of art
66. Bioglyphs
• Involves the practice of "painting" on
prepared Petri dishes with a sort of "invisible
ink" composed of liquid medium inoculated
with the bacteria.
• The microorganisms themselves went to
work, multiplying on the plates and beginning
to produce light within 24 hours.
• The only light available to view the art was
that produced by the bacteria themselves.
• Over the five-day period, the light intensity of
the paintings changed as the bacteria
multiplied and then gradually consumed the
nutrient available.
67. • Extensive research is going on
whether the plants are able to show
bioluminescence.
• Daan roosegaard’s team has recently
declared by merging their light
producing compound with plants, the
team envisions illuminating city
streets with trees that glow at night.
68. A university of Cambridge team modified genetic
material from Fireflies and the luminescent
bacterium vibrio fischeri to boost the production of
light-yielding enzymes that can ultimately be
inserted into genomes – they called it biobricks.
The team generated two lines of common
nicotiana tabacum houseplants that carried the
bacterial lux operon from photobacteriu leiognathi.
69. As a result, the plants can produce luciferase
and their substrates,
Luciferinsengineered bioluminescence could
perhaps one day be used to reduce the need
for street lighting or decorative purposes
70. Scientists are researching the use of
genetically engineered bioluminescent.
E. Coli for use in a bio bulb the gene that
makes firefly’s tails glow has been added
to mustard plants.
The plants glow faintly for an hour when
Touched, but a sensitive camera is
needed to see the glow.
71. • In Vivo Imaging
• Detection of key Diseases
• Oncology/Cancer
• Inflammatory Diseases
• Neurology
• Cardiovascular
• Drug Metabolism Studies
Other Application
• Monitoring Treatment
Response
• Biodistribution
• Cancer cell detection
• Biomarkets
• Structural Imaging
72. Nanotechnology
System on Chip
Nano particles
Nano polymers
Minimum flashing
Maximum
Luminosity
MEMS
Computational DNA‟s
Genetics
DNA improvements
Technology merge
BIOLUMINESCENT
SYSTEM ON CHIP
Technology Convergence
73. THIS IS WHAT OUR
STREETS WILL LOOK LIKE
IN THE FUTURE….
84. Sources
• Stephane Angers, Ali Salahpour, Eric Joly, Sandrine
Hilairet, Dan Chelsky, Michael Dennis, and Michel
Bouvier. “Detection of β 2- adrenergic receptor
dimerization in living cells using bioluminescence
resonance energy transfer (BRET).” Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences 97(2000): 3684-3689.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/97/7/3684 (5
October 2007)
• Claire Normand1, Stéphane Parent1, Benoit Houle, Anne
Labonté, Lucie Bertrand, Mireille Caron, Mireille Legault,
Stéphane Angers, Michel Bouvier, Erik C. Joly and Luc
Ménard. “BRET2™: Bioluminescence Resonance
Energy Transfer, a Novel Assay Technology to Examine
GProtein Coupled Receptor Activation in Intact Cells.”
2002
http://las.perkinelmer.com/Content/RelatedMaterials/Po
sters/PSH_BRET2NovelAssayTechnology.pdf (9 October
2007).