Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a given area. It includes genetic diversity within species, species diversity within biological communities, and ecosystem diversity within biomes. Biodiversity increases ecosystem stability and contributes to a healthy biosphere. However, human activities like habitat loss, pollution, and overexploitation are threatening biodiversity by increasing extinction rates. Efforts to protect biodiversity include creating protected natural areas, sustainable resource use, and international agreements.
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment, and scientific management of biodiversity to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation.
The presentation is aimed for undergraduate students and covers the details of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem as well as aquatic ecosystems. It is suitable for compulsory environmental science course at undergraduate level. The content has been simplified for easy understanding of both science as well as humanities students.
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
threats to biodiversity, conservation of aquatic biodiversity, conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, what is biodiversity, biodiversity of India, conservation of biodiversity
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment, and scientific management of biodiversity to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation.
The presentation is aimed for undergraduate students and covers the details of forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem as well as aquatic ecosystems. It is suitable for compulsory environmental science course at undergraduate level. The content has been simplified for easy understanding of both science as well as humanities students.
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
threats to biodiversity, conservation of aquatic biodiversity, conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, what is biodiversity, biodiversity of India, conservation of biodiversity
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among living organisms from all sources ,including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem sand the ecological complexes of which they area part.
It contains following details:
Biodiversity
Levels or types of Biodiversity
Values of Biodiversity
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Criteria of Determining Hotspots
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
Importance of Biodiversity
General Botany Group four presentation.
This presentation focus on so many biological related topics. It primarily focus on conservation of life in any biodiversity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. What is biodiversity ?
• Extinction is a process that happens when an entire
species permanently disappears from the biosphere
due to the death of the species’ last member.
• Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area that is
determined by the number of different species in
that area.
• Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem
and contributes to the health of the biosphere.
4. GeNetiC diversity
• The variety of genes or inheritable
characteristics that are present in a
population comprises its genetic diversity.
• Genetic diversity within an interbreeding
population increases the chances that some
species will survive during changing
environmental conditions or during the
outbreak of disease.
5. speCies diversity
• The number of
different species and
the relative
abundance of each
species in a biological
community is called
species diversity.
6. eCosystem diversity
• The variety of ecosystems that are present in
the biosphere is called ecosystem diversity.
• An ecosystem is made up of interacting
populations and the abiotic factors that
support them.
• All of the ecosystems on Earth support a
diverse collection of organisms.
7. the importaNCe oF
biodiversity
• There are direct and indirect economic, aesthetic,
and scientific reasons for preserving biodiversity.
Domestic corn plant Teosinte plant Madagascar periwinkle
8. Direct economic Value
• Humans depend on plants and animals to provide food,
clothing, energy, medicine, and shelter.
• Genetic diversity in species that might be needed in the
future is important because…
– Most of the world’s food crops come from just a few species.
– Wild species serve as reservoirs of desirable genetic traits that might
be needed to improve domestic crop species (disease- and insect-
resistance).
– Many of the medicines that are used today are derived from plants or
other organisms.
– Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other
organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases.
– However, many species of organisms are yet to be identified,
especially in remote regions of Earth, so their usefulness in providing
extracts or useful genes is unknown.
9. inDirect economic Value
• A healthy biosphere provides many services to
humans and other organisms that live on Earth.
• Green plants provide oxygen to the atmosphere and
remove carbon dioxide.
• Natural processes provide drinking water that is safe
for human use.
• Healthy ecosystems provide protection against
floods and droughts, generate and preserve healthful
fertile soils, detoxify and decompose wastes, and
regulate local climates.
10. aesthetic anD scientific
Value
• It is difficult to attach a value to something
that is beautiful or something that is
interesting to study.
• Perhaps it is best to consider how life would
be if all that was present on Earth was a
barren and desolate landscape.
• The value of biodiversity and healthy
ecosystems would be more obvious to us
then.
11. extinction rates
• The accelerated loss of species began several
centuries ago.
• Many of the species’ extinction in the past have
occurred on islands.
• Islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction due
to several factors.
– Many species evolved without the presence of natural
predators.
– Introduction of nonnative species with diseases.
– Islands have relatively small populations sizes
12. factors that threaten
BioDiVersity
• The current high rate of extinction is due to the
activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
• Humans are changing conditions on Earth faster than
new traits can evolve to cope with the new
conditions.
• Evolving species might not have the natural
resources they need.
• Natural resources are all materials and organisms
found in the biosphere, including minerals, fossil
fuels, nuclear fuels, plants, animals, soil, clean water,
clean air, and solar energy.
13. oVerexploitation
• Overexploitation, or
excessive use, of species
that have economic value is
a factor increasing the
current rate of extinction.
• Historically,
overexploitation was the
primary cause of species
extinction.
– Bison
– Passenger Pigeons
– Ocelot
– Rhinoceros
14. haBitat loss
• If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might
have to relocate or they will die.
• Destruction of habitat - such as the clearing of tropical
rainforests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity.
• Disruption of habitat - the declining population of one species
can affect an entire ecosystem.
15. Fragmentation oF Habitat
• The separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of
land is called habitat fragmentation.
– The smaller the parcel of land, the fewer species it can
support.
– Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for individuals in
one area to reproduce with individuals from another area.
(Genetic diversity decreases over time)
– Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases
the number of edges—creating edge effects.
16. edge eFFects
• Edge effects are different environmental
conditions (abiotic factors) that occur along
the boundaries of an ecosystem.
• Edge effects often make species more
vulnerable to predators and parasites.
• Edge effects do not always create a
disadvantage for all species.
• Some species find these conditions favorable
and they thrive.
17. Pollution - biological magniFication
• Pollution and atmospheric
changes threaten biodiversity
and global stability.
• Biological magnification is the
increasing concentration of
toxic substances in organisms
as trophic levels increase in a
food chain or food web.
• Pesticides - DDT
18. Pollution – acid rain
• Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and
other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and
nitric acid.
• Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and
other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of
these nutrients.
• It damages plant tissue and slows their growth.
• Sometimes, the acid concentration is so high in lakes,
rivers, and streams that fish and other organisms die.
19. Pollution - eutroPHication
• Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal
wastes, sewage, or other substances rich in nitrogen
and phosphorus flow into waterways, causing
extensive algae growth.
• The algae use up the oxygen supply during their
rapid growth and after their deaths during the
decaying process.
• Other organisms in the water suffocate.
• Eutrophication is a natural process, but human
activities have accelerated the rate at which it
occurs.
20. natural resources
• Resources that are replaced by natural processes
faster than they are consumed are called renewable
resources.
– Solar energy, agricultural plants, animals, clean water, and
clean air
• Resources that are found on Earth in limited
amounts or those that are replaced by natural
processes over extremely long periods of time are
called nonrenewable resources.
– Fossil fuels, mineral deposits, and radioactive uranium
21. sustainable use
• Sustainable use means using resources at a
rate in which they can be replaced or recycled
while preserving the long-term environmental
health of the biosphere.
• Conservation of resources includes reducing
the amount of resources that are consumed,
recycling resources that can be recycled, and
preserving ecosystems, as well as using them
in a responsible manner.
22. Protecting Biodiversity
• Many efforts are underway worldwide to slow the loss of
biodiversity and to work toward sustainable use of
natural resources.
• Protected areas in the United States include national
parks and nature reserves. First national park – 1872 –
Yellowstone National Park.
• Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is set
aside as some type of reserve.
• The United Nations supports a system of Biosphere
Reserves and World Heritage sites.
23. corridors Between HaBitat
Fragments
• Improve the survival of biodiversity by
providing corridors, or passageways, between
habitat fragments.
• Advantage - creates a larger piece of land that
can sustain a wider variety of species and a
wider variety of genetic variation.
• Disadvantage – Disease can easily pass from
one area to the next and the edge effect
increases.
24. Bioremediation
• The use of living organisms, such
as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants,
to detoxify a polluted area is
called bioremediation.
– Microorganisms can be used in
ecosystems to remove toxins from
soils that are contaminated by
accidental oil or fuel spills.
– Some species of plants are being
used to remove toxic substances
such as zinc, lead, nickel, and
organic chemicals. From damaged
soils.
25. LegaLLy Protecting
Biodiversity
• During the 1970’s, a great deal of attention was
focused on the destruction to the environment and
maintaining biodiversity.
• Laws were enacted in countries around the world
and many treaties between countries were signed in
an effort to preserve the environment.
• Since the 1970’s, many more laws and treaties have
been enacted and signed with the purpose of
preserving biodiversity for future generations.