This document discusses new trends in diabetes technology that could eliminate the need for finger pricking to monitor blood glucose levels. It describes several emerging technologies, including non-invasive glucose monitors that use light, sound, or other methods to detect blood sugar through the skin without needles. Some examples discussed are wearable patches that deliver insulin through ultrasound-assisted transdermal delivery and sensors placed in the eye that can measure glucose levels from tear fluid. The document argues these new methods could improve outcomes by increasing compliance with treatment regimens and reducing disease transmission risks compared to traditional needle injections and finger pricks.

1. NEEDLE FREE DIABETES CARE
PRESENTED BY
M.VENKATESH ASHOK B.SC MBA
MPH (PUBLIC HEALTH)
JIPMER.

2. INTRODUCTION
• To overcome the problems related to needle based
injections there is one technology that has received
constant attention during the past few years that has
all of the sought after benefits .
• Needle free injection technology was discovered in
19thcentury in France.
• Will the daily routine of finger pricking to monitor
blood glucose levels finally come to an end for the
millions worldwide living with Diabetes.

3. CONT.
• Every 6 seconds, a person dies from this chronic
metabolic disease…Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic
chronic disease that affects around 382 million people
worldwide.
• To monitor blood glucose levels diabetics have to
frequently check their blood sugar by pricking their
finger with a lancet to obtain a small blood sample.

4. DEFINITION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
• Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s
ability to produce or use insulin. Insulin is a
hormone. When your body turns the food you
eat into energy (also called sugar or glucose),
insulin is released to help transport this energy
to the cells.
• Insulin acts as a “key.” Its chemical message tells
the cell to open and receive glucose. If you produce
little or no insulin, or are insulin resistant, too much
sugar remains in your blood.
• Blood glucose levels are higher than normal for
individuals with diabetes.

5. TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
• There are two main types of diabetes:
Type 1 and Type 2.
Type 1 diabetes
• When you are affected with Type 1 diabetes, your
pancreas does not produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes is
also called juvenile diabetes, since it is often
diagnosed in children or teens. This type accounts
for 5-10 percent of people with diabetes.

6. CONT.
Type 2 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not
produce enough insulin, or when the cells are
unable to use insulin properly, which is called insulin
resistance.
• Type 2 diabetes is commonly called “adult-
onset diabetes” since it is diagnosed later in life,
generally after the age of 45. 90-95 percent of
people with diabetes have this type.
• In recent years Type 2 diabetes has been
diagnosed in younger people, including children,
more frequently than in the past.

7. NEW TRENDS IN DIABETES TECHNOLOGY
• GLUCO SENSE
• NOVIO SENSE
• GLUCO-WISE
• OPTICAL GLUCOSE MONITORING
• STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH
• ROLL-ON INSULIN

8. GLUCO SENSE
• GLUCO SENSE is a spin-out company jointly formed
and funded by Net Scientific and the University of Leeds
which is developing a non invasive device based on the
technology of proprietary photonics.
• Its basic component is a NANO-engineered silica glass
with ions that fluoresce in the infrared region when
simulated by a low power laser.
• When the glass is in contact with the user’s skin, the
reflected fluorescence signal varies based on the
concentration of glucose in their blood and one can
acquire the glucose concentration measurement in
less than 30 seconds.

9. CONT.

10. NOVIO SENSE
• NOVIO SENSE is a Dutch start-up working on an
implantable glucose sensor uses tear fluid to
measure glucose levels. The device consists of
a 15 mm-long metal coil coated in a hydrophilic
gel. The flexible form factor allows the device to
bend to conform to the surface of the lower eye
lid where the sensor is placed.
• The coil moves to the correct place in the eye and
the gel coating hydrates swells to increase contact
between the metal coil and the eye fluid.
• NOVIO SENSE, the device can measure minute
changes in glucose levels in the tears that are
representative of blood glucose levels.

11. CONT.
• NOVIO SENSE

12. GLUCO-WISE
• GLUCO-WISE is a new product from Medi Wise a
med tech knowledge-driven company that
empowers individuals to take control of their health.
It was founded in 2010 by a team of entrepreneurial
individuals in London and aims to tackle relevant
health problems.
• The GLUCO-WISE sensor is positioned to gently
squeeze the skin between the thumb and
forefinger or the earlobe to measure blood
glucose levels. The device then displays the
reading in real-time on the screen without
having to pierce the skin.

13. CONT.

14. OPTICAL GLUCOSE MONITORING
• Made by C8 MEDI Sensors base in San Jose, CA, this
gadget uses light to identify and analyze glucose
molecules under the skin, via interstitial fluid. The
resulting vibrations of the molecules are monitored
by the sensor which shows readings on the a small
portable monitor worn on the skin underneath
clothing.

15. STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH
• Transdermal Specialties is developing a stick-on insulin
patch called the U-Strip that delivers insulin through the
skin.
• Well, the U-Strip uses ultrasonic waves that expand
the pores, allowing the insulin to slip through the
skin and seep into the blood stream.
• The patch would apparently last for several days, and
would be compatible with mobile devices that allow WDs
and physicians to monitor blood sugar levels.

16. CONT.
• STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH

17. ROLL-ON INSULIN
• (Philadelphia, PA) is developing technologies that would
replace the poke with a patch. The company is working
on a transdermal biosensor that reads blood analyzes
through the skin without drawing blood. The technology
involves a handheld electric-toothbrush-like device that
removes just enough top-layer skin cells to put the
patient's blood chemistry within signal range of a patch-
borne biosensor. The sensor collects one reading per
minute and sends the data wirelessly to a remote
monitor, triggering audible alarms when levels go
out of the patient's optimal range and tracking
glucose levels over time. Wireless technology will send
minute-by-minute readings to smartphones, computers,
tablets, and just like current CGMs, this system will have
alarms and graphics to monitor.

18. CONT.
• ROLL-ON INSULIN

19. ADVANTAGES OF
NEW TRENDS IN DIABETES TECHNOLOGY
• It is trouble free, simple and self administration
• Low sensation and safety
• Elimination of needle phobia
• Minimal skin response and no bleeding or brushing
• Easy and safe disposable
• Easy to transport and store without refrigeration
• Excellent dose response is observed with increasing
drug doses
• Rapid delivery of drug to systematic circulation

20. CONCLUSION
• Needle free technology offers the very obvious benefits
of reducing patient concern about conventional needles
and no needle disposable issues
• Not only it can benefit pharmaceutical industry in
increasing product sales, it has the added potential to
increase compliance with dosage regimens and improved
outcomes
• In the developing world ,there are major challenges of
disease transmission through re-use of needles
• Organization such as WHO AND CDC (Center for Disease
Control) and groups like gate foundation have
supported the development of needle free alternatives
for drug delivery.

21. REFERENCES
• Hinkle J.L., & Cheever K. (2014). The 13th edition of
Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa.
• www.cdc.com
• www.expresshealthcaregmt.com
• https://www.davita.com/kidney-disease/causes/diabetes/