Biodiversity presentation
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Here are five sentence answers to the questions: Introduced species can negatively affect biodiversity in an ecosystem by competing with and preying upon native species, often driving some native species to extinction. They disrupt the natural balance and niche relationships that have developed over long periods of time. Pollution can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem by poisoning organisms, destroying habitats, and causing reproductive problems that weaken populations and make species more vulnerable to extinction. Pollution like oil spills or pesticides can kill many organisms at once or accumulate in the food chain. If the current mass extinction continues at its predicted rate, it will drastically reduce global biodiversity and disrupt ecosystem functions and services that humans rely on. Whole ecosystems may collapse as keystone
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Biodiversity presentation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of species on Earth, which provides resources and helps maintain the atmosphere and soil fertility. Loss of biodiversity occurs when species disappear from ecosystems, altering interactions and functions. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, introduced species, pollution, population growth, and climate change, which can cause mass extinctions that profoundly impact Earth.
Causes of extinction
Biodiversity loss and species extinction can occur through natural causes or human disruption of the environment. Natural causes include evolution, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics, which can destroy habitats. Human disruption involves activities like habitat destruction, climate change, overhunting, pollution, and warfare, which have accelerated species extinction, especially in the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs as human populations and impacts expanded. Conservation efforts aim to protect vulnerable and endangered species from extinction.
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2. Populations grow exponentially at first but then level off as they approach the carrying capacity of their environment due to limiting factors.
3. Communities and ecosystems change over time through primary and secondary succession as species composition alters in response to environmental disturbances or changes.
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Recommended
Biodiversity presentation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of species on Earth, which provides resources and helps maintain the atmosphere and soil fertility. Loss of biodiversity occurs when species disappear from ecosystems, altering interactions and functions. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, introduced species, pollution, population growth, and climate change, which can cause mass extinctions that profoundly impact Earth.
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Biodiversity loss and species extinction can occur through natural causes or human disruption of the environment. Natural causes include evolution, asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics, which can destroy habitats. Human disruption involves activities like habitat destruction, climate change, overhunting, pollution, and warfare, which have accelerated species extinction, especially in the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs as human populations and impacts expanded. Conservation efforts aim to protect vulnerable and endangered species from extinction.
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Habitat fragmentation involves reducing the area of habitats and dividing remaining habitat into smaller, isolated patches. This disrupts connectivity and species may struggle to adjust. Fragmentation begins with gap formation and increases over time as gaps expand and connectivity is lost. Biological consequences include initial exclusion of species, crowding in fragments, insularization effects, isolation, edge effects, and matrix effects. Roads pose additional threats through mortality, barriers to movement, and enabling invasive species. Species vulnerable to fragmentation are endemics, interior specialists, those requiring mixed habitats, and those with low mobility or reproduction.
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3. Communities and ecosystems change over time through primary and secondary succession as species composition alters in response to environmental disturbances or changes.
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- Flagship species are popular, charismatic species that stimulate conservation awareness.
- Keystone species have impacts beyond their abundance and disproportionately influence ecosystem structure.
- Ruderal species are found in environments with high disturbance and low competition.
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- Dominant species are abundant and have significant influence over ecosystem composition and structure.
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This document defines and provides examples of several types of species:
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- Umbrella species have impacts beyond their biomass that protect other species.
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- Dominant species are abundant and have significant influence over ecosystem composition and structure.
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Similar to Biodiversity presentation
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3) Loss of biodiversity can destabilize ecosystems because each species plays an important role; if a keystone species disappears, the ecosystem may collapse.
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11220141Community Ecology IStability, Resilience.docx
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Community Ecology I
Stability, Resilience
WFC 10 – D. A. Kelt
A biological community is defined by the species that occupy a
particular locality and the interactions among those species.
A Primer of Conservation Biology, 3rd ed. R. B. Primack 2004
Community Ecology is the study of biological communities.
In what ways are communities organized, structured, predictable?
In what ways are they not?
Note the difference between “habitat” and “community.”
The former refers to a physical location,
whereas the latter refers to constituent species.
Many communities may appear very similar.
Coniferous Forest
near Mt. Rainier
central Oregon
King’s Canyon National Park
Sandy Desert
Sahara Desert
Simpson Desert (Australia)
Death Valley, California
Thus, there may be great variation
from point to point in these
communities
One major way in which they differ is
in composition – the particular species
that occur at a site.
Example: Burrowing
mammals
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
Ecologically similar species in different
regions with different evolutionary origins.
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
11/2/2014
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Often true at smaller spatial scales as well . . .
Geomys
Eastern Pocket Gophers
Cratogeomys
Yellow-faced Pocket Gophers
Pappogeomys
Southern Pocket Gophers
Thomomys
Western Pocket Gophers
4 genera of North American
pocket gophers
From a conservation perspective we are interested in how
stable a community is in the face of anthropogenic abuses.
Stability – often portrayed in simple cartoon fashion as follows:
So, given all this variation, how are communities structured,
and how do they respond to disturbance?
Global Stability Local Stability
Stability may be measured by a community’s fluctuation over time.
Communities often remain stable over time.
However, they may be perturbed by some external force.
What happens then?
The American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
made up >40% of trees in mature eastern
deciduous forest.
Chestnut blight – introduced to New York City in ca. 1900
By 1950 only 1 remaining large tree in North America
What impact did this enormous loss have on
the biota of eastern North America?
Perhaps surprisingly, essentially no impact.
Eastern deciduous forests are very diverse – maples, oaks, hickories, catalpa, etc. Loss of American chestnut led to NO major changes in animal or plant communities.
Black bears may have suffered from loss of mast.
Thus, this was a relatively minor perturbation
from the perspective of the community – it
evidently shifted to a different local stable point.
Seven butterfly/moth species were specialists on
American chestnut, and have gone extinct.
Another 49 Lepidopterans simply shifted their hosts.
11/2/2014
3
Pollution – another
perturbation that can
result in ecological
deteriorat.
En danger and treatened
This document discusses endangered and threatened species in the Philippines. It outlines several major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss, introduction of invasive species, overhunting, climate change, and more. Certain characteristics make species more vulnerable to endangerment, like large size, specialized diets/habitats, low reproduction rates, and small population sizes. Endemic and rare species are at high risk due to limited distributions. The document reviews criteria used by IUCN to evaluate endangered species status and lists numbers of threatened species in the Philippines according to these criteria.
Extinction
Local, ecological, and biological extinction are defined. Population genetics and limited geographic range increase extinction risk, while habitat degradation from agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities is currently the main cause of species extinction. Introduction of new competing species and climate change further threaten biodiversity by causing extinctions, while conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and ecosystems.
Animal extinction
Definition of Species Extinction
Type of Extinction
Factor of Extinction
List of Extinct Animal
Solution
Human impact
Human activities are causing widespread extinction of species around the globe at a rate of 8 species lost every hour. Factors driving extinction include habitat loss due to agriculture, urban development, pollution, introduced species, mining and climate change. Examples of recently extinct Australian species include the Tasmanian tiger and several rodents. The introduction of non-native plants and animals can negatively impact ecosystems by competing with and precluding native species. While preservation of natural habitats is key to protecting biodiversity, human population growth and resource consumption continue to stress the environment.
chapter 9.pptx
This document discusses ways to protect biodiversity and wild species from extinction. It describes how establishing protected areas, international treaties like CITES, and national laws like the U.S. Endangered Species Act help conserve species by identifying threatened species, protecting their habitats, and regulating trade and actions that could harm populations. While more funding is needed, these policies have helped stabilize many endangered species and prevent the extinction of others.
Threats to biological diversity
The document discusses various threats to biological diversity, including:
1) Habitat loss and degradation from human activities like agriculture, deforestation, pollution, and climate change which drive many species to extinction.
2) Overexploitation of natural resources and overharvesting of species beyond sustainable levels.
3) Introduction of exotic invasive species which outcompete and prey upon native species, especially threatening island ecosystems. Loss of species leads to impoverished ecosystems and permanent loss of genetic diversity.
Conservation 4.2
The document discusses factors that lead to loss of biodiversity such as introduced species, natural hazards, agriculture, habitat degradation, pollution, and hunting. It then evaluates characteristics that make species more vulnerable to extinction, such as being habitat specialists, having low reproductive rates, large body size, low population densities, narrow geographic ranges, and small/declining population sizes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List highlights species at higher risk of extinction based on population trends, geographic distribution, habitat quality and other factors.
Presentatn1-1.pptx
The colonization of tropical Pacific islands by humans led to the extinction of over 2,000 species of native birds. The IUCN Red List documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years, including 359 invertebrates, 338 vertebrates, and 87 plants. Habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species, and co-extinction are the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Habitat loss, like the reduction of tropical rainforests from 14% to 6% of land area, deprives many species of home and resources, threatening their survival.
Presentatn1.pptx
The document discusses several key causes of biodiversity loss:
1) Habitat loss and fragmentation, primarily from clearing of tropical rainforests and degradation of habitats, is the leading cause of extinction as it removes species' homes and isolates populations.
2) Over-exploitation for human needs and greed has led to the extinction of many marine and land species.
3) Alien species invasions, such as the introduction of the Nile perch in Lake Victoria, have caused the extinction of many native species as the invaders outcompete locals.
4) Co-extinction occurs when a species goes extinct because another closely-related species it depends on goes extinct.
Biodiversity and Evolution
Causes of Species Extinction
There are several causes of species extinction according to the document. Hunting, trapping, habitat destruction, pollution, and overharvesting can all directly cause populations to decline and potentially go extinct. Indirect causes of extinction mentioned include climate change, water and air pollution, and human activities that destroy coastal and forest habitats. As human populations and activities increase, they place greater pressure on global biodiversity by contributing to problems like deforestation, pollution, and overexploitation of natural resources. Maintaining sustainable practices is important to prevent further species losses.
Biodiversity and Evolution
Causes of Species Extinction
There are several threats that can lead to species extinction, including habitat destruction, pollution, overharvesting, and human overpopulation. Deforestation due to kaingin farming and illegal logging destroys wildlife habitats in the Philippines. Water pollution from garbage, factories, and agricultural runoff causes eutrophication and fish kills. Air pollution from vehicle emissions produces smog and acid rain. Coastal destruction from activities like mining, fishing, and development damages coral reefs and mangrove forests. Climate change from greenhouse gas emissions raises global temperatures and endangers many species. Conservation efforts are needed to achieve sustainable development and protect biodiversity.
REPORT ON SPECIES EXTINCTION.docx
Scientists predict more than 1 million species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades due to human activity causing global environmental change. Major threats include overexploitation of natural resources, habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and climate change. Examples are given of endangered species in India such as the one-horned rhinoceros, Nilgiri tahr, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, red panda, and blackbuck. Ways to help protect species include visiting protected areas, reducing waste, not purchasing endangered species products, donating to conservation organizations, growing native plants, and educating others.
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Biodiversity presentation
- 1. TOPIC: BIODIVERSITY Essential Question: Explain biodiversity and why it is important to have a diverse ecosystems.
- 2. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Take Cornell Notes 2. Stop & Answer Questions ~Answer on a plain sheet of notebook paper 3. Write the question & your answer. (Your answer MUST be in complete sentence.) 4. You MUST have a minimum of five (5) sentences for each question.
- 3. Biodiversity iodiversity refers to the number and variety of species on Earth. he number of known species on Earth is about 1.6 million, most of which are insects. his is different from the actual number of species on Earth, which may be closer to 13
- 4. Importance of Biodiversity iodiversity provides: a variety of products and resources a livable planet for us and for all other species. iodiversity helps: maintain the atmosphere keep the soil fertile
- 5. Loss of Biodiversity e share the environment with other organisms in a complex network. ach species has a role or niche to play in its ecosystem. f one species disappears from an ecosystem, the ecosystem changes. eystone species are species that are so important to the functioning of an ecosystem that if they disappear, the ecosystem falls apart.
- 6. An Example in Texas: Black-tailed Prairie lack-tailed prairie dogs once Dogs roamed the western mid-west. Now cover less than 1% of their original territory. Digging aerates and promotes soil formation. Clip back brush maintaining the short grass prairie. Provide food and shelter for as many as 170 different animals.
- 7. Main Threats to Biodiversity • Habitat loss • Introduced species • Population growth • Pollution
- 8. he destruction of habitats is the number Habitat Loss one cause of species extinction.
- 9. Introduced Species onnative or Exotic species that are not native to a particular region. ire ants from South America entered the U.S. through Mobile, Alabama, probably in soil used for ships' ballasts. They were accidentally introduced around the 1930's and have been spreading ever since.
- 10. Population Growth here are 6 billion humans living on Earth. arth’s population of human beings is increasing at a rate of about 222,000 people each day. umans take up more space and deplete more resources than any other species.
- 11. an be an oil spill, acid rain, trash or Pollution insecticides that can cause reproductive failure in fish, birds, and mammals (like DDT).
- 12. Extinction Extinction occurs when the last individual of a species dies. an Marcos Gambusia, Texas, 1983 exas red wolf, Oklahoma, Texas, 1970
- 13. Mass Extinction • the extinction of many species during a relatively short period of time. • often caused by a change in climate. • Many scientists believe that we are living in a mass extinction, and that by the year 2100, 25% or more of all species of plants and animals that were on Earth in 1900 will have become extinct.
- 14. Stop & Answer: ow do introduced species affect biodiversity in an ecosystem? ow does pollution affect biodiversity in an ecosystem? ow will this mass extinction affect Earth? ow does habitat loss affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?