Bertrand And Cournot Competition Comparison

Bertrand and Cournot Competition Comparison
Industrial Economics: Market Structure Individual Assignment 1
Student Name: Yibo, Shen Student ID: 1051698 Question Number: 1
Within the realm of industrial economics, a central focus is on equilibrium in oligopoly models, and the questions arise of how the firms would find the
equilibrium and whether they will choose it. The efforts of this essay are devoted to a discussion of Cournot and Bertrand models of competition, two
fundamental single–period models that form the basis for multi–period models (Friedman, 1977). Firstly the essay will give an introduction to the
properties of the Cournot and Bertrand models of competition and examine their implications to the relationship between structure and performance.
Then it will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recall that:
And its first–order condition for a maximum is:
According to the Cournot conjecture (
Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ‹Г ВµГВјВ‹Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ = . Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ
ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ + Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ ГўВ€В’ ГВµГВ±ВђГ ВµГВ±ВђГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ = 0 (eq. 4) Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г
ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ dqi right–hand side and
divide both sides by P, we can rewrite this equation and find the price–cost
2
= 1),
dqi
dP

=
dQ
dP
. In eq.4, if we move
Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ
Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВјВ•Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ
. Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ to the
margin as
Where Si is the firmГўВЂВ™s market share, and Г ВµГВ±В†Г ВµГВ±В†Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ = ; and e is the absolute value of the elasticity Г
ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ Г ВµГВ±В„Г ВµГВ±В„
Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ ГўВ€В’ ГВµГВ±ВђГ ВµГВ±ВђГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ ГўВ€В’ГВµГВ±В‘Г ВµГВ±В‘Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ Г
ВµГВ±В„Г ВµГВ±В„ Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ Г ВµГВ±В†Г ВµГВ±В†Г ВµГВ±ВћГ ВµГВ±Вћ (eq. 5) = . . = Г
ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ Г ВµГВ±В‘Г ВµГВ±В‘Г ВµГВ±В„Г ВµГВ±В„ Г ВµГВ±ВѓГ ВµГВ±Вѓ Г ВµГВ±В„Г ВµГВ±В„ Г ВµГВ±В’Г ВµГВ±В’
of market demand.
Based on eq.5, we can make several observations of the properties of Cournot competition. First, given positive market share, firms in Cournot market
have the market power to price higher than their marginal costs. Second, the market power of a firm is limited by the market elasticity of demand. The
more elastic demand,
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Why I Should Be Taken For Course Work Purposes
It is important to note that the things and issues that are stated in this paper are pure thought of the author. There is nothing that relates to whatever
Angelina Jolie said or did at any point. The paper is the full thought of the author and is done for assignment purposes. This is not to mean that the
things stated in this paper at any point are real or relates to the people being mentioned. For any case of misuse of the content of this paper, the
author is not liable at any point. Instead, the paper should be taken for course work purposes and it is not an article to be used for misinformation
purposes at any point. The content of this paper is strictly not for use for any reference purposes on whatever the people mentioned said or rather did.
This paper, as stated above, is purely the thought of the author. As much as the reference is on the persons' bibliography, the person has not been
involved in any part of the writing of this paper. Therefore, the paper should be strictly used for assignment purpose and no other thing.
Introduction
This paper is going to diagnose Angelina Jolie, a producer, director and film actress. She is a common figure to all the movie lovers. Angelina has
made lots of breakthroughs in the film industry through the videos that she has featured, in which, most she has been the main actress. These movies
are such as Salt and Maleficent, which were great bangs in the industry. This paper is a case study and diagnosis of Angelina Jolie on the

The New York City Department Of Consumer Affairs
1. Introduction
In 1992, the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs (NYCDCA) conducted a study where it was found that women paid, on average, 25%
more for the same haircut as men. Subsequently, in 1994, the state of California estimated that women paid an annual gender tax of approximately
$1,351 for the same services as men and therefore, in 1995, California decided to introduce a bill in order to protect consumers from price
discrimination for services, for example from hair salons, however, not for gender pricing of goods . These examples demonstrate that "pink taxes"
seem to exist for a long period of time and gives the impression to persist.
In this essay, I am going to investigate, provide evidence and analyse this exact issue using my own economic awareness and the data I found while
researching this matter.
2. Gender Price Gap Evidence and Economic Theory
More recently, in 2015, NYCDCA looked at 794 products from 35 different categories and found that women's products are, on average, 7% more
expensive than similar products for men.
Also, the gender price gap seems to be more evident on beauty products, clothes and toys. This is supported by a recent research conducted in Britain
by The Times which found that products targeted to women are, on average, 37% more expensive than similar products targeted to men. Figure 1:
Some of The Times' study findings
Figure 1 shows some of the price discrepancies found between genders in The Times' research. For

Characteristics In The Movie : The Hero Of The Hawkeye
When a movie is romantic the first thought that came to mind was epic and this movie delivers on that word, epic. This movie revolves around a set
of characters that show romantic traits, but one character comes to mind more than all the others, Hawkeye. Remember back to the beginning of the
movie he appeared though the dense fog, Hawkeye standing in the middle of the last two Mohicans to rescue Cora and Alice from there rogue
guides.Hawkeye stands out as the romantic theme of the movie not just because he is the hero of the movie, but his desire for individual freedom, love
for nature, and use of emotion and logic.
Hawkeye lived on his own terms he did not let anyone push him into doing something he did not want to do. Hawkeye held himself accountable for
the group by being a leader. The movie depicts one scene that really captures Hawkeye and his individual freedom, Hawkeye goes to the chief of the
Huron's, Sachem where the Mohicans are by his side and they are beaten before they talk to the Huron chief yet he still holds himself high when he
meets the chief surrounded by his people while he talks his mind. Hawkeye knew he was in dangerous territory and position yet he still went and held
himself with honor even though he was beaten and taunted before he got there.
To a Native American the wilderness is your home it's you life source. Hawkeye although he was not a true Native American he lived with the natives
and developed a strong kinship with nature. The movie shows a

Analysis of Bertrand RussellВґs The Problems of Philosphy...
06455401
1)
The philosopher Bertrand Russell in his work, "The Problems of Philosophy," comes to some conclusions of the truth of objects in our world. Through
questioning certain ideas and problems in our world, he breaks down what can know what really exists in the world and what does not. Russell, an
empiricist, believes that through our sensory perception of our environment. However, our own individual perception can be skewed, and therefore
is susceptible to err. Russell gives an example of three people, one is color blind, one is sick, and one is inebriated sick, and one is inebriated, and
ask them to describe the same chair, they will all give you slightly different answers. Then if you take that chair and put it behind a ... Show more
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This consistency proposes to Russell, that we, at least, must have faith in the reality of a single, specific, real chair. To this commonsensible
belief, he also goes on to propose the idea that real objects cause the sense data we intake, so therefore must be related to them in a certain
noteworthy way. So from this what can we believe and not believe to exist? Well first of all we can believe that, if we are looking at the chair, we
can conclude the object itself is real, there is a chair there. Our senses take in the sense data of a chair, four legs, a back rest, etc. We then take this
data and use our prior knowledge of other chair like things, and we can come to the solution of the object we are looking at is a chair. This logic
applies to all objects in such a manner. However we cannot truly believe that certain things truly exists. Such as the fact that we cannot truly believe
the existence of certain characteristics of an objects when it's subject outside influence, such as a chair in water. To the naked eye, the chair would
look distorted, but it is not so, the water distorts our perception of the chair, therefore deceiving our view of the reality of the characteristics of the
chair. In conclusion, Russell gives us an answer to the question, if our senses can be easily deceived and tricked into perceiving and reality that is
false, how can we believe it

Ambiguity In The Theory Of The Description Theory
In this essay I argue that the understanding of proper names seems to go beyond definite descriptions. Therefore the Description Theory is not an
adequate theory of proper name. I first provide a brief explanation of the Description Theory, and its sub–theory, the Name Claim, followed by a brief
overview of the main arguments for the Description Theory. I then provide a more detailed explanation of one direct argument: That it captures the
intuitive logic of claims involving proper names. I then explain the problem of 'Which description?', that there is 'no single determinate description'
(Lycan, 2000: 41) of a proper name. Finally I provide my own critique, showing why I believe that the Description Theory leaves us with ambiguity in
the description... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are equivalent to definite descriptions and therefore must be treated as definite descriptions are. The Description Theory goes further saying that
descriptivism about definite descriptions asserts the existence and the uniqueness of the subject and ascribes a predicate to the subject. The Description
Theory captures the intuitive logic of claims involving proper names (Lycan, 2000: 39) However, the Description Theory leaves us with ambiguity
in the description of a proper name because more than one description can be applied to one name and it does not enable us to know which
description is relevant. Therefore, there is a need to define what a relevant description of a proper name is. This makes the Description Theory an
inadequate theory of proper

Analysis Of On Laziness By Christopher Morely
"On Laziness" by Christopher Morely is an essay on laziness. He claims there are benefits to laziness and that most wise, experienced people are,
in fact, lazy. Morley's purpose is to glorify lazy people and persuade people to believe that they can be successful because he lists examples of
smart lazy people and he uses many examples in which laziness is helpful and the opposite is destructive to support his cause. Christopher Morely
used examples of lazy successful people to make his point. "Doctor Johnson, who was one of the world's great philosophers, was lazy." This
exemplifies how he uses lackadaisical intellectuals to support his cause. By using these individuals he uses ethos to persuade the audience to believe
that to be successful, one must be, to some degree, lazy. To support his claim that Doctor Johnson was lazy, he quotes a leather
... Show more content on
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It is the happy man who benefits the world. It is our observation that every time we get into trouble it is due to not having been lazy enough." He
uses the Germans as an example stating that if they were a lazier country, World War II would have been nonexistent. This can be interpreted as a
use of pathos because World War II was a very poignant juncture for the entire world, and stating it could have been stopped if the main antagonist
of the war was lazier, is very taxing on the survivors and those that were affected by the tragic event. "It is the bustling man who always gets put on
committees, who is asked to solve the problems of other people and neglect his own." Christopher uses this statement to show that if one always
overachieves and does his absolute best, he will never be happy, or have time to care for his own. He uses logos in this instance because he makes a
logical remark that busy people do not have the time lazy people

Bertrand Russell Rhetorical Analysis
Bertrand Russell argues that we should worship our good instinct, moral insights rather than worshiping the evil god. He says we should create our
own ideals and worship them. Russell explains that worshiping our ideals gives us true freedom. As he says, "in determination to worship only the
god created by our own love of the good, to respect only the heaven which inspires the insight of our best moments" (pg.51). I disagree with Russell's
argument because worshiping our insights does not reflect reality. Our personal ideals are not realistic. This paper will examine Russell's arguments of
his position of worshipping our good instincts rather than the universal power through his idea of freedom, human virtue and by turning indignation to
resignation. The second part of this paper will critically analyze Russell's position.
Bertrand Russell is concerned with people, whom he calls "savages" worshipping the universal power. These savages respect the power more than
themselves because they find the power greater than anything they see in themselves. Their thoughts and beliefs are of those the power devours.
Russell suggests that we should question whether the universal power deserves this respect. Russell concludes that we must follow our very own good
instinct, which will bring us true freedom rather than the universal evil power. As he says, "the vision of beauty is possible only to unfettered
contemplation, to thoughts not weighted by the load of eager wishes" (pg.52).

Advantages Of Oligopoly
Running head:
OLIGOPOLY MARKET
1
Oligopoly Market
Greg LaPointe
Patten University
OLIGOPOLY MARKET
2
An oligopoly is defined as a small number of companies in a particular market who are competing for the same customer base.
Oligopoly market is between perfect competition and monopolies. Perfect competition means no seller has the market power and monopoly means there
is only one seller with complete market power.
In an oligopoly market
,
t he decisions each company makes im pacts the decisions of the other companies in the same industry or market. These companies can either be related
or dependent of each other.
Sellers in an oligopoly market must understand production, capacity and pricing.
For example if a particular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A network that will expand its
OLIGOPOLY MARKET
4
market share in the telecommunications industry by moving before its competitors.
According
to the Verizon annual report and current chairman McAdam
(2014
" strong cash flows have enabled us to invest more than $80 billion in infrastructure over the past five years
"
(p. 3) has enable the company to expand into an additional 500 markets. This investment enables Verizon

Communications to lead the market in telecommunications service s and lead the way with new innovations. Verizon is building their infrastructure
for the future and has made acquisitions that position them as the leader of the industry. Differentiating themselves from the competition and investing
into their networks enable Verizon to support greater customer demand and capacity.
Market costs remain constant and profitability will remain high. Overall revenues for Verizon
Communications
within their strategic services increased 2,3% in 2014 from 2013 levels. The i nvestment in differentiating themselves from the market enables this
growth n ow and in the future . This is why I consider
Bertrand
Oligopoly as the best type of investment

Philosophy And Its Importance Of Philosophy
Philosophy and Its Importance Doing philosophy as many philosophers demonstrate over time and in the present is to simply question the
understanding of what is known and not known or accepted and unaccepted. This is to say, that philosophers must question all aspects of life and all
the surrounding dimensions of the world. In doing so, the philosopher is trying to grasp a firmer or different understanding of the truth that is either
presently or not presently known; whether comforting or not comforting. One of the world's most famous and original philosophers Socrates, had a
student named Plato who explains this very concept of philosophy in the "Allegory of the Cave" when describing what it would be like for the newly
free prisoner to realize the actual true reality in which the prisoner lives in. "[The prisoner would] be pained and dazzled and unable to see whose
shadows [the prisoner had] seen before", but the prisoner would now see reality more clearly than previously seen before. (Plato) Though the
prisoner's revelation seems to be uncomforting, Plato follows this newly sorrowful seen reality by asserting that the prisoner's next steps in
continuing would be to "see the sun, not images of it in water or some alien place, but the sun itself, in its own place, and be able to study it." (Plato)
The prisoner could now expand on this new realization of reality and allow this new view to further carry the prisoner to future and further
understandings of reality and its

Essay on Alfred North Whitehead and John Dewey
"The correlate in thinking of facts, data, knowledge, already acquired, is suggestions, inferences, conjectured meanings, suppositions, tentative
explanations:––ideas, in short." ––John Dewey Out of the authors that I have read this year, Alfred North Whitehead and John Dewey are the two that
I have found the greatest commonality with in the subject of obtaining and gaining information. Whitehead speaks on education relating back to Life.
It seems to be the only way to become a person that can understand the world around him/her is to be a person who learned using life as the main
force in education. "There is a proverb about the difficulty of seeing the wood because of the tress...The problem of education is to make the pupil see
the wood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, instead of being fed information, we begin to formulate knowledge.
There is a problem (noticed detail), thinking, hypothesis (educated idea), experiment, conclusion which compares to the hypothesis and reaches for a
proof or disproof. We have created proof or even a habit. Whitehead expresses the danger of the implantation of inert ideas. Dewey wrote that "...ideas
are anticipations of possible solutions...and tested by the operation of acting upon them." Dewey was concerned with the school problems that are
assigned to students becoming empty pointless problems that importance ends with the beginning of the pupil as a human. An idea that came to mind
was to have a basic break down as far as the needed subject matter that has to be covered yet letting the pupil's go out and find it in their lives as human
beings. Dewey would describe this as an unscholastic approach.
A problem that can lie here, is insufficient material being covered or students not fulfilling their part. Another potential problem would lie in the size
of the class. A larger class size would have the great possibility of some

Analytic Philosophy : Modality And The Iron Triangle
Modality and the Iron Triangle
Analytic philosophy had major influences on theories of meaning and the discussion of language. In this paper, I will discuss some of the most
significant people in this period and analyze the success or lack of success for each theory in the period of analytic philosophy. The names of
discussion are Bertrand Russell, Alfred Ayer, andSaul Kripke. While other influencers of analytic philosophy certainly exist, I will focus on these
authors. Each writer was a founder of a movement of thought or a beginning step to change in analytic philosophy, so their theories have major
consequences on the understanding on language and meaning. In particular, Russell was a major voice in the circles of descriptivism, Ayer was a
logical empiricist, and Kripke focused on modality and possibility. Rather than describe each of these authors' views on their respective movements, I
will focus on the consequences of their views on a particular model in the philosophical discussion of meaning: the iron triangle. This model is a
description of meaning with three points based on knowledge, the method of learning that knowledge, and the possibility of that knowledge. In this
paper, I will describe each philosopher's ideas on the iron triangle, Ayer's specific project on the model, and Kripke's subsequent challenges to Ayer.
Firstly, Bertrand Russell's approach to meaning is descriptivist, and this theory is integral to Russell's understanding of the iron triangle. This

Frege And Russell's Principles Of Mathematics
Chapter – 2
Devices Russell Takes Resource To :
In the Principles of Mathematics, Russell upheld the thesis that the whole of mathematics is a part of logic. A formal demonstration of this goal is
carried out in the three volumes of Principia Mathematica. The reduction of mathematics to logic is undertaken in two stages – в—Џ To define the
indefinables of mathematics, such as number, in terms of a few logical concepts. (conceptual reduction) в—Џ To demonstrate that mathematical truths
are derivable from a few logical truths, taken as axioms, within the proposed formal system of logic. (doctrinal reduction) The first step led Russell,
in Principles of Mathematics to undertake a logical analysis of our ordinary language. The same intention motivated Frege to discuss the nature of the
relation of identity as expressed in various identity statements, particularly with regard to mathematics. This brings to fore the puzzle of identity,
ultimately leading to Frege's theory of meaning that admits a dichotomy of sense and reference of each and every linguistic expression. Although a
realist metaphysics lies at the back of both Frege's and Russell's logical analysis of language, the theory of meaning that ensued from Russellian
analysis of language is different from that of Frege's. At the time of Principles of Mathematics, Russell subscribed to a kind of naive or,

The Description Theory of Meaning Essay
The description theory of meaning was proposed independently by Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege as a response to some of the fallacies of the
reference theory. Description theorists propose that instead of being a simple 'word – world relationship', meaning is derived from descriptions
associated with certain objects and stored in our mind (or senses in Frege's case). Frege and Russell's accounts of the theory differ subtly in how they
view descriptions. Several objections have been made against the theory, but only the most important objections will be raised. These include
Strawson's objection to the attributive use. Also, the problems of ignorance and error raised by Kripke tarnish the description theory's attractiveness. The
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allows him to extend the Description Theory to almost every meaning. The extension of the theory to names seems natural as when one refers to
someone, they often add a description. For example, 'The fat slob of a father on the Simpsons' explains just who Homer Simpson is. This analysis
helps the Description theorist to overcome some of the problems which plagued the Reference Theorist. This theory is an improvement on the
reference theory, as it is much better at explaining some of the features of language, such as why we explain proper names with descriptions if asked.
Comparing Frege and Russell's Theories
While having essentially a similar message, there are some key differences between the two original Description theorist's hypotheses. Both the
theories can pick out a specific referent indirectly with something like a description. However, while the emphasis is the same, Russell's analysis
appealed to the description as being something within a competent user's mind, whereas Frege saw these descriptions as senses. He described these as
being platonic entities, thus objective, whereas the referents they picked out as being subjective. These abstract objects are used to determine how
reference can be made in the concrete world. Russell argues that there are not 'two levels of semantic significance' in his theory, so that when his theory
is logically formulated, it has a 'general nature',

Watching What W Say
"Watching What We Say" Over the course of the semester we discussed many different theories on epistemology. Our focus was to try to understand
if we can claim true knowledge from the things we think we know, and how we come to know them. Experience seems to be the major factor that
plays a role in the way we come to know things. According to contextualists, language, more so the context in which it is used, also plays a role in the
way establish knowledge. In this paper we will focus on two contextual theorists, Ludwig Wittgenstein and David Lewis. We will discuss their theories
and few skepticisms about their theories. A major contextualist claim is that our attributions of knowledge can vary from person to person based on the
user's context. The way we utter sentences, the many different contexts in which we use the words to form statements, may differ in truth value as
well. According to an online article in the Stanford Encyclopedia, Patrick Rysiew describes contextualism as "entertaining of the possibility of some
kind of pluralism concerning epistemic standards. In one instance, this took the form of the claim, in response to skepticism, that there are "two senses
of 'know'"–one 'strong' or 'philosophical', the other 'weak' or 'ordinary'. So too, some of Wittgenstein's claims about the relation between meaning and
use and the multiplicity of "language games", each with its own set of norms, opened the way for a more thoroughgoing kind of semantic pluralism with

appearence and reality Essay
Appearance and Reality
In Chapter One Bertrand Russell basically wants to know the true meaning of "reality". The truth is that "reality" can never truly be determined. I
say this because there is a difference between believing and actually knowing. For example I know the desk in the front of the classroom is real. I
know this because all of my senses concur. Now when I try to determine to color, the texture or even the shape of the desk I will run into a problem.
Just as the example given in the text, the tables color may look difference according to the amount of light that is on it. If the amount of light is
changed the shade of the color will also change, therefore making ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How can we truly know the feeling, or taste, or sound, or anything of any given object. If you touch something how do you know you felt it with
enough force? If you taste something how do you know you tasted enough of it? When you hear something how do you know if you heard right?
Another thing that Bertrand Russell speaks of is illusion. An illusion is an erroneous perception of reality. This is when the mind plays tricks. An
example is our dreams. When we awake we sometimes aren't sure if what had just happened was a dream or in fact a real occurrence. Another
example which everyone is familiar with is an optical illusion. When you see something from a distance and its appearance can be obscure. The
closer you find yourself to the obscurity, the less obscure it seems. If there is a something miles away from you in the distance, your eyes tell you that
there is nothing more than a mere dot. As the "dot" comes closer you eventually realize that it was not a dot, but was actually something different all
together. Once again it is nearly impossible to determine the "truth". All of our senses combined must agree upon the final result.
In conclusion it is hard to determine what is "real" and what is not. Even when consulting all of our senses what is "real" can still be questioned. How
do I as my own person know that my senses concur with someone else's senses? One's senses are determined by the person using

The Is A Mobile Application
Uber is a mobile application which consumers can use their smartphones to submit a trip request, and then it will be accepted by Uber drivers who
drive their own cars. After each ride, drivers and passengers can rate each other on a five–star scale. The rating system establishes the reputation for
both drivers and passengers, which is transparent to each user. Uber founded in March 2009, and it headquartered in San Francisco. By now, Uber
has already expanded its service in over 60 countries and 400 cities worldwide. Additionally, Uber has many innovative products, which includes Uber
Rush, Uber Eat, Uber Cargo, and UberPool. This brand new taxi service totally attack the traditional taxi service. In traditional taxi market in New York,
It is also a mobile application, which connects passengers who need a ride with drivers who have a car. The principle is quite similar with Uber. Lyft
now offer service in over 200 U.S. cities. In September 2015, Lyft cooperated with Didi–Kuaidi that is the Uber's biggest competitor in China. This is
really convenience for American and Chinese. For example, if Chinese traveled in U.S., they can use Didi–Kuaidi to submit a trip request to Lyft
driver. Since the emergence of Lyft, some of Uber's consumers and drivers switch to Lyft. Price war started after Lyft appeared in the ride
–sharing
service market. In order to get more customers, Uber cut the price by 20% in January 2014, it then became the cheapest ride–sharing service in the
market. At this point, Uber is playing a game of chicken. In this chicken game, Uber and Lyft are two players. They both have two actions that are
lower price and stay with current price. Uber chooses to lower price. Lyft would either cut price down or lose some customers. If Lyft chooses to
lower price, they both would end up with negative payoff, which bad for both players. If Lyft stays with current price, some Lyft users would switch
to Uber. Thus, Uber would have higher payoff than Lyft, and they both would have positive payoff. In fact, Lyft cut price by as much as 30% in April
2014. This indicates that they both result in negative payoff. The price war between Uber and Lyft is still on fire. Uber has lower price many

I Am Gained Through Philosophy, Even For The Computer...
There is knowledge to be gained through philosophy, even for the computer science student. When I first learned that this was a required course for
my degree curriculum, I did not believe I would find value in taking the course. Now I am going to present my evaluation of why I have changed my
mind. What is the definition of philosophy? The dictionary would define it as "the study of the basic ideas about knowledge, truth, right and wrong,
religion, and the nature and meaning of life". My first response was "truth, right and wrong, religion, meaning of life", how can that help a computer
science student? The idea of gaining knowledge through the discipline of philosophy seemed foreign to me. What I learned was that my original ...
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The historian would be able to go on for hours churning out historical facts. If you were to ask the same question of philosophers, they would have to
admit that their studies have obtained positive along with negative results. The reason for this is that as soon as any knowledge about a subject gets
definite, it turns into its own science, and is no longer called philosophy. (Bertrand Russell p21 Book). I agree with Russell that the questions that
philosophers try to answer are a part of what drives ambiguity in philosophy. Russell states that philosophy is not just about recommending answers
to questions, additionally it is to make sure that people are aware of the questions coupled with the importance of each of those questions. Questions
he posed like, "is consciousness a permanent part of the universe giving hope to indefinite growth in wisdom and the questions of good and evil" are
valid questions that should be applied to all disciplines. Being employed in the field of computer science feels like there is indefinite growth with
what we are watching being designed today, at the same time we shouldn't overlook the morality in the things we create. I would agree with Russell's
conclusion that we need to study the questions. Before I took Introduction to Philosophy, if you were to ask me any of the questions Russell mentions
above I would have had no comment or opinion on any of them. I never thought about them before. I

Why Denunciation Is Important
What is Denunciation?
Denunciation is a public statement that strongly disapproves of someone who has broken the law. It is a principle of sentencing in criminal law, that
the sentence sends a clear message to the general public that the offence is serious and the punishment just.
In a civil law the act of which an individual informs a public officer whose duty is to prosecute offenders, because of the crime that has been committed.
An example of a denunciation is publicly telling the devil doings of an elected official
Another example of a denunciation is to send a written notice to students that a previous agreement to honour lower prices for excellent grades is no
longer going to be honoured.
Why is Denunciation important?
Denunciation is important because if there wasn't such thing as denunciation people would be going along doing whatever they like, so why it exists
people are able to follow rules and know that if they don't, there will be consequences. What is rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation Describes specialized healthcare that is dedicated to improving, maintaining or restoring physical strength, cognition and mobility with
maximized results. In short terms rehabilitation is what helps people gain greater independence after, illness, injury, surgery or drug and alcohol abuse.
Why is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When they had found out that he had lost his fight and was definitely getting the execution penalty Sister Helen thought it was important he was able to
have dignity in himself, she knew very well that he had felt sorrow and regret for what was done and she felt that if he was able to make peace with
the victims parent's that he would die knowing he was able to apologize to

Famous Thinkers Essay Dr. King and Bertrand Russell
Famous Thinkers
PHL/458
March 19, 2012
Creative ideas are the foundation of the creative process (Goodman & Fritchie, 2011). To change the way a person thinks about an issue, or to
find a solution to the problem is what many of the ideas revolve around. The level of greatness that each thinker is famous for is acquired throughout
their life. There are a few things that all famous thinkers have similarities in that allow them to hold the position a "famous thinker." Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. (January 15, 1929–April 3, 1929) and Bertrand Russell (May 18, 1872–February 2, 1970) are two famous thinkers that are discussed in this
paper. Each of these men changed the way people viewed the issues of the day through the creative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This meant appealing to the principle of democracy and making the political system accountable.
Mr. Russell's problem he wanted to solve is the use of a logical analytical approach to determine the truth about common claims based on inference. This
implies that every truth or claim should be the foundation of the logical constructions versus inferred entities.
In order to offset the immoral acts of racism and segregation Dr. King's resolution to the problem was advocating civil disobedience among African
Americans. His philosophy maintained that it is the responsibility of each individual to disobey unjust laws (Ware, 2009). He had faith that integration
was the solution to gaining equality, and he upheld a non–violent policy to achieve his goal. His non–violent policy was based on the belief that the
battle against segregation should be fought in a courtroom instead of the street (Ware, 2009).
Introducing a distinction between two unlike styles of knowledge of truth was Russell's solution to his problem. Being direct, infallible, and certain is
the first truth style and the second is open to error, indirect, and uncertain. He gave a good explanation for his position by proving that it is essential
that indirect knowledge stand up to more fundamental or direct knowledge. Basically stating that theory alone does not show facts and you must have
provable facts or direct knowledge.
Dr. King's

Bertrand Russell And The Greatest Philosopher
BERTRAND RUSSELL Bertrand Russell was born on May 18, 1872 into British aristocracy, In 1931 career centered on work as a philosophy
professor, writer and public lecturer. He not only knew but worked with many dominant figures in the late 19th and 20th century as a philosopher, a
mathematician, science as well as politics. Russell was arguably the greatest philosopher in the 20th century. Although Russell was a decent man he got
most of his ideas from Gottolob Frege, a German mathematician, logician and philosopher. Gottolob was also a vicious anti–semite and proto–Nazi.
The Nobel Prize Committee described Bertrand Russell as one of the best spokesman of rationality and humanity. According to Russell, the value of
philosophy is to be sought in the effects it has on those who study it. The more you study philosophy, the more free yourmind become. Russell
believed that exercise is to the good of the body as philosophy is to the goods of the mind. Philosophy keeps alive the interest in the world. It aims the
achievement of knowledge through criticism and self–evaluation. Philosophizing allow those who study it to enrich their intellectual imagination.
Russell saw philosophy as a way of life, insisting that questions have an ethical urgency. I believed his assertion is correct. One who sought philosophy
cultivate the mind. They become self–reflective and wiser. From that point on their mind is free to evaluate the world around us. Philosophy evasion of
questions pertains to the

The Secret Of Happiness : Wisdom Of The Ages And Modern Sages
The Secret of Happiness – Wisdom of the Ages and Modern Sages On How to Achieve Happiness By JD Meier | Submitted On November 06, 2011
Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+
Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on
Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author JD Meier What is the secret of happiness? While we may say "to each his own," we can also
draw from the wisdom of the ages, and modern sages, to find some of the timeless principles of happiness. With that in mind, the most effective
way I 've found to improve happiness is to own your happiness and grow happiness right under your feet. And the beauty is, you can start your
happiness journey from wherever you are. 10 Ways to Achieve Happiness Here are 10 ways to help you on your happiness journey: Drive from
Happiness. Ultimately, happiness is a decision to drive from. One you flip this switch, you actually set the stage to find excuses to be happy instead
of excuses why you are not. Count what counts. Sometimes it 's the little things that count the most. Don 't let the good stuff pass you by, simply
because you didn 't notice. A simple way to do this is end your day by thinking of three of your favorite highlights of the day. Focus on what 's right,
not on what 's wrong. If you tend to walk into

The Problems Of Philosophy By Bertrand Russell, Ayn Rand,...
While the use and understanding of philosophy goes widely unknown by a majority of the population today, a selective few have recognized its
potential and utilized it to its fullest. In the following essay, three prominent philosophers; Bertrand Russell, Ayn Rand, and Christopher Hitchens. Each
gives their insight to three important topics; the value of philosophy, using philosophy and its value, and the importance of freedom of speech. All of
whom will be discussed, and agreement or disagreement will also be concluded and supported.
Bertrand Russell's essay "The Problems of Philosophy", is in most ways an argument for the continuation of the practice of philosophy. To summarize
Russell's argument, it is a vindication of the practice of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While it is clear that Bertrand Russell wished for the continuation of the practice of philosophy, he acknowledges most people have no idea what
philosophy is, outside of the idea of a group of people thinking about life. With this writing while giving some of the products that have come from
philosophy, he also warns that not all answers can be gained from the philosophy. While definite answers can be gained through the sciences,
philosophic study only raises more uncertainty.
Bertrand Russell supports his arguments with insight that comes from teaching, practicing, and seeing the effects of philosophy both within himself
and the people around him. While studying philosophy Russell will only intensify the uncertainty about the world around us and the inner workings of
our mind. Likewise in support of Russell's argument, the study of sciences that is aforementioned such as; Phycology, Astronomy, and Physics which
were originally pondered by philosophers has moved from philosophical theory to scientific study.
Likewise with the pursuit and study of philosophy, the likelihood of the student holding on to the dogmatism, and predigests that is set forth by society
and past experiences. Along with this the aforementioned Practical Man Russell supports his argument with a description, " The practical man who
recognizes only material needs, who realizes men must have food for the body, but is

The Value of Philosophy Essay
The Value of Philosophy
The word "philosophy" is derived from two ancient Greek words, "philos" meaning 'love of' and "sophia" meaning 'wisdom'. Philosophers are lovers
of wisdom. They have had the time and resources to sit back and wonder about what things really are like when all the pieces are fitted into one final
accounting.
The history of philosophy is generally divided into four stages or periods.
Ancient philosophy covers Greek and Roman philosophy.
Medieval philosophy deals with the great attempts by Christian, Jewish, and Arab thinkers to synthesize their religious faiths with Greek and Roman
philosophy.
Modern philosophy includes the various philosophical attempts in the 17th and 18th centuries to react to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russell was a leader in the revival of the philosophy of empiricism in the large field of epistemology. He wrote Our Knowledge of the External World
(1914), The Analysis of Matter (1927) and Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits (1948). He also wrote Principles of mathematics (1903), Principia
Mathematica (with A.N. Whitehead; three volumes, 1910 – 1913), and Introduction to mathematical Philosophy (1919).
Russell agrees that philosophy deals with issues with uncertain answers. Yet in this uncertainty, he sees philosophy's chief value– that in contemplating
the great questions one is freed from narrow personal interest alone.
Let's review the problems of philosophy, and then make conclusion, what is the value of philosophy.
In view of the fact that many men, under the influence of science or of practical affairs, are inclined to doubt whether philosophy is anything better
than innocent but useless trifling, hair–splitting distinctions and controversies on matters concerning which knowledge s impossible.
This view of philosophy appears to result, partly from a wrong conception of the ends of life, partly from a conception of the kind of goods which
philosophy strives to achieve.
Philosophy, like all other studies, aims primarily at knowledge. The knowledge it aims at is the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to
the body of the science,

Philosophy Is Not An Impossibility
Nowadays, philosophy is seen as a simple art where people instantly question everything. People who practice this discipline are perceived as crazy and
are not understood by the society. Noticing that this science sub–exist since the former time, it has to have a value as other science that we maybe we
did not perceive as first sight. Fortunately, Russell, one of the people who practice this science, enlightens us on the purpose of the philosophy. By
extrapolating the philosophy, the comprehension of this science could be grasp by its origin, then its significance and finally its place in the world.
Indeed, the philosophy is not an effortless subject to grasp. It could be misunderstood by those unfamiliar to the topic. It is apodictic ... Show more
A love could be more important that the one who love depending to the degree we put in it. However, love mostly has a connotation which leads
toward an entirely; this wholly that we can either pursue or be with. But a question to our momentum could be who that wisdom that we could love be.
Wisdom might be defined as a knowledge that we use as discernment to know what could be good or bad. A wisdom which come from the adjective
wise is also having some experience in one particular subject. We could notice in this simple word wisdom disclose intrinsically a lexical field of
knowledge inside or outside its being which is abstract.
In addition, love an intangible which is wisdom could not reveal from the physic, the material. This discipline can only target what we can not see
which has a relation with the mind. Thus, love of the wisdom commonly known as philosophy which display two abstract notions, one is a strong
feeling which push us to significantly bewitch what we love with great interest, the other as a judgment or experience derivative of the knowledge
which appeared not strong but discreet and sober. This paradox is what philosophy is: a chase of wisdom, a passion concerning the study of
knowledge, a sane thirst of apprenticeship concerning the different experience of life. Knowing its origin could not be necessarily mean grasp what
philosophy is.

Regeneration
There are at least two ways to answer this question. One way is to argue that Regeneration is not an anti–war novel. First, because the work is historical
fiction, we might assert that it was necessary for Barker to include Sassoon's protest against the war as an important facet of his character, but that his
protest is not central to the novel. Second, as the narrator does not play an intrusive role in the story, there is no overarching judgment of the
occurrences and events that carries a didactic anti–war tone. Third, in the characters' observations there is most definitely a condemnation of well
known pacifists like Bertrand Russell and Ottoline Morrell. Finally, we may argue that Regeneration is not an anti–war novel because it ... Show more
This topic resurfaces throughout the novel. Sassoon remembers the young boy in the bed next to him who has been castrated on the battlefield.
Anderson dreams he is tied up with corsets. Prior recalls his weakness against his father and the influence of his mother. Sassoon mentions to Rivers the
topic of homosexuality and the idea of an "intermediate sex." Rivers reflects on the "feminine: nature of healing and caring for one another on the
battlefield.
The motif of emasculation signals the powerlessness the men feel when confronted with the shocking reality of war. Although they try to do the
ostensibly manly thing by enlisting in the war and fighting for their country, they must face society's judgment that it is decidedly unmanly to suffer a
breakdown from their war experience. In the hospital, Rivers's method of treatment involves further unmanly actions, as the patients are forced to
release their emotions and discuss their feelings. Willard is so opposed to the unmanliness of his situation that he refuses to believe he has anything
other than a physical problem. Yet, Rivers achieves results in a sympathetic manner; he helps his patients to improve and lead a normal life once again.
Through further emasculation the patients are able to improve. Ultimately, the motif of emasculation in the novel challenges the traditional notion of
manliness.
Suggested Essay Topics
Describe the role of fathers and mothers in the novel. How do they

Russell On Denoting
"On Denoting" and Definite Descriptions: Russell's Puzzle Solutions In his work, "On Denoting", Bertrand Russell proposes a theory of denoting and
descriptions, which he summarizes as follows: Everything, nothing, and something, are not assumed to have any meaning in isolation, but a meaning is
assigned to every proposition in which they occur. This is the principle of the theory of denoting I wish to advocate: that denoting phrases never have
any meaning in themselves, but that every proposition in whose verbal expression they occur has a meaning. (480) Russell contends that the
"difficulties concerning denoting are [...] all the result of a wrong analysis of propositions whose verbal expressions contain denoting phrases" (480). In
In considering this puzzle, Russell first introduces the principle of the indiscernibility of identicals (hereafter the indiscernibility principle), which
states that "[i]f a is identical to b, whatever is true of the one is true of the other, and either may be substituted for the other in any proposition without
altering the truth or falsehood of that proposition" (485). That is, two identical entities can be used interchangeably in any statement without altering
the truth–value of the statement in question. Russell then sets forth the proposition 'George VI wished to know whether Scott was the author of
Waverly ' and concludes that, since Scott was in fact the author of Waverly, one can replace 'the author of Waverly ' with 'Scott ' and "thereby prove
that George VI wished to know whether Scott was Scott" (485). Under the indiscernibility principle, both propositions are true since the terms 'the
author of Waverly ' and 'Scott ' are identical and thus wholly substitutable for one another. However, while Russell finds the first proposition to be
true ( 'George VI wished to know whether Scott was the author of Waverly '), Russell concludes that the second proposition, 'George VI wished to
know whether Scott was Scott ', is false due to the fact that "an interest in the law of identity can hardly be attributed" to George VI (485). Herein lies
the Substitutivity Puzzle. The

Ge Case Analysis
, Case #1: the turbine generator industry
The default prediction that we'd make using economic theory (or common sense) in the absence of game theory is that, in the turbine generator case,
General Electric should have undercut Westinghouse because the former has lower costs.
But we start to see why it didn 't when we introduce capacity constraints into the Bertrand model. Capacity constraints can stem from two things:
decreasing returns to scale, or demand–uncertainties that create expected inventory–cost risks and induce firms to produce to order and carry backlogs.
The second condition certainly prevails in the turbine generator case.
Anti–trust regulators observed that both GE and Westinghouse were pricing higher than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Empirical data suggests successful signaling between the firms in the Cournot aspect of their game also.
Attempts by government to discourage tacit collusion in industries like this one are worse than silly. They harm businesses and consumers, bring in no
extra public revenue, and may actually create monopolies instead of discouraging them! Such perverse competition policies are nevertheless in place in
both the European Union and South Africa.
In the United States, firms can be investigated for collusion by the anti–trust authority only if there is physical evidence of communication about
pricing strategies between competing firms. In the EU and SA, by contrast, competition authorities can investigate merely because they observe that
industry prices aren't at competitive equilibrium.
So what is supposed to happen, under the latter regime, when competitive equilibrium and Nash equilibrium don't coincide? This implies that at least
one firm must sacrifice some profits to deter the authority from investigating. It would be inefficient if all firms in the industry so sacrificed at all
times. For maximum industry profits, one firm at a time should price away from equilibrium and be compensated by the others. Thus we have it that as
a result of (badly theorized) competition policy – policy explicitly designed to deter collusion – we get incentives to

Summary Of Bertrand Russell's The Conquest Of Happiness
Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and mathematician throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries. He wrote in many philosophical areas,
including epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics, with some of his most notable works being Theory of Knowledge, Why I'm Not a Christian, and In
Praise of Idleness. He also worked with mathematics and logic, penning Principia Mathematica and Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 for various pieces of writing he had published. He was also very openly pacifist, and even went to jail in
1918 for publicly encouraging anti–war ideology during World War I. Russell is widely considered to be an incredibly influential thinker and writer.
One of his popular works, The Conquest of Happiness, discusses the unhappiness that many ordinary people suffer from and how to fix it. The first
nine chapters detail causes of unhappiness, including pessimism, competition, excitement, and emotional fatigue. Russell displays many scenarios in
which these qualities are present and why they cause such unhappiness to begin with. He then spends seven more chapters explaining what causes
happiness, including an individual's relationships with their jobs, spouses, and other family. He demonstrates the reasons why these are so effective in
creating happiness in people and how these goals can be reached. The book overall preaches contentment rather than total elation, relaxation rather than
constant excitement,

The Deplection Of Bertrand Russel's Reflection On Worldview
Worldview Reflection paper Philosophy is all about knowledge and the comprehension of existence. It tries to answer many questions about our
reality. In fact, lots of philosophers, or as some are called, Humanists, wants to understand the purpose of life and so, the human's status. In this
essay, it will be discussed how Worldviews can have many aspects and how interpretations of life might be different from a person to another. In fact,
Bertrand Russel's worldview will be explained, as well as my worldview and how those two might or might not be similar. As a starting point, Russel
believes a lot in human's freedom (Norman, 5). He thought that everyone should have a free will, do their own choices and use their intellectual
capacities as way of showing their "Human dignity" (Norman, 5). Moreover, he is recognized as a secular humanist, which means that he does not
believe in religion. He thinks that humans should create a great environment of living not for God, but for themselves (Norman, 5). Finally, Bertrand
Russel does believe in sciences, in fact "Russel's description of reality is a mathematical, logical structure given to us in circumscribed doses
according to our subject positions" (Briggs, 7). Briefly, he thinks that everything has a scientific explanation which is one of the reasons he does not
believe in any religious explanations of the universe and have an atheistic worldview.
In addition, I would describe myself as a pacifist which is the belief that anything can be done without violence and with equality. As a child, I
used to play football with my three brothers and our friends (which were all guys except me). Since I was the only girl, I really had difficulties to
be accepted or picked up in a team, and each time was a real fight for my rights to play with them. This is why today I cannot accept inequalities
between sexes and I do not hesitate to take part of a conflict in which girls are not considered equal. Furthermore, I always had animals around me
during my childhood so when I found an abandoned cat in the street two years ago, I did not hesitate to take her with me and pay for the vaccines or
other necessary treatments so I could keep her. Also, I always was an artistic child

Persuasive Essay On Volunteering
eather French Henry once said, "Volunteering is at the very core of being a human, no one has made it in life without someone else's help,"
(Volunteering Solutions 3). Similarly, the butterfly is a very small natural force which over a period of time gains a cumulatively large effect that
produces great beauty. This phenomenon begins first with insurmountable struggles and works its way through a snarled mess of webbing and
eventually takes flight. With every effort, the first step in volunteering is usually the hardest. However, once the intention is set, the flight of
volunteering takes off. In fact, many scholars over the years have argued over how involved an individual should be in one's community. Some believe
the largest reward a person can achieve from giving their time and money to the good of their community is the satisfaction, accomplishment, and pride
that comes from within. Ultimately, an individual's role should be founded on one's ability to be impactful to their community, this impact can be quick
or long lasting but in the end, the results of volunteering demonstrate leadership and stewardship which through example inspires others to do the same,
creating a better place for all to live.
The purpose of giving stems from the ability of each individual to be impactful with their own actions. Through the action of giving to one's
community, the meaning of the action does not lie in how much money or how much volunteering is produced, rather how much

Russell's Theory Of Denoting In The Principles Of Mathematics
2.1.2. Problem with the Theory of Denoting in The Principles of Mathematics:
Russell's theory of denoting as exposed in The Principles of Mathematics considers that whatever can be mentioned is a thing or a term i.e., an object.
Thus, things, whether exist(like, the present queen of England) or not (like, the golden mountain) have being if it can be used as the logical subject of
a proposition. This view of Russell is closely akin to that of Meinong's. However, there are some points of disagreement too. Two main theses of
Meinong's theory of object ( Гњber Gegenstandstheorie) are – i) There are objects that do not exist. (T1) ii) Every object that does not exist is yet
constituted in some way or other and thus may be made the subject of a true predication. (T2) This is, in fact, the doctrine of Aussersen – independence
of sosein (character) from sein (being). Meinong thinks, even if an object happens to be unthinkable, it is something having at least the property of
being unthinkable. And, whether or not something exists or has any other kind of being, it is an object i.e., something about which one is conscious,
according to Meinong. Russell's view at the time of The Principles of Mathematics, resembles Meinong's in that Russell also holds that every object of
thought has some being. In The Principles of Mathematics , Russell says –

Value of Philosophy Essay
Philosophy is the study of examining and thinking about questionable ethical problems and/or generally accepted certainties. Philosophy aims at
knowledge that combines a variety of academic fields as well as convictions, prejudices and beliefs.
What is Russell's essay about? Present Russell's position in your own words.
Bertrand Russell's essay addresses many issues concerning philosophy. In the writing, he states philosophy's nature, value, and criticisms. The essay
explains these aspects of the study of philosophy in relatively different ways. The main idea for establishing value in his essay is by explaining how it
is best obtained, and its effect on other people. The essay continues with his criticisms of those who opposed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It states that even though philosophy doesn't give us a certainty of true answers, it suggests many possibilities which enlarge our thoughts and free
them from tyranny of custom. He also supports the idea that philosophy is beneficial because it "enriches intellectual imagination". The essay brings
up the points of the practical man, and why they are at a loss of intellectual imagination because they don't explore the unknown by viewing life as
simple. As evidence, he uses an example of mass disease and poverty of a society. Thetheory is that in those conditions, there would still be much to
be improved to produce a valuable society. Even if the society has the proper food supplies, they need the 'goods of the mind' (knowledge) to build a
well–governed society. He believes practical men undermine that aspect, thereby explaining their lack of intellectual imagination. The next argument
is that philosophy saves us from convictions, prejudices, and cultural beliefs. The affect that that has on a person is to open up a fresh prospective
with very little bias. He believed for this to be beneficial to people socially, by developing empathy which helps you understand others points of view.
That theory goes hand–in–hand and gives a fine segway to his fourth and final argument of "the freedom and equity learned from philosophical
contemplation reflecting in your personality (action and emotion). The

The Responses Of Fear In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
In 1950, the British mathematician and philosopher Bertrand Russell once stated, "To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom.". During the same
time, the world was gripped by the fear of communism and the possibility of nuclear attacks during the Cold War. Published in 1954, the novel Lord
of the Flies, by William Golding, expresses the ramifications of fear in a group of young English boys that have been stranded on an island. Golding
explores both the physical and chemical reactions of fear, as well as the connection to communism and how it relates to the dynamic on the island. The
response to fear begins in a part of the brain called the amygdala, which functions as the threat center. It triggers the fight or flight response. In his
novel, Golding uses Ralph to display both of these reactions. For example, Ralph begins to fear Jack after they split into separate tribes. The turmoil
within the group leads to a fight amongst the two boys, "They met with a jolt and bounced apart. Jack swung with his fist and caught him on the ear.
Ralph hit Jack in the stomach and made him grunt." (207). Rather than let his fear get the best of him, Ralph fights back against Jack to protect
himself. In this situation, his brain aids him in quickly and impulsively reacting to what is happening. However, when facing the beast for the first time,
Ralph chooses to flee instead, "Ralph found himself taking giant strides among the ashes... Presently the mountain was deserted, save for three

Definition Essay
Definition Essay – Defining Reality
The distinction that causes the most trouble in philosophy is the distinction between "appearance" and "reality," between what things seem to be and
what they are. The painter wants to know what things seem to be, the practical man and the philosopher want to know what they are. . . . but if reality
is not what appears, have we any means of knowing whether there is any reality at all? – Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy
In everyday life people distinguish between the real size of the sun and the size it appears to be, between the natural components of a cloud (a
concentration of water droplets) and what the cloud seems to be (some fleecy substance?), and so on. However, when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Does the universe exist as humans know and describe it, or is the universe just a false reality in which nothing really exists at all?
This is all based on the presuppositions of knowledge, those "philosophical principles that lie at the foundations of virtually all of our knowledge and
beliefs." Without them, we could believe nothing, know nothing, and think nothing else. The presupposition that the universe even exists is the
fundamental belief that breathes air into the lungs of science. Although most people choose not to question the existence of themselves and the
universe around them, the status of such principles is just as much in question as the status of any big philosophical questions. No matter how obvious
the answers may seem to be, existence of any entity, physical or otherwise, is very difficult to prove, and by most popular standards, impossible.
I believe, however, that existence is not provable through reason based on experience, but by that very experience. While many great [and amateur]
philosophers argue that the life in its natural state is based on God, or science, or any of a great number of other things, I argue that life is merely
based on consciousness. There is no proof of one's own existence but one's own consciousness, that very awareness of your being. Whether it is a false
awareness or not is no matter. It is that

Technology And Technology Essay
Is technology really helping society for the better? Banksy is a street artist(s), who began doing graffiti in the early 1900s. The work done by the
artist(s) is largely freehand but also uses stencils to apply the work. At times, the work makes political statements in a public place to cause
attention. Other times the work is less serious and includes pieces depicting children or lovers. This work is produced in a public location so the
public can view the art; it is created for everyone to see. The two images I have chosen are less politically driven and more focused on the integrity
of today's society. These images were given names of "The Lovers" and "Einstein". Both of these art works tell a story of technology taking over
today's society. Banksy uses his art to open the eyes of the viewers, with "The Lovers" and "Einstein" he catches the attention of many people of its
interpretation of today's society. Technology is constantly advancing, there is a new phone or electronical device coming out almost every month.
Practically everyone owns something that can be used to search the internet or send messages. But is this taking away from the personal connections
needed in our daily lives? Many times, a person is more likely to send an email or text rather than have a phone call or meet up with the person
because it is easier. Since everyone is becoming busier in their daily lives it is easier and more convenient to send the message and wait for a response.
Although

Siegfried Sassoon's Glory Of Women
In 1917, Siegfried Sassoon composed the sonnet "Glory of Women" during the first World War, an important piece of twentieth century modernist
poetry. In this poem, the role as much as the attitude of women during the Great War is criticised. This essay argues that Sassoon's opinion on war and
the participation of women conveyed in his Sonnet is influenced by his own experiences, also by referring to his biography as much as to historical
research on World War One. First of all, one has to analyse the poem with regards to form and content. The Sonnet holds the Iambic Pentametre, written
"in lines of ten syllables with emphasis on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth." (n.d. 1–2). It is starting with an alternate rhyme (ABAB), having
Siegfried discovered his homosexual tendencies early, like Max Egremont explains in his work: "The person whom Sassoon loved inside the house was
a man: Stephen Tennant." (10) In this context, his social environment radicalised Siegfried's opinion of women. For example, during his studies at
Cambridge University, he got into contact with the poet Edward Carpenter who thought that "homosexuals had greater imaginative freedom than
heterosexuals" (46). Having felt different and abnormal, Siegfried's attitude changed: "What ideas I had about homosexuality were absolutely
unprejudiced." (46), maybe this gave him the feeling of being superior to

The Value Of Philosophy By Bertrand Russell
The essay "The Value of Philosophy" by Bertrand Russell suggests that many "practical" people view philosophy as rather useless, because these
people are – according to Bertrand Russell – operating both with wrong conceptions about the ends of life and wrong conceptions about what goods
philosophy strives to achieve. According to Russell the value of philosophy is in what it does for the person who studies it. He makes the point that
goods of the mind are as important in life as goods of the body. He says that the main value of philosophy is that it enlarges one's thoughts, brings one
into union with the "not–Self", and helps us avoid being caught in narrowness as human beings. His main ideas are that philosophy is to be studied to
enrich our intellects, diminish our dogmatism, and make us citizens of the universe.
In the essay, Russell presents the study of philosophy as a valuable undertaking, even though it does not directly help the whole world or increase one's
material wealth. The value is to be found for the student of philosophy herself or himself. This value is primarily found in the intellectual development
that is available for those who undertake the study philosophy. They can escape narrowness, dogmatism, and narrowness as they become citizens of the
world, with enriched intellectual capacities. Russell concludes with the idea that the mind becomes enlarged through the study of philosophy.
[PLEASE NOTE!: I have not put much commentary on the quotes here, but

Bertrand Russell on Analytical Philsophy Essay example
"The point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with something so paradoxical that no one will
believe it"
– Bertrand Russell, The Philosophy of Logical Atomism.
Bertrand Russell was born in 1872 in Wales, England as a member of a famous British family. He received a degree from Trinity Cambridge College
with honors in Mathematics and Moral Sciences. His most famous works included the subjects of logic and philosophy, which were deeply rooted in his
mathematics background. In fact, Russell is probably the most highly regarded and most read English–speaking philosopher of our time. Russell was
not merely an intellectual, but also a political and social activist, writing many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Analysis of the Mind written in 1921 show the connections between Russell's views on the nature of the mind and how matter is altered in
relation to it. Russell's key themes seem to be that of physical vs. psychological. In fact, Russell expands on the ideas that there is in fact no difference
between the two and the only key difference is the perception given by the person trying to distinguish between the two. Russell sees the difference
between physics and psychology only in the laws that bind them, or so he states in the opening while it seems this theory will be altered throughout his
books.
Consciousness is logically fundamental. Without it, how can there be anything observed or even thought about? We need consciousness to experience
anything, including but not limited to, " sensations and images, memories, beliefs, and desires" . Consciousness is, in essence, the most important
aspect of the mental state, but Russell does not agree, and says so in the following passage; " `Sensation, in the strict sense of the term, demands the
existence of consciousness.' This statement, at first sight, is one to which we feel inclined to assent, but I believe we are mistaken if we do so."
Russell actually holds to the idea that while consciousness is important, it is not necessary. Russell states that he believes we are not always aware of
things that happen, and therefore consciousness is

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