Beeswax used for repairing damaged dry human bones
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This document discusses the use of beeswax for repairing damaged dry human bones used in anatomy studies. It provides details on the composition and properties of beeswax, as well as its various historical and current uses. The document then describes a study where beeswax was used to successfully repair damaged bones, including a pelvis, skull, hyoid bone, scapula, and rib cage. The repairs allowed the bones to be used effectively for long periods of time in a simple and cost-effective manner.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Beeswax used for repairing damaged dry human bones
- 1. Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy Shruthi Bhat, Sheela G Nayak, Vidhyashambava Pare, Sagar Borker Kurinji Venkatramana Gowda Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka National journal of clinical anatomy Vol. 2(4), Pg: 200-203 2013
- 2. Beeswax • The wax is formed by worker bees • Initially glass-clear and colourless • becoming opaque after mastication and adulteration with pollen • to build honeycomb cells
- 3. Contents • Hydrocarbons • Monoesters, diesters, triesters • Hydroxy polyesters • Acid esters, acid polyesters • Free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols • Unidentified substances
- 4. Physical charecteristics • Tough wax • Low melting point – 62 – 64 degree Celsius • Discolours when heated above 85 degree c • Cold – brittle • Room temperature – tenascious • Soft & pliable @ 35-40 degree c
- 5. Uses • Types – yellow(crude), white(bleached) & beeswax absolute(treated with alcohol) • Used for – food, cosmetics & pharmaceuticals
- 6. Food • Food additive • Glazing agent • Coat cheese, fruits • Ingredient in chewing gum
- 7. Cosmetics • Substitute for petroleum jelly • Lip balm, lip gloss, hand creams, eye liners, eye shadow, etc. • Moustache wax • Hair pomades
- 8. Clincally • Surgical bone wax – control bleeding from bone surface
- 9. Historical use • Lost wax casting “cire – perdue”
- 10. • Wax tablets
- 12. • Strengthen sewing thread • Sealing wax • Didgeridoo • Tooth filling
- 13. Objective • Studied use of beeswax to repair damaged dry human bones used in anatomy.
- 14. Materials & methodology • Spirit lamp, forceps, scissors, scalpel, quick fix, varnish, copper wire, enamel paint, paint brush & spatula.
- 15. How to extract • Step 1
- 16. • Step 2
- 17. • Step 3
- 18. • Step 4
- 19. Waxcloth
- 20. • Crude wax placed on damaged bones • Given correct shape manually • Applied fast gum
- 21. Repaired pelvis • Articulated ilium with sacrum & counter part
- 22. Skull
- 23. Hyoid bone
- 24. Scapula
- 25. Rib cage
- 26. Discussion • Students who use bone set often don’t know to maintain it • Fail to understand negative impact • No special demonstration prescribed by Medical education in India
- 27. Conclusion • Simple to use • Cost effective • Appropriate technique to repair bones in anatomy • Bones can be used for long periods
- 28. Thank you