Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science combining biology and acoustics that investigates sound production, dispersion, and reception in animals. It involves studying the neurophysiological and anatomical basis of sound production and detection, and how acoustic sounds relate to the medium they disperse through. Bioacoustics also examines animal sounds to estimate biomass, especially for fisheries management using sonar technology. The field was established by biologist Ivan Regen in the 1920s through his studies of insect sounds. Modern bioacoustics research analyzes animal acoustic signals recorded with specialized equipment to understand sound production, detection, and use across different animal species.

1. BIOACOUSTIC

2. ABHISHEK JHA

3. INTRODUCTION
Is a cross- disciplinary science that combine
Biology and Acoustics.
Usually it refers to the investigation of sound
production, dispersion and reception in
Animal(including human).
This involves neurophysiological
and anatomical basis of sound production and
detection, and relation of acoustic sound to
the medium they disperse through.

4. The findings provide clues about the evolution
of acoustic mechanisms and from that the
evolution of animals that employ them.
In underwater acoustics and fisheries acoustics
the term is also used to mean the effect
of plants and animals on sound propagated
underwater usually in reference to the use
of sonar technology for biomass estimation.

5. HISTORY
 Bioacoustics as a scientific discipline was established
by the Slovene biologist Ivan Regen who began
systematically to study insect sounds.
 In 1925 he used a special stridulatory device to play in
a duet with an insect.
 Regen's most important contribution to the field apart
from realization that insects also detect airborne
sounds was the discovery of tympanal organ's function.

6. Methods in bioacoustics
Listening is still one of the main methods used
in bioacoustical research.
Little is known about neurophysiological
processes that play a role in production,
detection and interpretation of sounds in
animals, so animal behaviour and the signals
themselves are used for gaining insight into
these processes.

7. 1. ACOUSTIC SIGNALS
2. SOUND PRODUCTION,DETECTION
AND USE IN ANIMALS
3. BIOMASS ESTIMATION

8. Acoustic signals
 Investigation of animal sounds also includes signal
recording with electronic recording equipment.
 Due to the wide range of signal properties and media
they propagate through, specialized equipment may be
required instead of the usual microphone, such as
a hydrophone (for underwater sounds), detectors
of ultrasound (very high-frequency sounds)
or infrasound (very low-frequency sounds), or a laser
vibrometer (substrate-borne vibrational signals).

9. Computer are used for storing and analysis of
recorded sounds.
Specialized sound-editing software is used for
describing and sorting signals according to
their intensity, frequency duration and other
parameters.

10. Sound production, detection
and use in animals
 Scientists in the field of bioacoustics are interested in
anatomy and neurophysiology of organs involved in
sound production and detection, including their
shape, muscle action, and activity of neuronal networks
involved.
 Phonotaxy -- directional movement towards the
signal source. By observing response to well defined
signals in a controlled environment, we can gain insight
into signal function.

11. Biomass estimation
Biomass estimation is a method of detecting
and quantifying fish and other marine
organisms using sonar technology.
As the sound pulse travels through water it
encounters objects that are of different density
than the surrounding medium, such as fish,
that reflect sound back toward the sound
source.

12. These echoes provide information on fish size,
location and abundance.
The basic components of the scientific echo
sounder hardware function is to transmit the
sound, receive, filter and amplify, record and
analyse the echoes.

13. Animal sounds
 Sounds used by animals that fall within the scope of
bioacoustics include a wide range of frequencies and
media, and are often not "sound" in the narrow sense
of the word (i.e. compression waves that propagate
through air and are detectable by the human ear).
 Katydid crickets for example, communicate by sounds
with frequencies higher than 100 kHz, far into the
ultrasound range.

14. Lower, but still in ultrasound, are sounds used
by bats for echolocation.
On the other side of the frequency spectrum
are low frequency-vibrations, often not
detected by hearing organs, but with other, less
specialized sense organs.
The examples include ground
vibrations produced by elephants whose
principal frequency component is around 15 Hz,
and low- to medium-frequency substrate-borne
vibrations used by most insect orders.

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