Bioelectronic medicines are tiny implanted devices that treat disease by modulating neural signaling patterns to specific organs. They include pacemakers, deep brain stimulators, cochlear implants, and biosensors. Pacemakers regulate heartbeat while deep brain stimulators treat Parkinson's and epilepsy. Biosensors can monitor glucose, lactate, and intraocular pressure. Though promising, bioelectronic medicines still face challenges and more research is needed before widespread clinical use.

1. BIOELECTRONIC
MEDICINES
PREPARED BY:
ASHWINI AKHOTE, AISHWARYA MAHANGADE, PRIYANKA POTE, SHEFALI
WANKHEDE, MAYURI BORBANE
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
MODERN COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, NIGDI, PUNE

2. INTRODUCTION TO BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES
• Bio electronic medicines are a tiny implanted device treating disease by changing
the electric pulses in nerves to and from specific organs.
• The vision of bio electronic medicine is one of miniature, implantable devices that
can be attached to individual peripheral nerves anywhere in the viscera, extending
beyond early clinical examples in hypertension.
• Such devices will be able to decipher and modulate neural signalling patterns,
achieving therapeutic effects that are targeted at single functions of specific
organs.

4. HOW IT WORKS?

9. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• Heart Pacemaker:
• Used in the patients having arrythmia or severe cardiac disorders. About 3 million people
worldwide are living with a pacemaker, and each year about 600,000 pacemakers are implanted
to treat people with bradycardia.
• Pacemakers regulates the heart beat, treats arrythmias. The pacemaker continuously monitors
your heartbeat and delivers electrical energy (as programmed by your physician) to pace your
heart if it’s beating too slowly.
• Lithium primary batteries are used in heart pacemaker that lasts for five years.
• Cost is Rs. 1lakh to 9 lakhs
• Marketing companies: Medtronic, Biotronic, St. Jude medical.

10. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• BRAIN PACEMAKER
• Used in treatment of Parkinson's disease, epileptics, tremors.
• Deep brain stimulations involves implanting an electrode deep inside the brain.
• The amount of stimulation delivered by the electrode is controlled by
neurotransmitter. Stimulations are passed through vagus nerve. It is placed under the
skin in your chest region.
• A wire that travels under your skin connects the device to the electrode.
• Total cost- 8 L to 15 L
• Marketed companies: Boston scientific corporation, St. Jude medical.

11. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• Bionic eye ( bioelectronic eye)
• Restores vision during visual blindness.
• ARTIFICIAL EYE is different from bionic eye.
• Total cost: 22 L
• Marketing companies: Neostrata company, Pixium vision, Ibionics.

12. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• BIOSENSORS:
• These are analytical devices used to detect the chemical substance that combines a
biological component with a physicochemical detector.
• Used to measure the enzyme composition, ions, molecules in body fluids.
• Used to measure the body temperature and measure the stress in specific parts.
• Examples:
• Artificial lens: smart contact lenses with an embedded glucose sensor can monitor
the concentration of glucose in tears (through graphene channel sensor). Specifically
useful in diabetic patients instead of painful piercing for blood glucose measurement.

13. BIOSENSORS
• Measurement of intra optical pressure: Contact lens method is one of the
promising method to measure the IOP in glaucoma patients. The changes in the
corneal curvature are sensed by strain gauge sensor.
• Measures lactic acid concentration: Lactic acid concentration is used to detect
hypoxia or elevated salt concentration in body. Amperometric L-Lactic acid sensor is
embedded in contact lenses that helps to measure the lactic acid concentration in
tears. This method is replacing painful ejaculation of blood from veins.
• Drug delivery using contact lenses: Most of the optic drugs are delivered through
eye drops or eye gels, that causing poor patient compliance. By using the smart
contact lens drug bioavailability is increased by 50%

14. BIOSENSORS
• Fungal keratitis is a serious eye disease, which often leads to eye infections and
blindness.
• Drug-delivery contact lens for the treatment of fungal keratitis based on
hydrogels which consisted of HTCC (N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium
chitosan chloride), graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles, and Voriconazole
(Vor). HTCC has good hydrophilicity and is an excellent hydrogel matrix. Silver
nanoparticles and HTCC can enhance the antifungal and antimicrobial abilities of
lenses. (Research is going on..)
• Marketing Company: Omni Lenses, Ophtho India
• Cost: 5 K To 30 K

15. BIOSENSORS
• Wristband
• The basic principle involved in this biosensor is reverse ionophoresis, through this
mechanism the glucose concentration is measured by extracting through skin
interstitial fluid. It measures the heart rate, pulse rate, and arterial blood pressure.
• This device is also capable of measuring the daily activities including gesture,
motion and patient monitoring.
• Marketing companies: Xiomi, Huawei, IBM
• Cost: 1k to 5 k

16. BIOSENSORS
• Mouthguard biosensor
• Cavitas are installed in mouth cavity to sense the concentration of glucose and
salivary enzymes in the saliva. In neonates, monitoring of vital signs and
symptoms, the development of portable and non invasive health devices are of
great interest as infants cannot speak about the discomfort.
• Still research is going on..

17. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• Cochlear Implant
• To help profoundly deaf adults and children’s who get benefit from hearing aids.
• It is attached to angle of mandible or jawbone.
• Cost: 1L to 3L
• Marketing company: Sivantos, Sonova, Starkey

18. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• Artificial Kidney:
• Provides cleansing and pure ion balance on continuous basis
• Used in patients with kidney failure or kidney disfunctioning.
• Marketing companies: Baxter, Fresenius, Medtronics
• Total cost: 5L to 6L

19. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• HEPA Liver by Hepalife technologies
• HEPA life’s bioartificial liver device system is able to successfully retain the highest level of liver
specific metabolic activity.
• It is mimicking most of the important functions of the human liver for 14 days .
• Notably, HepaLife's PICM-19 cell line successfully removed toxic ammonia, produced urea, and
expressed CYP-450 enzymes all leading indicators of liver function. While HepaLife's PICM-19
cells maintained their differentiated hepatocyte function and CYP-450 activity in the presence of
human plasma, CYP-450 activity was rapidly lost in conventional cell technologies, including
primary hepatocytes.
• Total cost: up to 20 L

20. BIOELECTRONIC MEDICINES TYPES
• Artificial Pancreas By Medtronic
• It mimics normal pancreatic insulin stimulation, it results in normalized carbohydrate
and lipid metabolism, it stops the complications and the tissues heal themselves, it
needs only be used 2 to 4 times a month to achieve these results.
• The device – which is almost the size of an iPhone – can be attached to the stomach,
buttock of kids or on thighs of patients wearing dhoti. Insulin must be refilled every
three days. 780G is so unique that the device need not be removed even while
bathing or swimming. A tiny remote control, the contour meter helps glucose
monitoring, insulin infusion and wireless communication between devices. The device
is painless and ideal for kids.
• Total cost- 5L to 6L

21. MARKETING COMPANIES
• Abbott Laboratories
• BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG
• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Cochlear Limited
• electroCore, Inc.
• Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
• LivaNova PLC
• Medtronic PLC
• Nevro Corp.
• The global bioelectric medicine market will reach $39.06 billion by 2030, growing by 6.4% annually over 2020-2030 driven by
growing geriatric population and rising acceptance of bioelectric medicines.

22. Advantages

23. DISADVANTAGES

24. APPLICATIONS

25. CONCLUSION