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Chapter 1
Introduction to Parallel Computers
Chapter 1
Introduction
• 1.1 Fundamentals
• 1.2 Speedup and Efficiency
• 1.3 Parallel Computers
1.1 Fundamentals
• Parallel Computers can be classified according to
their machine structure.
• Parallel operations may be grouped by their
abstraction level or by the types of argument.
– 1. Sequential programs is special case of
parallel programming.
– 2. Petri nets is useful tool for definition
asynchronous parallelism.
– 3. Petri nets and other (flow diagrams are
used to discover data dependencies before
designing an parallel program.
– 4. The most common parallel programming
languages and connection structures in a
parallel computer system are fundamental for
understanding parallel computations.
• The growth of a plant is simultaneously influenced
by number of factors.
• The world is parallel; Natural systems , complex
technical processes and even societal chances are
highly parallel processes.
– 1. Quantum chemistry, stoical mechanics,
relativistic physics.
– 2. Cosmology and astrophysics.
– 3. Computational fluid dynamics and
turbulence.
– 4. Material design an super conductivity.
– 5. Biology, genome sequencing, genetic
engineering, protein folding, enzyme activity,
and cell modeling.
– 6. Medicine and modeling human organs and
bones.
– 7. Global weather and environmental
modeling.
– 8. Photo-realistic computer graphics
Geological time), pattern and etc. recognition,
(Parallel and Distributed Computing is
necessary).
• For example; (1994) a single iteration of ocean
circulation takes 10 minutes and 30 billion
floating point calculation. (50 million 3-D cell).
• Molecular dynamics of a protein and surrounding
water would take 31,688 years on Cray X/MP.
• Parallel computers, Supercomputers,
• Parallel processing, Multi-threading, Throughput,
Pipelined (segments and stages) computations.
Figure 1
• Speed-up and efficiency.
1.2 Speedup and Efficiency
• However, many parallel super computer are
developed.
• Simple personal computer may carry out may
operation simultaneously, multiple I/O via DMA
and simple CPU has many parallel functional units
Coprocessors.
• Even arithmetic operation can be divided into
parallel operations
• Figure 1.1 Explains Von Neumann and Human
Brain (Page 3)
• Table 1.2 Illustrates incongruity of Von Neumann
computer.
1.3 Parallel Computers
– Parallel computing is natural form of
information processing.
– Sequential Von Neumann computing successful
but it is an artificial restriction.
– Parallel representation of a problem has more
information from the problem itself. Sequential
can easily be constructed.
– The goal of a parallel programming
understandable programs and fast execution
times.

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BIL406-Chapter-1-Introduction.ppt

  • 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Parallel Computers
  • 2. Chapter 1 Introduction • 1.1 Fundamentals • 1.2 Speedup and Efficiency • 1.3 Parallel Computers
  • 3. 1.1 Fundamentals • Parallel Computers can be classified according to their machine structure. • Parallel operations may be grouped by their abstraction level or by the types of argument. – 1. Sequential programs is special case of parallel programming.
  • 4. – 2. Petri nets is useful tool for definition asynchronous parallelism. – 3. Petri nets and other (flow diagrams are used to discover data dependencies before designing an parallel program. – 4. The most common parallel programming languages and connection structures in a parallel computer system are fundamental for understanding parallel computations. • The growth of a plant is simultaneously influenced by number of factors. • The world is parallel; Natural systems , complex technical processes and even societal chances are highly parallel processes.
  • 5. – 1. Quantum chemistry, stoical mechanics, relativistic physics. – 2. Cosmology and astrophysics. – 3. Computational fluid dynamics and turbulence. – 4. Material design an super conductivity. – 5. Biology, genome sequencing, genetic engineering, protein folding, enzyme activity, and cell modeling. – 6. Medicine and modeling human organs and bones. – 7. Global weather and environmental modeling.
  • 6. – 8. Photo-realistic computer graphics Geological time), pattern and etc. recognition, (Parallel and Distributed Computing is necessary). • For example; (1994) a single iteration of ocean circulation takes 10 minutes and 30 billion floating point calculation. (50 million 3-D cell). • Molecular dynamics of a protein and surrounding water would take 31,688 years on Cray X/MP. • Parallel computers, Supercomputers, • Parallel processing, Multi-threading, Throughput, Pipelined (segments and stages) computations.
  • 7. Figure 1 • Speed-up and efficiency. 1.2 Speedup and Efficiency
  • 8. • However, many parallel super computer are developed. • Simple personal computer may carry out may operation simultaneously, multiple I/O via DMA and simple CPU has many parallel functional units Coprocessors. • Even arithmetic operation can be divided into parallel operations • Figure 1.1 Explains Von Neumann and Human Brain (Page 3) • Table 1.2 Illustrates incongruity of Von Neumann computer. 1.3 Parallel Computers
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. – Parallel computing is natural form of information processing. – Sequential Von Neumann computing successful but it is an artificial restriction. – Parallel representation of a problem has more information from the problem itself. Sequential can easily be constructed. – The goal of a parallel programming understandable programs and fast execution times.