Bibliometrics is the application of mathematical and statistical methods to analyze publications. It is used to study written communication and measure outputs. Common bibliometric methods are citation analysis and content analysis. Bibliometrics helps identify key journals, rank publications, evaluate research output, and measure the usefulness of information services. Important bibliometric laws include Lotka's law, Bradford's law, and Zipf's law, which describe publication and word frequency distributions.

1. Topic- Bibliometrics: An
Overview
Submitted To
Dr. Manoj Kumar Varma
Dep. Of Lib. & Inf. Science
MZU
Submitted By-
Babita Yadav
Research Scholar

2. Introduction
Bibliometrics is a set of methods used to study or
measure texts and information. Citation analysis
and content analysis are commonly used in
Bibliometrics methods. While Bibliometrics
methods are most often used in the field of library
and information science.

3. Bibliometrics uses mathematical and statistical
methods to analyses and measure the output of
publications. Modern Bibliometrics has been largely
inspired by Derek de Solla Price and the seminal
work was carried out by him in the middle of the last
century.

4. Introduction to the term "Bibliometrics”
Origin of the term “Bibliometrics”
Biblio + Metrics = Bibliometrics
“Biblio” is originated from Greek word “Biblion”
which means “Book” or “Paper”
“Metrics” is originated from Greek or Latin word
“Metricus” or “Metrikos” which means the science of
Meter or to measure.

5. Bibliometrics is a set of methods used to
study or measure texts and information.
Citation analysis and content analysis are
commonly used in Bibliometrics methods.

6. Definition
According to Potter :- “The Study and
measurement of Publication patterns of all forms
of written communication and their authorship”.
According to Alan Pritchard :- “the application of
mathematical and statistical methods to books and
other media of communication”.

7. Scope
Identification of the main journals.
Ranking of journals.
Selection magazines.
Development and expansion of knowledge
in various fields.

8. An institution, contribute to the scientific
progress of the nation or individual.
Measuring the usefulness of information
services.

9.  Quantitative analysis of science and technology
performance.
 Quantitative analysis of the cognitive and
organizational structure of science and technology
 To know how a certain science or technology has
evolved in a certain period of time.
Purpose of Bibliometrics

10. BIBLIOMETRIC LAWS
Lotka’s Law (1926)
Bradford’s Law (1934)
Zipf’s Law (1935)

11. Lotka’s Law (1926)
Measuring the productivity of an author
based on the number of published articles.
Productivity of authors ( researchers); how
many researchers have written
1,2,3…..articles?
Lotka’s Law describes the frequency of
publication by authors in a given field.

12. Lotka’s Law
The number of authors making n
contributions to the literature is about 1/n2 of
those making one
– 60% of authors make one contribution
– 15% of authors make two contributions
– <7% of authors make three contributions
– <4% of authors make four contributions
– <2.5% of authors make five contributions
– 1.25% of authors make six contributions
– <1% of authors make seven contributions

13. Out of 1000 authors
– 608 publish 1 article
– 152 publish 2 articles
– 68 publish 3 articles
– 38 publish 4 articles
– 24 publish 5 articles
– 17 publish 6 articles
– 12 publish 7 articles
Lotka’s Law Example :

14. Bradford’s Law (1934)
"If scientific journals are arranged in order
of decreasing productivity of articles on a
given subject, they may be divided into a
nucleus of periodicals more particularly
devoted to the subject and several groups or
zones containing the same number of articles
as the nucleus, when the numbers of
periodicals in the nucleus and succeeding
zones will be as n : n2 :n3.
Samual.Climent Bradford

15. Nucleolus

16. Zipf’s law(1935) :
r • f = c
Where:
r = rank (in terms of frequency)
f = frequency (no. of times the given
word is used in the text)
c = constant for the given text
For a given text the rank of a word multiplied by the
frequency is a constant
George Kingsley Zipf
“…List the words occurring within that text in order of
decreasing frequency, the rank of a word on that list
multiplied by its frequency will equal a constant.”

17. Cardiovascular diseases risk
control groups .
Kewords Frequency Rank Product (c=rxf)
Cardiovascular 1800 1 1800
Diseases 900 2 1800
Risk 600 3 1800
Control 450 4 1800
Changes 360 5 1800

18. Conclusion
Bibliometrics is a major sub-discipline of
quantitative research.
This is a tool used by the library and
information science professionals for studying
the communication processes, information
flows, and for better understanding and
effective management and dissemination of
information.