This document discusses biofertilizers, including their types and benefits. It defines biofertilizers as microorganisms used to supply nutrients to plants. The main types are nitrogen fixers like Rhizobium, and phosphate solubilizers like Pseudomonas. Biofertilizers can increase crop yields by 15-100% by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus and potassium, and producing plant growth hormones. The document also describes procedures for producing and applying Rhizobium biofertilizer to legume seeds to maximize the benefits.

2. BIOFERTILIZERS: BENEFITS,
PRODUCTION AND METHODS OF
BIOFERTILIZER APPLICATION FOR
DIFFERENT CROPS
DR MD ZAHURUL ISLAM
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER
SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION

3. BIOfertilizer
When we use microorganisms to supply
one or more nutrient elements to crop
plants called biofertilizer.
Or
When microorganisms are used as
fertilizer called biofertilizer.
Also called Microbial fertilizer/
Microbial inoculant

4. TYPES OF FERTILIZERS
 Chemical fertilizer
 Organic manure/fertilizer
 Biofertilizer
Fertilizer for supply nutrient elements
 Major elements: C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
 Micro elements: B, Zn, Fe, Mo, Mn, Cu, Cl
Soil is the store house of plant nuterients

5. DIFFERNCES BETWEEN BIOFERTILIZER, CHEMICAL
FERTILIZER AND ORGANIC MANURE
Sl
no
Chemical fertilizer Organic manure Biofertilizer
1. Originated from
mineral and inorganic
substances i.e. Urea,
TSP, MoP etc.
Originated from
organic sources i.e.
cowdung, compost
etc.
Originated from
microbes.
Bacteria, fungi
etc.
2. Contains one or more
plant nutrients in large
amounts.
More or less all
nutrients in small
amounts.
One or more;
fully or partially
3. Needed small
amount.
Needed large
amount.
Very small
amount.
4. Effects remain lesser
time in soil.
Effects remain long
time in soil.
Long time.
5. No such effect on Good effect . Good effect.

6. TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS
1. Nitrogen fixing
>Symbiotic (Rhizobium,
Bradyrhizobium etc.)
>Nonsymbiotic (Azotobacter,
Azospirillum etc.)
2. Phosphate solubilizing (K solubilizing,
Zn Solubilizing etc. also): Azotobacter,
Pseudomonas
3. Composting

7. MICROORGANISM/ MICROBES
1. Organisms which cannot be seen by naked eye.
2. Organisms which can be seen under microscope.
3. Length or diameter </= 0.1 mm
Examples
1) Protozoa 2) Bacteria
3) Algae 4) Fungi
5) Actinomycetes

13. RHIZOBIUM BIOFERTILIZER
COMPONENTS:
1. Bacterial cultures (Rhizobium)
Rhizobium: Short Rod shaped (0.5-0.9 µm in
breath/diameter and 1.2-3.0 µm in length ),
Flagelated.
2. Peat carrier (Peat soil powder)

14. BENEFITS/NEED OF BIOFERTILIZER
- Fix nitrogen from atmosphere through higher
number of effective nodule formation and gives to
plant directly.
- Solubilizes phosphorus, potassium , zinc etc. It
increases number of branches, pod and finally yield
of crops.
-Synthesizes different growth promoting hormones
which increases plant growth and yield.
- It inhances seed germination.

15.  It controls or suppresses plant diseases which
helps in yield increment.
 It increases soil organic mater which can
sustitute 10-25% nitrogen application in
subsequent non-legume crops- like rice.
 Cheaper and environment friendly.

16. CROP YIELDS INCREASE USING BIOFERTILZER
Crops Yield increment (%)
Lentil 15-35
Chickpea 20-35
Mungbean 20-40
Blackgram 20-35
Cowpea/Falon 15-25
Barbati 18-40
Groundnut 20-40
Soybean 50-100
Sesbania 20-45

21. PROCEDURES OF BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION
1. Selection of Bacterial Strains (Culture)
1) Isolation of bacteria from root nodule
2) Purification (Single colony type)
3) Characterization
-Colony morphology
- Microscopic tests : Simple Staining, Gram
Staining
Motility, Shape and size etc.
- Biochemical tests: BTB, GPA etc.
-Growth tests : in liquid, solid, different pH,
temperature,
- Nodulation test: test tube, leonard jar, growth
pautch, sterilized sand etc.

22. 4) Effectivity in pot culture (growth, nodulation and
yield )
5) Effects in field condition locally (Mymensingh)
6) Effects in field condition regionally (Different AEZ)
-Selection of strains (Development of Strains)
Production of Biofertilizer
Multiplication of bac. Culture (Selected) in Yeast Mannitol
Broth medium

23. PEAT CARRIER PREPARATION
 1. Peat collection
 2. Drying
 3. Grinding
 4. Sieving
 5. Neutralizing using CaCO3
 6. Packing
 7. Irradiating/Sterilization (Through Gamma
radiation)
 8. Peat packet prepared for injecting

24. INJECTING OF BACTERIAL CULTURE INTO PEAT PACK
Strain Population of bacteria
(Cells/ml broth)
Strain > 5 x 108
Peat -- 75 g
Bac. Culture– 25 ml

25. - MIXING
- INCUBATION FOR 7 DAYS
-PACKING WITH APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS
- NOW IT IS READY FOR USE
PRICE : @ 100 TAKA/ KG
10 TAKA / 100 G PACKET
20 TAKA / 200 G PACKET

30. HOW TO APPLY BIOFERTILZER
1. Take seeds in a bowl.
2. Add molasses @ 20-25 g /kg seed and mix well so that
surfaces of all seeds can be coated with molasses.
3. Add biofertilizer to molasses coated seeds @ 30 g/kg
seed for large seed and 50g for small seed and mix well
so that all the seeds are coated by biofertilizer (black
coated).
4. Sow seeds in to field by line sowing method and cover
the seeds by soil. If broadcast then ladder carefully so
that all seeds can be covered by soil.

31. 5. If land is dry irrigate after seed sowing for good
germination.
6. If seeds are treated with pesticides please wash
seeds with water and dry before biofertilization.
 (Note: Sow seeds within 3 hours of bacterization
for good result)

36. PRECAUTIONS IN USING BIOFERTILIZER
 A. At the time of collection
1. Biofertilizer should be collected from
reliable producing organization.
2. Date of production and expiry should be
checked written on packet.
3. Biofertilizer (For legume crops) is crop
specific, so name of crop should be checked
on biofertiler packet.

37.  B. At the time of transpotation
1. Biofertilizer packet should be carried in covered
vehicle so that sunlight cannot fall on packet
directly.
2. Biofertizer should not placed on engine cover or
beside window or on the roof of bus, bacteria
may die.

38. C. At the time of preservation/storing
1. Should be preserved in dry cool place i.e. aerated
house.
2. Should not be preserved beside stove, burner, heater
or open window where sunlight comes.
3. Should not be preserved in big hip, bacteria may die
without aeration.
4. Biofertilizer should place in dealers shop on wooden
rake arranged in 5/6 layers.