Bio 120 presentation 1 (ksc) ch 7
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This document provides information about the respiratory system and respiratory drugs. It describes the parts of the respiratory tract from the nose to the lungs. It then discusses several respiratory diseases that affect the upper and lower tract, including sinusitis, pneumonia, asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The document explains drug classifications for respiratory agents and inhalant products. It provides details about common respiratory drugs like Flonase, Ventolin, and Mucomyst, describing their classification, action, indications, side effects, dosing and more. References are listed at the end.
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Pulmonary diseases
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It notes that the lungs are uniquely susceptible to toxins due to their large surface area and direct exposure to the atmosphere. Over 350 drugs can cause lung injuries through various mechanisms involving the airways, lung tissue, blood vessels and nerves. Specific drugs are noted to cause apnea through central nervous system depression or respiratory muscle weakness. Bronchospasm is the most common effect and can result from cholinergic drugs, allergens, oxidant damage and other mechanisms. Treatment focuses on supportive care, avoidance of triggers, and use of preventative medications depending on the specific cause.
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of DIPDs
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
Drugs can induce a variety of pulmonary diseases through different mechanisms such as hypersensitivity reactions, direct toxicity, and indirect effects. Common presentations include cough, dyspnea, and abnormal chest imaging. Treatment involves identifying the culprit drug, discontinuing its use, and potentially administering corticosteroids. Early diagnosis is important to prevent long term complications like pulmonary fibrosis.
DRUG INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES
Drug induced pulmonary diseases can affect the lungs in several ways such as causing bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, and various types of interstitial lung disease. Common culprit drugs include antibiotics, chemotherapy agents, cardiovascular drugs, NSAIDs, and illicit drugs. Management involves withdrawal of the causative agent, supplemental oxygen, diuretics, corticosteroids, and occasionally immunosuppressants depending on the type and severity of lung disease. Amiodarone is a known cause of delayed pulmonary toxicity that often requires long term corticosteroid treatment.
Copd
COPD is characterized by non-reversible airflow limitation caused by an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases. The two most common conditions are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Pharmacological treatments aim to relieve symptoms, prevent disease progression, and improve health outcomes. Therapies include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, vaccines, antibiotics, and supplemental oxygen. Managing exacerbations focuses on reversing acute symptoms and respiratory failure through bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and ventilation support.
Asthma Posted 1018 06
This document provides information about asthma, including:
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea in response to triggers like allergens or stress.
2) It affects millions of people in the US and rates have been increasing, especially in children.
3) Symptoms include breathlessness, chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing. Tests like spirometry are used for diagnosis and classification as mild, moderate, or severe.
4) Treatment involves avoiding triggers, using inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, and managing exacerbations with quick-relief medications. Proper dental care and management
Drug Induced Pulmonary Diseases
This document discusses drug induced pulmonary diseases. It defines drug induced pulmonary disease as any lung disease caused by a drug or medication. It then lists and describes 10 types of drug induced pulmonary diseases: 1) bronchospasm, wheezing and cough, 2) pulmonary edema, 3) pulmonary hypertension, 4) interstitial lung disease including interstitial pneumonia/infiltrates and pulmonary fibrosis, 5) pulmonary eosinophilia, 6) pleural inflammation, 7) diffuse alveolar hemorrhage/vasculitis, 8) diffuse alveolar damage, 9) drug hypersensitivity syndrome, and 10) amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity. For each type of disease, it provides details on symptoms,
Management of intraoperative bronchospasm
The document provides information on the management of intra-operative bronchospasm, including risk factors, triggers, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches. Bronchospasm can be caused by airway irritation or anaphylaxis and presents with signs of wheezing, increased airway pressures, and falling oxygen saturation. Differential diagnoses must be ruled out. Management involves deepening anesthesia, administering bronchodilators, optimizing ventilation, and considering anaphylaxis or postponing surgery. A case example demonstrates treatment of bronchospasm potentially caused by succinylcholine-induced anaphylaxis.
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Pulmonary diseases
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It notes that the lungs are uniquely susceptible to toxins due to their large surface area and direct exposure to the atmosphere. Over 350 drugs can cause lung injuries through various mechanisms involving the airways, lung tissue, blood vessels and nerves. Specific drugs are noted to cause apnea through central nervous system depression or respiratory muscle weakness. Bronchospasm is the most common effect and can result from cholinergic drugs, allergens, oxidant damage and other mechanisms. Treatment focuses on supportive care, avoidance of triggers, and use of preventative medications depending on the specific cause.
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of DIPDs
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
Drugs can induce a variety of pulmonary diseases through different mechanisms such as hypersensitivity reactions, direct toxicity, and indirect effects. Common presentations include cough, dyspnea, and abnormal chest imaging. Treatment involves identifying the culprit drug, discontinuing its use, and potentially administering corticosteroids. Early diagnosis is important to prevent long term complications like pulmonary fibrosis.
DRUG INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES
Drug induced pulmonary diseases can affect the lungs in several ways such as causing bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, and various types of interstitial lung disease. Common culprit drugs include antibiotics, chemotherapy agents, cardiovascular drugs, NSAIDs, and illicit drugs. Management involves withdrawal of the causative agent, supplemental oxygen, diuretics, corticosteroids, and occasionally immunosuppressants depending on the type and severity of lung disease. Amiodarone is a known cause of delayed pulmonary toxicity that often requires long term corticosteroid treatment.
Copd
COPD is characterized by non-reversible airflow limitation caused by an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases. The two most common conditions are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Pharmacological treatments aim to relieve symptoms, prevent disease progression, and improve health outcomes. Therapies include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, vaccines, antibiotics, and supplemental oxygen. Managing exacerbations focuses on reversing acute symptoms and respiratory failure through bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and ventilation support.
Asthma Posted 1018 06
This document provides information about asthma, including:
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea in response to triggers like allergens or stress.
2) It affects millions of people in the US and rates have been increasing, especially in children.
3) Symptoms include breathlessness, chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing. Tests like spirometry are used for diagnosis and classification as mild, moderate, or severe.
4) Treatment involves avoiding triggers, using inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, and managing exacerbations with quick-relief medications. Proper dental care and management
Drug Induced Pulmonary Diseases
This document discusses drug induced pulmonary diseases. It defines drug induced pulmonary disease as any lung disease caused by a drug or medication. It then lists and describes 10 types of drug induced pulmonary diseases: 1) bronchospasm, wheezing and cough, 2) pulmonary edema, 3) pulmonary hypertension, 4) interstitial lung disease including interstitial pneumonia/infiltrates and pulmonary fibrosis, 5) pulmonary eosinophilia, 6) pleural inflammation, 7) diffuse alveolar hemorrhage/vasculitis, 8) diffuse alveolar damage, 9) drug hypersensitivity syndrome, and 10) amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity. For each type of disease, it provides details on symptoms,
Management of intraoperative bronchospasm
The document provides information on the management of intra-operative bronchospasm, including risk factors, triggers, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches. Bronchospasm can be caused by airway irritation or anaphylaxis and presents with signs of wheezing, increased airway pressures, and falling oxygen saturation. Differential diagnoses must be ruled out. Management involves deepening anesthesia, administering bronchodilators, optimizing ventilation, and considering anaphylaxis or postponing surgery. A case example demonstrates treatment of bronchospasm potentially caused by succinylcholine-induced anaphylaxis.
Drugs for bronchial asthma
This document provides information on bronchial asthma including its pathophysiology, classification, approaches to treatment, and classifications of treatment agents. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway condition characterized by hyperresponsiveness and narrowing of the airways. It can be episodic or chronic. Common symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and cough. Treatment approaches include prevention of allergic reactions, suppression of inflammation, antagonism of mediators, and direct bronchodilation. Classes of treatment agents discussed include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene modulators, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies. Specific agents within each class are also described.
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It outlines several mechanisms by which drugs can cause lung injury, including direct cytotoxic effects, oxidative injury, and immune-mediated reactions. It describes different types of drug-induced lung diseases such as interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, and pulmonary hypertension. Specific drugs that can induce these diseases and their mechanisms are discussed. Diagnosis and treatment approaches for drug-induced pulmonary conditions are also summarized.
Drug therapy used in asthma
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Bronchospasm during induction
1. A 25-year-old morbidly obese woman with diabetes underwent induction for cochlear implant surgery. She developed immediate bronchospasm after intubation.
2. Initial signs included absent breath sounds, low end-tidal carbon dioxide, and decreased lung compliance. Her oxygen saturation dropped to 55% and she became hypotensive.
3. She was treated with epinephrine, fluids, bronchodilators, and steroids. Testing ruled out allergic reaction to induction agents. Her history of exercise-induced wheezing indicated underlying, uncontrolled asthma as the likely trigger.
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Aspiration pneumonia occurs when gastric or oropharyngeal contents are inhaled into the lungs. It requires both compromise of lung defenses and a large bacterial inoculum. Risk factors include reduced consciousness, neurological impairment, and GI disorders. Diagnosis is based on new infiltrates on chest x-ray along with signs of infection. Treatment involves oxygen, empiric antibiotics targeting likely pathogens, and treating predisposing conditions. Monitoring includes following vitals, labs, imaging and oxygenation to ensure response to therapy. The patient case involved an elderly man with post-op ileus who developed aspiration pneumonia responding well to broad-spectrum IV antibiotics.
Organophosphate poisoning
A 30-year-old unconscious housewife was brought to the hospital with a history of domestic violence. On examination, she had constricted pupils, low blood pressure, high blood sugar, metabolic acidosis on ABG, bradycardia on ECG, and elevated serum amylase. The diagnosis was organophosphorus poisoning based on the clinical features and laboratory findings.
Respiratory diseases drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat various respiratory diseases. It begins by introducing common respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, cough, and lung infections. It then discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma with drugs like bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, and anti-IgE antibody. It also covers treatment of cough with expectorants, antitussives, and bronchodilators. Finally, it discusses drugs for COPD like bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy.
Respiratory drugs
This ppt briefly summaries the major drugs used in the management of respiratory disease and are used in their treatment. We will also have a look at the moa, contraindications, pharmacokinetics of drugs used in their treatment.
Asthma ppt
This document provides an overview of pharmacotherapy for asthma. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by increased responsiveness to stimuli. Asthma can be triggered by environmental and genetic factors. The main types of asthma and treatments discussed include bronchodilators, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, anti-IgE antibody therapy, and recent advances in immunotherapy.
Copd Management
1. COPD is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms and confirmed via spirometry showing post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7. Treatment involves bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen and managing exacerbations with bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics.
2. Exacerbations are acute worsening of symptoms and defined as increased dyspnea, cough, sputum volume and purulence. Hospital admission is required for severe exacerbations or inadequate response to outpatient management.
3. Common causes of exacerbations include lower respiratory infections from bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae or viruses. Treatment involves bronchodilators
Dipd - DRUGS INDUCED PULMONAY DISEASES
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It defines drug-induced pulmonary disease as any lung disease caused by a medication. Some common types of drug-induced pulmonary diseases include bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary eosinophilia, pleural inflammation, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse alveolar damage, and drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Specific drugs that can cause each type of lung disease are provided. The document also discusses definitions, symptoms, mechanisms, and management approaches for each type of drug-induced pulmonary disease.
Bronchial asthma management
This document provides an overview of bronchial asthma, including its classification, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins with an introduction defining asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by wheezing and reversible airway obstruction. It then covers asthma's classification into allergic and non-allergic types, risk factors like genetics and environment, and diagnostic tests like spirometry and allergy testing. The bulk of the document focuses on treatment approaches, including non-pharmacological methods and a wide range of pharmacological options targeting inflammation and bronchodilation. It concludes with guidance on managing severe exacerbations and the goals of prophylaxis.
Respiratory drugs - Pharmacology
This document discusses common respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. It describes the pathophysiology and symptoms of these conditions. Various treatment approaches are covered, including inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, cromolyn, and others. Optimal treatment aims to control inflammation and symptoms while minimizing side effects. Local drug delivery by inhalation is preferred over oral or systemic administration when possible.
Drug induced respiratory diseases
This document discusses drug-induced respiratory diseases, including different types (apnea, bronchospasm, dry cough, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis), common causing agents, management, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. The types are described in more detail, outlining specific causing agents, risk factors, effects, and management approaches for each type. Signs and symptoms include blood sputum, chest pain, cough, fever, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves physical examination, lab tests such as arterial blood gases, and imaging like chest CT scan and chest X-ray. Prevention focuses on avoiding drugs that have previously caused reactions and staying away from illegal drugs.
Bronchospasm ppt
Dr. Imran's document discusses the management of intraoperative bronchospasm. It defines bronchospasm as constriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles. It then covers the anatomy, innervation, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathophysiology, anesthetic agents that can cause it, and treatment of bronchospasm. The treatment involves deepening anesthesia, administering bronchodilators like salbutamol, and other drugs like ipratropium bromide, magnesium sulfate, and hydrocortisone to reverse bronchoconstriction and prevent hypoxia.
Asthma and COPD exacerbation - Emergency
An acute exacerbation of asthma or COPD is characterized by worsening respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Initial treatment involves oxygen, inhaled bronchodilators, and systemic glucocorticoids. Severe exacerbations may require hospitalization for monitoring, additional bronchodilators, and noninvasive ventilation. The goal is to relieve symptoms and improve lung function through aggressive medical therapy to prevent respiratory failure or the need for intubation.
Bronchial asthma
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night or early morning. It is caused by a combination of airway inflammation, constriction of the bronchial muscles, and excess mucus production, leading to bronchial obstruction. Asthma is classified as extrinsic (allergic) or intrinsic (non-allergic) and can be triggered by allergens, viruses, drugs, exercise, food, pollutants, and other factors. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests showing reduced airflow and bronchodilator responsiveness. Treatment depends on symptom frequency and severity but generally involves bronchodilators
Aspirationpneumonia 13204702507727-phpapp01-111105011305-phpapp01
1) Aspiration pneumonitis is a chemical injury caused by inhalation of gastric contents, while aspiration pneumonia is an infectious process caused by inhalation of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogens.
2) Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia include neurological dysphagia, GERD, poor oral hygiene, and silent aspiration common in stroke patients.
3) Management of aspiration pneumonitis includes airway protection and antibiotics only if symptoms do not resolve within 48 hours, while aspiration pneumonia requires broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting likely gram-negative organisms in the given setting.
Management of Bronchospasm during General Anaesthesia
This was presented in the journal club at JNMC, Belagavi. This is based on an article by Alex Looseley.
Acute_Asthma_Feb_2022.pptx
This document provides information about asthma, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, triggers, assessment, and treatment. It describes asthma as an inflammatory airway disease characterized by bronchospasm and airflow limitation. Nursing assessment involves evaluating symptoms, signs of distress, and diagnostic testing. Treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation includes oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and monitoring of cardiopulmonary status. Nursing interventions focus on relieving bronchospasm, improving gas exchange, and ensuring safety during the acute attack.
4_6012490482486085206.pdf
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The airways become inflamed and swollen during asthma attacks, leading to bronchospasm and excess mucus production. Asthma is triggered by factors like allergens, viruses, exercise, and pollution. It involves an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and family history. Treatment involves medication like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators to control inflammation and prevent symptoms.
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This document provides information on bronchial asthma including its pathophysiology, classification, approaches to treatment, and classifications of treatment agents. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway condition characterized by hyperresponsiveness and narrowing of the airways. It can be episodic or chronic. Common symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and cough. Treatment approaches include prevention of allergic reactions, suppression of inflammation, antagonism of mediators, and direct bronchodilation. Classes of treatment agents discussed include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene modulators, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies. Specific agents within each class are also described.
Drug induced pulmonary diseases
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It outlines several mechanisms by which drugs can cause lung injury, including direct cytotoxic effects, oxidative injury, and immune-mediated reactions. It describes different types of drug-induced lung diseases such as interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, and pulmonary hypertension. Specific drugs that can induce these diseases and their mechanisms are discussed. Diagnosis and treatment approaches for drug-induced pulmonary conditions are also summarized.
Drug therapy used in asthma
This document discusses drug therapy used for bronchial asthma. It begins by describing asthma as an inflammatory condition that affects the airways, causing them to narrow. It then discusses the pathophysiology and causes of asthma. The main classes of drugs used to treat asthma are bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, and anti-IgE antibodies. Specific drugs from each class are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms of action and side effects.
Aspergillosis and the lungs Dr Adetunji T.A.
This document provides an overview of pulmonary aspergillosis, caused by inhalation of the fungus Aspergillus. It discusses the main types including aspergilloma (fungal ball in a pre-existing lung cavity), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA, an immune response in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis), and invasive aspergillosis which occurs in immunocompromised people. The pathology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment are described for each type. ABPA is characterized by severe asthma attacks, mucus plugs and bronchial obstruction visible on chest imaging.
Bronchospasm during induction
1. A 25-year-old morbidly obese woman with diabetes underwent induction for cochlear implant surgery. She developed immediate bronchospasm after intubation.
2. Initial signs included absent breath sounds, low end-tidal carbon dioxide, and decreased lung compliance. Her oxygen saturation dropped to 55% and she became hypotensive.
3. She was treated with epinephrine, fluids, bronchodilators, and steroids. Testing ruled out allergic reaction to induction agents. Her history of exercise-induced wheezing indicated underlying, uncontrolled asthma as the likely trigger.
Aspiration Pneumonia General Medicine Rotation 12 15 09
Aspiration pneumonia occurs when gastric or oropharyngeal contents are inhaled into the lungs. It requires both compromise of lung defenses and a large bacterial inoculum. Risk factors include reduced consciousness, neurological impairment, and GI disorders. Diagnosis is based on new infiltrates on chest x-ray along with signs of infection. Treatment involves oxygen, empiric antibiotics targeting likely pathogens, and treating predisposing conditions. Monitoring includes following vitals, labs, imaging and oxygenation to ensure response to therapy. The patient case involved an elderly man with post-op ileus who developed aspiration pneumonia responding well to broad-spectrum IV antibiotics.
Organophosphate poisoning
A 30-year-old unconscious housewife was brought to the hospital with a history of domestic violence. On examination, she had constricted pupils, low blood pressure, high blood sugar, metabolic acidosis on ABG, bradycardia on ECG, and elevated serum amylase. The diagnosis was organophosphorus poisoning based on the clinical features and laboratory findings.
Respiratory diseases drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat various respiratory diseases. It begins by introducing common respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, cough, and lung infections. It then discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma with drugs like bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, and anti-IgE antibody. It also covers treatment of cough with expectorants, antitussives, and bronchodilators. Finally, it discusses drugs for COPD like bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy.
Respiratory drugs
This ppt briefly summaries the major drugs used in the management of respiratory disease and are used in their treatment. We will also have a look at the moa, contraindications, pharmacokinetics of drugs used in their treatment.
Asthma ppt
This document provides an overview of pharmacotherapy for asthma. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by increased responsiveness to stimuli. Asthma can be triggered by environmental and genetic factors. The main types of asthma and treatments discussed include bronchodilators, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, anti-IgE antibody therapy, and recent advances in immunotherapy.
Copd Management
1. COPD is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms and confirmed via spirometry showing post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7. Treatment involves bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen and managing exacerbations with bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics.
2. Exacerbations are acute worsening of symptoms and defined as increased dyspnea, cough, sputum volume and purulence. Hospital admission is required for severe exacerbations or inadequate response to outpatient management.
3. Common causes of exacerbations include lower respiratory infections from bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae or viruses. Treatment involves bronchodilators
Dipd - DRUGS INDUCED PULMONAY DISEASES
This document discusses drug-induced pulmonary diseases. It defines drug-induced pulmonary disease as any lung disease caused by a medication. Some common types of drug-induced pulmonary diseases include bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary eosinophilia, pleural inflammation, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse alveolar damage, and drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Specific drugs that can cause each type of lung disease are provided. The document also discusses definitions, symptoms, mechanisms, and management approaches for each type of drug-induced pulmonary disease.
Bronchial asthma management
This document provides an overview of bronchial asthma, including its classification, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins with an introduction defining asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by wheezing and reversible airway obstruction. It then covers asthma's classification into allergic and non-allergic types, risk factors like genetics and environment, and diagnostic tests like spirometry and allergy testing. The bulk of the document focuses on treatment approaches, including non-pharmacological methods and a wide range of pharmacological options targeting inflammation and bronchodilation. It concludes with guidance on managing severe exacerbations and the goals of prophylaxis.
Respiratory drugs - Pharmacology
This document discusses common respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. It describes the pathophysiology and symptoms of these conditions. Various treatment approaches are covered, including inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, cromolyn, and others. Optimal treatment aims to control inflammation and symptoms while minimizing side effects. Local drug delivery by inhalation is preferred over oral or systemic administration when possible.
Drug induced respiratory diseases
This document discusses drug-induced respiratory diseases, including different types (apnea, bronchospasm, dry cough, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis), common causing agents, management, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. The types are described in more detail, outlining specific causing agents, risk factors, effects, and management approaches for each type. Signs and symptoms include blood sputum, chest pain, cough, fever, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves physical examination, lab tests such as arterial blood gases, and imaging like chest CT scan and chest X-ray. Prevention focuses on avoiding drugs that have previously caused reactions and staying away from illegal drugs.
Bronchospasm ppt
Dr. Imran's document discusses the management of intraoperative bronchospasm. It defines bronchospasm as constriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles. It then covers the anatomy, innervation, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathophysiology, anesthetic agents that can cause it, and treatment of bronchospasm. The treatment involves deepening anesthesia, administering bronchodilators like salbutamol, and other drugs like ipratropium bromide, magnesium sulfate, and hydrocortisone to reverse bronchoconstriction and prevent hypoxia.
Asthma and COPD exacerbation - Emergency
An acute exacerbation of asthma or COPD is characterized by worsening respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Initial treatment involves oxygen, inhaled bronchodilators, and systemic glucocorticoids. Severe exacerbations may require hospitalization for monitoring, additional bronchodilators, and noninvasive ventilation. The goal is to relieve symptoms and improve lung function through aggressive medical therapy to prevent respiratory failure or the need for intubation.
Bronchial asthma
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night or early morning. It is caused by a combination of airway inflammation, constriction of the bronchial muscles, and excess mucus production, leading to bronchial obstruction. Asthma is classified as extrinsic (allergic) or intrinsic (non-allergic) and can be triggered by allergens, viruses, drugs, exercise, food, pollutants, and other factors. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests showing reduced airflow and bronchodilator responsiveness. Treatment depends on symptom frequency and severity but generally involves bronchodilators
Aspirationpneumonia 13204702507727-phpapp01-111105011305-phpapp01
1) Aspiration pneumonitis is a chemical injury caused by inhalation of gastric contents, while aspiration pneumonia is an infectious process caused by inhalation of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogens.
2) Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia include neurological dysphagia, GERD, poor oral hygiene, and silent aspiration common in stroke patients.
3) Management of aspiration pneumonitis includes airway protection and antibiotics only if symptoms do not resolve within 48 hours, while aspiration pneumonia requires broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting likely gram-negative organisms in the given setting.
Management of Bronchospasm during General Anaesthesia
This was presented in the journal club at JNMC, Belagavi. This is based on an article by Alex Looseley.
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Management of Bronchospasm during General Anaesthesia
Management of Bronchospasm during General Anaesthesia
Similar to Bio 120 presentation 1 (ksc) ch 7
Acute_Asthma_Feb_2022.pptx
This document provides information about asthma, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, triggers, assessment, and treatment. It describes asthma as an inflammatory airway disease characterized by bronchospasm and airflow limitation. Nursing assessment involves evaluating symptoms, signs of distress, and diagnostic testing. Treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation includes oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and monitoring of cardiopulmonary status. Nursing interventions focus on relieving bronchospasm, improving gas exchange, and ensuring safety during the acute attack.
4_6012490482486085206.pdf
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The airways become inflamed and swollen during asthma attacks, leading to bronchospasm and excess mucus production. Asthma is triggered by factors like allergens, viruses, exercise, and pollution. It involves an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and family history. Treatment involves medication like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators to control inflammation and prevent symptoms.
Cough
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This document provides an overview of chronic cough diagnosis and evaluation. It discusses cough physiology, common causes of chronic cough including asthma, GERD, and postnasal drip syndrome. It also reviews treatments for cough including antihistamines, antitussives, and mucolytics. Chronic cough requires determining the underlying cause and treating that specifically when possible.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)
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This document discusses drugs used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. It begins by defining key terms like antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants. It then covers specific drug classes for respiratory diseases like bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. For each drug class, it discusses mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and nursing implications. The document provides an in-depth review of pharmacology for treating common respiratory conditions.
Asthma
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This document provides an overview of cough, including its definition, phases, reflex, types, evaluation, investigations, treatment, and complications. It discusses the cough reflex pathway and various receptors involved. It describes acute, subacute and chronic cough and their typical causes. Various types of cough are defined based on their characteristics. A detailed evaluation and focused testing is recommended for cough lasting more than 3 weeks. Common antitussive medications are outlined along with their mechanisms and side effects.
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This document discusses cough, including its definition, phases, types, evaluation, investigations, treatment, and complications. It describes the cough reflex and fibers involved. It outlines acute, subacute and chronic cough causes and characteristics. Investigations discussed include sputum analysis, pulmonary function tests, and imaging. Treatment approaches are described for different cough types and durations. Various antitussive medications and their mechanisms and side effects are explained. Complications of cough are also summarized.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes periodic obstruction of airflow. It is characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing. The main pathophysiological features of asthma include airway inflammation, narrowing of the airways, constriction of the airway muscles, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Asthma is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, and lung function tests can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment involves both controllers to control inflammation and prevent symptoms, and relievers to provide quick symptom relief during flare-ups. Treatment is tailored based on asthma severity and stepped up or down depending on control of symptoms.
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This document provides an overview of drugs used for bronchial asthma. It discusses the history and pathophysiology of asthma, as well as the various drug classes used in treatment including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, and novel drug classes. The main routes of drug delivery and goals of pharmacological management are also summarized.
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This document discusses various types of drugs used to treat cough, including expectorants, mucolytics, and antitussives. It describes the mechanisms and classifications of cough and the roles of expectorants, mucolytics and various classes of antitussives like opioids, non-opioids, and peripherally-acting drugs. Specific drugs are discussed in each category, along with their mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. The document provides detailed information on commonly used cough medications.
3. Asthma-1.pptx
This document provides an introduction to asthma, including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points include:
- Asthma is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath due to reversible airway obstruction. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development.
- Pathologically, asthma involves chronic airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and airway remodeling. Inflammatory cells like eosinophils and mediators like histamine cause smooth muscle constriction and mucus production.
- Treatment involves education, environmental control, and medications like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators to prevent symptoms and exacerb
Asthma
- Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. It can range from mild to life-threatening.
- The document outlines guidelines for diagnosing and differentially diagnosing asthma in children ages 0-4 and 5-12. It also discusses evaluating severity and providing treatments accordingly, including bronchodilators, steroids, magnesium sulfate. For mild-moderate cases discharge with medications and follow-up may be appropriate, while severe or life-threatening cases should receive additional treatments and be considered for admission.
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This document provides information on lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). It discusses various types of LRTIs including pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis, and others. It covers causative organisms, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, treatment including medications, nursing diagnoses, and patient education.
Pharmacotherapy of Cough & Bronchial asthma
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of cough and bronchial asthma. It begins by describing the etiology and types of cough, as well as the cough reflex process. It then covers the types of drugs used to treat cough, including expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, and pharyngeal demulcents. The mechanisms and examples of each drug type are provided. The document also discusses the pathophysiology and classification of drugs used to treat bronchial asthma, including bronchodilators, leukotriene receptor antagonists, glucocorticoids, and monoclonal antibodies. The mechanisms and examples of the major drug classes used for asthma treatment are summarized.
19.bronchial asthma
This document provides information on the treatment of bronchial asthma, including the classification and mechanisms of action of the major drug classes used. The main drug classes discussed are bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines; corticosteroids; mast cell stabilizers; and leukotriene modulators. Routes of administration, indications, benefits, limitations and side effects are summarized for the major drugs in each class.
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- 1. Chapter 7 – Pharmacology Challenge CCC Biology 120 Spring 2017 KS Chronic
- 2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – The Path from Nose to Lungs Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial Tubes Lungs Bronchioles
- 3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Diseases Which Affect Our Breathing Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders • Sinusitis - Infection of the Cranial Sinuses • Otitis Media – Infection of the Middle Ear • Tonsillitis – Infection of the Tonsils • Laryngitis – Infection of the Larynx
- 4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Diseases Which Affect Our Breathing Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders • Acute Bronchitis – Infection of the Bronchi • Pneumonia – Viral or bacterial infection of the lungs Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders • Pulmonary Fibrosis – Fibrous tissue builds up in the lungs, restricting ability to inflate properly • Asthma – Disease of bronchi & bronchioles which result in inflammation of the airways, reducing diameter of airways • Emphysema – Type of COPD resulting in a loss of elasticity & surfactant, decreasing gas exchange • Chronic Bronchitis – Type of COPD caused by an overproduction of mucus in the airways causing a decrease in expiration of air out of the lungs
- 5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Drug Classifications • Drug Classifications: A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes. (Drugs.com) Repiratory Agents Respiratory Inhalent Products
- 6. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Respiratory Inhalent Products • A group of products consisting of finely powdered or liquid drugs that are carried to the respiratory passages by the use of special devices such as low-pressure aerosol containers. • These products consist of finely powdered or liquid drugs that are carried to the respiratory passages by the use of special devices such as low-pressure aerosol containers.
- 7. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Respiratory Agents • Drugs or a combination of drugs used to prevent, relieve or treat respiratory diseases. They can be taken as pills or liquid, for the drugs to work systemically. Or they can be available as inhalers or other forms or inhalation devices, where the medicine is delivered directly into the lungs. • Drugs or a combination of drugs used to prevent, relieve or treat respiratory diseases. They can be taken as pills or liquid, for the drugs to work systemically. Or they can be available as inhalers or other forms or inhalation devices, where the medicine is delivered directly into the lungs.
- 9. Flonase (Fluticasone Intranasal) • Classification: Corticosteroids, Intranasal • Action: Potent anti-inflammatory corticosteroid with vasoconstrictive properties • Indications: Seasonal or Perennial Allergic Rhinitis • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug • Side Effects: Local nasal effects, nasal septum perforation, epistaxis, wheezing • Adverse Reactions: Headache, URI • Dose & Route: 27.5mcg/acuation; 50mcg/acuation. Nasal spray • Special Considerations: May mask acute infection, including fungal infection, exacerbate viral infections or limit response to vaccines
- 10. Ventolin (Albuterol) • Classification: Beta 2 Agonist • Action: Beta 2 receptor agonist with some Beta 1 activity; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate • Indications: Bronchospasms (acute, severe, exercise-induced; spinal cord injury) • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, hypersensitivity to milk proteins • Side Effects: Dizziness, Tachycardia • Adverse Reactions: Tremors, nervousness (children 2-6 years), insomnia (children 6-12 years), nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, bronchospasms • Dose & Route: 90mcg/acuation in both aerosol metered-dose inhaler & powder metered-dose inhaler • Special Considerations: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, asthma, glaucoma, diabetes, hypokalema, hyperthyroidism, or seizures
- 11. Mucomyst (Acetylcysteine) • Classification: Pulmonary • Action: Used to help thin and loosen mucus in the airways due to certain lung diseases (emphysema, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia) • Indications: Pulmonary disease, diagnostic bronchography, acetaminophen overdose • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, other drug allergies, Acute Asthma • Side Effects: Slight odor, nausea & vomiting, mouth sores, runny nose • Adverse Reactions: Bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, chest tightness, drowsiness, fever, nausea, vomiting, rhinorrhea, irritation of tracheal or bronchial tract • Dose & Route: Oral or Inhaled. 5-10mL 10% or 20% solution by nebulizer • Special Considerations: Black Box Warning: Not for Injection
- 12. References • Medscape.com • Drugs.com • Wikibooks.com