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Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of  the Environment
Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Concept 3.1: The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding ,[object Object],[object Object],Animation: Water Structure Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-2 Hydrogen bond    – H    + H O — — — —    +    +    +    –    –    –
Concept 3.2: Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s fitness for life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Animation: Water Transport Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-3 Water-conducting cells Adhesion Cohesion 150 µm Direction of water movement
[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-4
Moderation of Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Heat and Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Water’s High Specific Heat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-5 San Diego 72° 40 miles Pacific Ocean 70s (°F ) 80s 90s 100s Santa Barbara 73° Los Angeles (Airport) 75° Burbank 90° San Bernardino 100° Riverside 96° Santa Ana 84° Palm Springs 106°
Evaporative Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Insulation of Bodies of Water by Floating Ice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-6a Hydrogen bond Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable
The Solvent of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-7 Cl – Na Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – Na + – – – +
[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-8 (a) Lysozyme molecule in a  nonaqueous environment (b) Lysozyme molecule (purple) in an aqueous environment  (c) Ionic and polar regions on the protein’s surface attract water molecules.
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Solute Concentration in Aqueous Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Concept 3.3: Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-UN2 Hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) Hydroxide ion (OH – ) 2H 2 O H H H H H H H H O O O O
[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Effects of Changes in pH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Acids and Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
The pH Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3-UN5 Bases donate OH – or accept H +  in aqueous solutions Acids donate H +  in aqueous solutions Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] 14 7 0
Fig. 3-9 Neutral solution Acidic solution Basic solution OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – H + H + H + OH – H + H + H + H + OH – OH – OH – OH – H + OH – H + H + H + H + H + H + H + OH – Neutral [H + ]  =  [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ]  >  [OH – ]  Increasingly Basic [H + ]  <  [OH – ]  pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Battery acid Gastric juice, lemon juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Tomato juice Black coffee Rainwater Urine Saliva Pure water Human blood, tears Seawater 9 10 Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Oven cleaner 11 12 13 14
Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
You should now be able to: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

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Bio Ch 3 Pwpt

  • 1. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Fig. 3-2 Hydrogen bond  – H  + H O — — — —  +  +  +  –  –  –
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Fig. 3-3 Water-conducting cells Adhesion Cohesion 150 µm Direction of water movement
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Fig. 3-5 San Diego 72° 40 miles Pacific Ocean 70s (°F ) 80s 90s 100s Santa Barbara 73° Los Angeles (Airport) 75° Burbank 90° San Bernardino 100° Riverside 96° Santa Ana 84° Palm Springs 106°
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Fig. 3-6a Hydrogen bond Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Fig. 3-7 Cl – Na Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – Na + – – – +
  • 21.
  • 22. Fig. 3-8 (a) Lysozyme molecule in a nonaqueous environment (b) Lysozyme molecule (purple) in an aqueous environment (c) Ionic and polar regions on the protein’s surface attract water molecules.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Fig. 3-UN2 Hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) Hydroxide ion (OH – ) 2H 2 O H H H H H H H H O O O O
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. Fig. 3-UN5 Bases donate OH – or accept H + in aqueous solutions Acids donate H + in aqueous solutions Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] 14 7 0
  • 34. Fig. 3-9 Neutral solution Acidic solution Basic solution OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – H + H + H + OH – H + H + H + H + OH – OH – OH – OH – H + OH – H + H + H + H + H + H + H + OH – Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Battery acid Gastric juice, lemon juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Tomato juice Black coffee Rainwater Urine Saliva Pure water Human blood, tears Seawater 9 10 Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Oven cleaner 11 12 13 14
  • 35.
  • 36.

Editor's Notes

  1. Figure 3.2 Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
  2. Figure 3.3 Water transport in plants
  3. Figure 3.4 Walking on water
  4. Figure 3.5 The effect of a large body of water on climate
  5. Figure 3.6 Ice: crystalline structure and floating barrier
  6. Figure 3.7 Table salt dissolving in water
  7. Figure 3.8 A water-soluble protein
  8. Figure 3.9 The pH scale and pH values of some aqueous solutions