Water quality management systems and treatment are so important for the plastics industry. Learn what an industrial water system can do for your company.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Evaluation of physico chemical parameters and microbiological populations o...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
i prepared this for my presentation, i hope you guys like it. i am trying to find this topic in web,but its not there,so i decided to do in own.i am uploading this ppt for whom ,they don't know how to make a presentation in power-point .this ppt basically related to "self purification of river-streams" .how it get self purified.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Benefit from improved water quality management. Maintaining good water quality ensures clean heat exchangers, corrosion free piping and equipment's life and maximize a plant's productivity.
Evaluation of physico chemical parameters and microbiological populations o...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
i prepared this for my presentation, i hope you guys like it. i am trying to find this topic in web,but its not there,so i decided to do in own.i am uploading this ppt for whom ,they don't know how to make a presentation in power-point .this ppt basically related to "self purification of river-streams" .how it get self purified.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Benefit from improved water quality management. Maintaining good water quality ensures clean heat exchangers, corrosion free piping and equipment's life and maximize a plant's productivity.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
10. Runoff Water
Originates from rainwater runoff into streams and lakes and is usually very
soft and has low pH.
Runoff water doesn’t have the contact time to dissolve mineral scale, the lack
of hardness tends to make it more corrosive. Its purity leads to high cycles of
concentrations in cooling water systems and efficient use of water and
chemicals.
11. Lake Water
Lake water (Great Lakes and St Lawrence River): is a combination of
spring-fed, runoff rainwater and water from river sources and results in
water of moderate hardness and alkalinity levels.
This makes for good cycles of concentrations and good water and
chemical use. Softening is not normally necessary for cooling tower
systems with a proper chemical program, and when not sending
cooling tower water to areas of high temperature.
12. Well Water
It is usually very hard and alkaline.
When used as cooling tower makeup water the cooling system
must run with limited cycles of concentrations resulting in high
water and chemical use, the water is treated by softening or pH
modification through the addition of acid.
15. pH
A numerical value between 1 and 14
represents the chemical balance
between acidity and alkalinity in water.
City water sources normally vary in pH
between 6.8 and 8. Great Lakes and St.
Lawrence River water pH levels are 7.5
- 7.8 which makes the water slightly
corrosive and practically non-scaling
under most temperatures.
16. Temperature
Temperature (F) is one of the most important factors
affecting one of the most common problems in water
systems - the formation of hardness scale.
Scale formation (Lime) preferentially occurs on hot heat
exchanger surfaces. Higher temperatures will also
increase the rate of corrosion.
17. Corrosion
Corrosion is a chemical or
electrochemical degradation process of
metal surfaces. The purer the water, the
more corrosive the water becomes.
18. Corrosion Example
Deionised water is the most corrosive,
followed by reverse osmosis water, softened
water, city water, and finally cooling tower
water. In general, corrosion will decrease as
the pH increases and becomes more alkaline.
Iron will show minimal corrosion at a pH of
8.3 and above in untreated waters.
19. Scale/ Corrosion Index
Scaling and corrosion exist in a balance that
can be affected by pH, temperature, alkalinity,
total suspended solids and total hardness. A
common method of expressing this balance is
in terms of a Langelier Saturation Index. (LSI)
20. Scale/ Corrosion Index Example
St. Lawrence and Great Lakes water have a
slightly positive LSI and can easily be treated
chemically in closed systems. When used in
cooling systems the LSI increases as
impurities build up. Chemical management
programs normally keep the LSI below +3
before any problems of scaling occur.
21. Impurity Concentration
Higher concentrations of impurities in
combination with other factors of
temperature, flow, pH and alkalinity will
combine to cause problems of deposition
of suspended solids, microbiological
fouling and scale formation.
22. Total Hardness
Total hardness is expressed in terms of
ppm of Ca++ and Mg++. Under positive LSI
conditions (high pH, alkalinity,
temperature, and total dissolved solids)
these cations will combine with carbonate
and bicarbonate alkalinity to form scale
on the hottest heat transfer surfaces on
any water system.
23. Scale Formation
Scale formation occurs in direct
proportion to temperature and will
reduce heat transfer in areas where it
is needed most - molds, high
temperature hydraulic oil exchangers,
TCU’s and barrel heat exchangers.
24. Suspended Solids
Airborne dirt and dust can be drawn
into a tower and cause problems of
deposition and fouling, especially in
heat exchangers. Corrosion products
and microbiological growth from the
water system can also combine and
settle in areas of low flow.
25. Deposition
Is the natural result of
over-concentrating suspended solids
and tends to occur on hot heat
transfer surfaces and in areas of low
flow, especially in areas of changing
flow. Deposition will reduce both flow
and heat transfer.
27. Open loop system
Closed loop system
Closed systems
Open cooling systems
System bleed-off
Types of Industrial Water Systems
28. Open Loop Systems
Dynamic systems that require a continuous addition
of water to make-up for losses due to evaporation
and bleed-off.
29. Open Loop Systems Example
A cooling tower system relies on evaporation for
cooling. With evaporation, all impurities (anions and
cations) remain behind and concentrate several
times. The amount of solids in the water can be
limited by bleeding off the dirty water. Clean city
water is then required to make-up for losses.
30. Closed Loop Systems
No evaporation occurs and apart from some
controlled water losses when molds are changed,
no make-up water is required. In this case, the
chemistry of this water is identical to city water.
Impurities in closed systems will not normally
concentrate unless corrosion is active and adding
suspended iron to the system.
31. Closed Systems
Chilled and Hot Water Heating Systems:
Closed systems do not have the evaporation
process that increases the impurity levels that are
found in open cooling water systems. The LSI in
closed water systems will remain below scaling
levels, even under higher temperatures. This is the
preferred water system for mold cooling.
32. Open Cooling Systems
Cooling Towers:
Chemicals are best fed continuously in proportion to
make-up and will vary according to the actual load
on the system. A contact meter, on the city water
make-up, controls the chemical feed of scale and
corrosion inhibitors. As the system works harder,
more water is evaporated; more make-up water is
required which feeds more chemicals.
33. System Bleed-off
This is a way of de-concentrating dirty tower water.
The amount of bleed-off should also vary in
proportion to the load in the system. This will keep the
chemical levels constant in the system.
34. Conductivity is a measurement of
the amount of total dissolved solids in a
system. As the load and evaporation
increases, the water becomes saturated
with impurities which will increase the
water conductivity. A probe continuously
monitors the conductivity of the water. As
water evaporates, the conductivity rises
above a pre-set level and a bleed-off
solenoid valve will open to discharge a
controlled amount of cooling tower water
to the sewer.
35. The prevention of MB growth in
a cooling system is handled by
biocides. These products are to
be shot-fed to a system for
maximum impact and fed on an
alternating basis with the second
dissimilar biocide.
36. Tests for scale and corrosion, chemical
levels, conductivity, MB counts and
daily records of makeup water
readings will ensure good
control over a cooling
water treatment.
37. In general, cycles of concentration in a cooling
tower system for The Great Lakes and the St.
Lawrence River are kept around 3.5, assuming the
suspended solids do not exceed 50 ppm. This
controlled approach by bleed-off and chemical
treatment will minimize water use and maximize
chemical efficiency.
38. No matter what type of chilling system your plant
is equipped with, understanding the water in an
industrial system and applying appropriate
chemical water treatment is absolutely
necessary. Your plant’s productivity and the life of
your equipment depend on it.
39. For more information, Contact BERG
416.755.2221
bergsales@berg-group.com
www.berg-group.com