This document summarizes a research paper about using a Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) based STATCOM to enhance power quality in a thirty bus power system. It first provides background on power quality issues and how Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices like STATCOMs can help address them. It then describes the components and operation of a conventional STATCOM and introduces the ZSI as an alternative inverter topology. The research presented in the paper models and simulates a thirty bus system both with and without a ZSI-based STATCOM to study improvements in voltage regulation and reactive power compensation.
Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOMIJERA Editor
Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented.
Analysis and Simulation of Solar PV Connected with Grid Accomplished with Boo...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper deals with a solar PV array connected with grid system. This system consists of PV cells with 30 KW system, Boost converter, three phase inverter with suitable control system and three phase load. This paper gives analysis of each components of the system. The output voltage from the solar PV cells are variable according to radiation intensity and temperature so in order to connect with grid the output voltage should be fixed and converted to AC voltage and this job will be done by an inverter. A very effective control system has been developed for the inverter based on pulse width modulation. This paper presents an intensive performance and dynamic behavior of a grid related PV energy conversion system. The PV system is developed and simulated with the help of MATLAB Simulink software environment. Abhishek Verma | Dr. Anup Mishra | Brahma Nand Thakur "Analysis and Simulation of Solar PV Connected with Grid Accomplished with Boost Converter and PWM Based Inverter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40056.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/40056/analysis-and-simulation-of-solar-pv-connected-with-grid-accomplished-with-boost-converter-and-pwm-based-inverter/abhishek-verma
The document discusses the use of solid state transformers (SST) in wind energy systems. SST can effectively replace conventional transformers and reactive power compensators, increasing the flexibility of wind energy systems. SST integrate rectification, isolation, and inversion stages to provide voltage conversion as well as reactive and active power compensation. The document also describes how SST can be interfaced with wind energy systems to provide benefits such as power factor control, fast isolation during faults, and regulation of both AC and DC loads.
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER - USING FLYBACK CONVERTERAbhin Mohan
FUTURISTIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT.
A Device that can step up as well as step down coltage and get output as both DC or AC. Total flexibility of Power using DC link by Flyback Coverter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of facts devices for two area power system stability enhancement u...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of SVC and STATCOM FACTS devices for enhancing transient stability in a two area power system modelled in MATLAB. The paper reviews previous research on using FACTS controllers like SVC, STATCOM, SSSC, TCSC and UPFC to improve power system stability. Simulation results from the paper indicate that a two machine system installed with STATCOM provided better damping of rotor angle oscillations compared to an SVC installation, demonstrating improved transient stability when using a STATCOM.
This document discusses power quality enhancement using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It provides an overview of various FACTS devices including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). MATLAB simulations of systems using SVC, STATCOM and SSSC are presented to demonstrate how each FACTS device can improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage fluctuations and power oscillations. The document concludes that FACTS devices provide better power quality under varying source voltages and sudden loading conditions.
The document is an abstract from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology discussing load reactive power compensation using a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with power angle control of the voltage-sourced converters. It introduces a new concept of using the UPQC's series inverter to simultaneously compensate for voltage sags/swells and share the reactive power load with the shunt inverter. The power angle control approach coordinates the reactive power between the two inverters. Mathematical analysis is presented to extend power angle control for this application. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed control concept.
Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOMIJERA Editor
Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented.
Analysis and Simulation of Solar PV Connected with Grid Accomplished with Boo...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper deals with a solar PV array connected with grid system. This system consists of PV cells with 30 KW system, Boost converter, three phase inverter with suitable control system and three phase load. This paper gives analysis of each components of the system. The output voltage from the solar PV cells are variable according to radiation intensity and temperature so in order to connect with grid the output voltage should be fixed and converted to AC voltage and this job will be done by an inverter. A very effective control system has been developed for the inverter based on pulse width modulation. This paper presents an intensive performance and dynamic behavior of a grid related PV energy conversion system. The PV system is developed and simulated with the help of MATLAB Simulink software environment. Abhishek Verma | Dr. Anup Mishra | Brahma Nand Thakur "Analysis and Simulation of Solar PV Connected with Grid Accomplished with Boost Converter and PWM Based Inverter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40056.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/40056/analysis-and-simulation-of-solar-pv-connected-with-grid-accomplished-with-boost-converter-and-pwm-based-inverter/abhishek-verma
The document discusses the use of solid state transformers (SST) in wind energy systems. SST can effectively replace conventional transformers and reactive power compensators, increasing the flexibility of wind energy systems. SST integrate rectification, isolation, and inversion stages to provide voltage conversion as well as reactive and active power compensation. The document also describes how SST can be interfaced with wind energy systems to provide benefits such as power factor control, fast isolation during faults, and regulation of both AC and DC loads.
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER - USING FLYBACK CONVERTERAbhin Mohan
FUTURISTIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT.
A Device that can step up as well as step down coltage and get output as both DC or AC. Total flexibility of Power using DC link by Flyback Coverter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of facts devices for two area power system stability enhancement u...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of SVC and STATCOM FACTS devices for enhancing transient stability in a two area power system modelled in MATLAB. The paper reviews previous research on using FACTS controllers like SVC, STATCOM, SSSC, TCSC and UPFC to improve power system stability. Simulation results from the paper indicate that a two machine system installed with STATCOM provided better damping of rotor angle oscillations compared to an SVC installation, demonstrating improved transient stability when using a STATCOM.
This document discusses power quality enhancement using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It provides an overview of various FACTS devices including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). MATLAB simulations of systems using SVC, STATCOM and SSSC are presented to demonstrate how each FACTS device can improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage fluctuations and power oscillations. The document concludes that FACTS devices provide better power quality under varying source voltages and sudden loading conditions.
The document is an abstract from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology discussing load reactive power compensation using a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with power angle control of the voltage-sourced converters. It introduces a new concept of using the UPQC's series inverter to simultaneously compensate for voltage sags/swells and share the reactive power load with the shunt inverter. The power angle control approach coordinates the reactive power between the two inverters. Mathematical analysis is presented to extend power angle control for this application. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed control concept.
An Approach of D-STATCOM in Single Phase System with Power Quality ImprovementIJERA Editor
The paper describes the design of D-STATCOM in single phase for voltage interruption mitigation of fault in an unbalance system. Speed of response is higher than static var compensator (SVC) and harmonic emission is less than SVC that is why D-STATCOM is used in place of static var compensator. It validates the performance of D-STATCOM for improving power quality and harmonics. It provides a guide for utilities to have an appropriate choice of FACTS devices for enhancing stability. The work proposes a two pulse STATCOM configurations in which voltage source inverter uses IGBT as a switching device have been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Accordingly, simulation is first carried out to illustrate use of D-STATCOM in mitigating voltage interruption in single phase. The scope of the paper is to explore the D-STATCOM in single phase. Normally, D-STATCOM is not used in single phase, so an attempt has been made to introduce DSTATCOM in single phase load or household applications. Simulation results of 3KVAR D-STATCOM validate that integrated D-STATCOM with 230V, 91μF capacitor is suited for single phase system with voltage interruption mitigation capacit
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
The document is an abstract from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology discussing fault analysis on a three-phase, three-level grid-connected photovoltaic system. It presents models for the key components of the system - the photovoltaic array, three-level inverter, distribution network, and control algorithms. Dynamic models are developed in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the system and analyze faults. The models account for factors like irradiance and temperature that impact photovoltaic output. Space vector pulse width modulation is used to reduce harmonic content from the three-level inverter. Simulation results are said to verify the effectiveness of the control system under different operating conditions.
Design of self tuning pi controller for statcom using bats echolocation algor...g.kumaravel
The document describes a study that designed a self-tuning PI controller for a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) using a Bats Echolocation Algorithm (BEA). A STATCOM is a Flexible AC Transmission Systems device that helps maintain power system stability. The proposed BEA was used to optimize the PI controller gains to regulate the load bus voltage for a power system configuration that included a STATCOM. Digital simulations showed the self-tuning PI controller using the BEA had a faster dynamic response in maintaining the load bus voltage compared to a fixed gain PI controller, especially for a non-linear load.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Modified cascaded multilevel inverter with ga to reduce line to line voltage thdIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on a modified cascaded multilevel inverter with genetic algorithm optimization to reduce line-to-line voltage total harmonic distortion. The proposed inverter uses an H-bridge topology with a multi-conversion cell consisting of three voltage sources and switches to produce a seven-level output with reduced switch count compared to a conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. Genetic algorithm is used to determine optimal switching angles to minimize the line voltage THD while maintaining the desired fundamental output voltage. Simulation results show the modified inverter achieves lower THD than the conventional design using fewer switches.
Comparison of Multi-Machine Transient Stability Limit Using UPFCIJMTST Journal
The stability of an interconnected power system is compare to normal or stable operation after having been
subjected to some form of disturbance. With interconnected systems continually growing in size and extending
over vast geographical regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain synchronism between
various parts of the power system. This paper investigates the comparison of transient stabil ity limit of a
multi-machine power system wi th the help of a UPFC operated in perpendicular vol tage control
mo d e an d t h e i r i t ’ s c omp ar i s o n .
Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) use power electronics to enhance control and increase power transfer capability on AC transmission lines. A flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller can control one or more AC transmission system parameters using power electronics. There are several types of FACTS controllers including series controllers that inject voltage in series with a line, shunt controllers that inject current, and combined series-series or series-shunt controllers. Thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) are widely used series controllers that control power flow by varying the reactance of a thyristor-switched capacitor bank.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
This document discusses optimizing the energy production of an autonomous photovoltaic (PV) system with a simple charge regulator. The study determines the optimal open circuit voltage range of the PV field for 12V and 24V storage systems. Mathematical models are developed for PV modules, storage batteries, and charge regulators. Simulation results show that a PV field's open circuit voltage between 16-23V optimizes energy production for a 12V system, and between 34-43V for a 24V system, under standard test conditions. The optimal voltage ensures the intersection point between the PV and battery voltage-current characteristics is near the PV module's maximum power point.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
This document compares buck and boost converter topologies for use in photovoltaic power systems to maximize power extraction from solar panels. It finds that the boost converter is better suited as the PV interface as it can maintain continuous input current flow to the load. Simulation results show that a boost converter tracking the maximum power point of a PV array can increase the output voltage from 17.1V to 24.9V and deliver 60W of power to the load. The boost converter also performs well under varying temperature and solar irradiation conditions according to the simulations.
Battery energy storage and power electronics based voltage and frequency cont...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a system for connecting a wind turbine to the electric grid using battery energy storage and power electronics for voltage and frequency control. The system includes an asynchronous generator, uncontrolled rectifier, PWM inverter, DC link capacitor, and battery storage. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate the system's ability to generate grid-quality power from a wind turbine while regulating voltage and frequency. The battery storage compensates for fluctuations from the intermittent wind power and supports strengthening the generator's connection to the grid.
This document discusses the design of a multiple-input power converter (MIPEC) for use in an electric vehicle propulsion system that includes a fuel cell generator and a combined storage unit composed of ultracapacitors and batteries. It presents the topology and dynamic modeling of the MIPEC, which is responsible for power flow management. The design and sizing of the MIPEC, fuel cell, batteries, and ultracapacitors are determined together based on traction drive requirements and standard driving cycles. Experimental results from a 60 kW MIPEC prototype are also mentioned.
A STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) is a shunt compensation device that can regulate voltage by providing or absorbing reactive power. It uses a voltage source converter to generate a voltage in quadrature with the line current to exchange reactive power with the power system independently of the system frequency. STATCOMs have faster response times than traditional compensation devices, allow active power control with storage, and provide compensation without requiring large capacitor banks or reactors. They can help improve voltage stability in power grids by injecting reactive power to maintain voltages.
Transformer-Less UPFC for Wind Turbine ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this paper, an innovative technique with a new concept of transformer-less unified power flow controller
(UPFC) is implemented. The construction of the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters
which results in complexity and bulkiness which involves the transformers which are complication for
isolation & attaining high power rating with required output waveforms. To reduce a above problem to a
certain extent, a innovative transformer-less UPFC based on less complex configuration with two cascade
multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been the most
versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device due to its ability to control real and reactive power
80w on transmission lines while controlling the voltage of the bus to which it is connected. UPFC being a
multi-variable power system controller it is necessary to analyze its effect on power system operation. The
new UPFC offers several merits over the traditional technology, such as Transformer-less, Light weight, High
efficiency, Low cost & Fast dynamic response. This paper mainly highlights the modulation and control for
this innovative transformer-less UPFC, involving desired fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for low
total harmonic distortion (THD), independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line,
dc-link voltage balance control, etc. The unique capabilities of the UPFC in multiple line compensation are
integrated into a generalized power flow controller that is able to maintain prescribed, and independently
controllable, real power & reactive power flow in the line. UPFC simply controls the magnitude and angular
position of the injected voltage in real time so as to maintain or vary the real and reactive power flow in the
line to satisfy load demand & system operating conditions. UPFC can control various power system
parameters, such as bus voltages and line flows. The impact of UPFC control modes and settings on the
power system reliability has not been addressed sufficiently yet. Cascade multilevel inverters has been
proposed to have an overview of producing the light weight STATCOM’s which enhances the power quality at
the output levels.When the multilevel converter is applied to STATCOM, each of the cascaded H-bridge
converters should be equipped with a galvanically isolated and floating dc capacitor without any power
source or circuit. This enables to eliminate a bulky, heavy, and costly line-frequency transformer from the
cascade STATCOM. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either three-phase line due to a fault reduces
an active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double before the interruption. Installing
the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of active power flowing through the transmission system.
Results has been shown through MATLAB Simulink
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
This document provides a review of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), a type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. It discusses the basic components and operating principles of the UPFC, which combines the functions of a STATCOM and SSSC to control active and reactive power flow. The UPFC consists of two voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link. One converter injects a voltage in series with the transmission line to control power flow while the other exchanges reactive power with the line to regulate the DC link voltage. Control schemes for both converters are described. The document also presents Simulink models of the UPFC and concludes it is effective for improving power system stability
Planning Strategy for Heritage Conservation of Campal Heritage Precinct in Pa...IJMER
ABSTRACT: Panaji was formally a Portuguese colony
and it is well known for its rich cultural and built heritage.
The city has been declared as heritage city to provide
assistance under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM) Scheme, which was launched by the central
government in coordination with the state government. It is
also one of the important tourist destinations and has one of
the longest coastlines in India. The city has many heritage
buildings and precincts. The Campal heritage precinct is
one of the Conservation areas, which has been identified in
the Outline Development Plan 2011. “The Goa Land
Development and Building Construction Regulation 2010”
has also identified two residential houses and a statue of
Dr. Francisco Luis Gomes in the Campal garden. The
heritage area has number architectural and heritage
buildings of high significance, which requires identification
and notification. These have come under tremendous threat
due to new developmental pressures in the area and some of
them are getting demolished due to non comprehensive
approach to the heritage conservation by the agencies
concerned including people at large. The paper focuses on
the issues faced by the heritage precinct and proposes
planning strategies and measures for harmonious
development in the Campal heritage precinct.
Keywords: Heritage Precinct, Conservation Areas, Strategies.
A Novel Data Extraction and Alignment Method for Web DatabasesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An Approach of D-STATCOM in Single Phase System with Power Quality ImprovementIJERA Editor
The paper describes the design of D-STATCOM in single phase for voltage interruption mitigation of fault in an unbalance system. Speed of response is higher than static var compensator (SVC) and harmonic emission is less than SVC that is why D-STATCOM is used in place of static var compensator. It validates the performance of D-STATCOM for improving power quality and harmonics. It provides a guide for utilities to have an appropriate choice of FACTS devices for enhancing stability. The work proposes a two pulse STATCOM configurations in which voltage source inverter uses IGBT as a switching device have been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Accordingly, simulation is first carried out to illustrate use of D-STATCOM in mitigating voltage interruption in single phase. The scope of the paper is to explore the D-STATCOM in single phase. Normally, D-STATCOM is not used in single phase, so an attempt has been made to introduce DSTATCOM in single phase load or household applications. Simulation results of 3KVAR D-STATCOM validate that integrated D-STATCOM with 230V, 91μF capacitor is suited for single phase system with voltage interruption mitigation capacit
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
The document is an abstract from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology discussing fault analysis on a three-phase, three-level grid-connected photovoltaic system. It presents models for the key components of the system - the photovoltaic array, three-level inverter, distribution network, and control algorithms. Dynamic models are developed in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the system and analyze faults. The models account for factors like irradiance and temperature that impact photovoltaic output. Space vector pulse width modulation is used to reduce harmonic content from the three-level inverter. Simulation results are said to verify the effectiveness of the control system under different operating conditions.
Design of self tuning pi controller for statcom using bats echolocation algor...g.kumaravel
The document describes a study that designed a self-tuning PI controller for a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) using a Bats Echolocation Algorithm (BEA). A STATCOM is a Flexible AC Transmission Systems device that helps maintain power system stability. The proposed BEA was used to optimize the PI controller gains to regulate the load bus voltage for a power system configuration that included a STATCOM. Digital simulations showed the self-tuning PI controller using the BEA had a faster dynamic response in maintaining the load bus voltage compared to a fixed gain PI controller, especially for a non-linear load.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Modified cascaded multilevel inverter with ga to reduce line to line voltage thdIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on a modified cascaded multilevel inverter with genetic algorithm optimization to reduce line-to-line voltage total harmonic distortion. The proposed inverter uses an H-bridge topology with a multi-conversion cell consisting of three voltage sources and switches to produce a seven-level output with reduced switch count compared to a conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. Genetic algorithm is used to determine optimal switching angles to minimize the line voltage THD while maintaining the desired fundamental output voltage. Simulation results show the modified inverter achieves lower THD than the conventional design using fewer switches.
Comparison of Multi-Machine Transient Stability Limit Using UPFCIJMTST Journal
The stability of an interconnected power system is compare to normal or stable operation after having been
subjected to some form of disturbance. With interconnected systems continually growing in size and extending
over vast geographical regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain synchronism between
various parts of the power system. This paper investigates the comparison of transient stabil ity limit of a
multi-machine power system wi th the help of a UPFC operated in perpendicular vol tage control
mo d e an d t h e i r i t ’ s c omp ar i s o n .
Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) use power electronics to enhance control and increase power transfer capability on AC transmission lines. A flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller can control one or more AC transmission system parameters using power electronics. There are several types of FACTS controllers including series controllers that inject voltage in series with a line, shunt controllers that inject current, and combined series-series or series-shunt controllers. Thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) are widely used series controllers that control power flow by varying the reactance of a thyristor-switched capacitor bank.
TCSC AND SVC OPTIMAL LOCATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEM WITH...eeiej_journal
Wind generation connection to power system affects steady state and transient stability. Furthermore, this
effect increases with the increase of wind penetration in generation capacity. In this paper optimal location
of FACTS devices is carried out to solve the steady state problems of wind penetration. Two case studies
are carried out on modified IEEE39 bus system one with wind reduction to 20% and the second with wind
penetration increase by 50% in the two cases system suffer from outage of one generator with load at bus
39 decreases from 1104 MW to 900 MW.
This document discusses optimizing the energy production of an autonomous photovoltaic (PV) system with a simple charge regulator. The study determines the optimal open circuit voltage range of the PV field for 12V and 24V storage systems. Mathematical models are developed for PV modules, storage batteries, and charge regulators. Simulation results show that a PV field's open circuit voltage between 16-23V optimizes energy production for a 12V system, and between 34-43V for a 24V system, under standard test conditions. The optimal voltage ensures the intersection point between the PV and battery voltage-current characteristics is near the PV module's maximum power point.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
This document compares buck and boost converter topologies for use in photovoltaic power systems to maximize power extraction from solar panels. It finds that the boost converter is better suited as the PV interface as it can maintain continuous input current flow to the load. Simulation results show that a boost converter tracking the maximum power point of a PV array can increase the output voltage from 17.1V to 24.9V and deliver 60W of power to the load. The boost converter also performs well under varying temperature and solar irradiation conditions according to the simulations.
Battery energy storage and power electronics based voltage and frequency cont...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a system for connecting a wind turbine to the electric grid using battery energy storage and power electronics for voltage and frequency control. The system includes an asynchronous generator, uncontrolled rectifier, PWM inverter, DC link capacitor, and battery storage. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate the system's ability to generate grid-quality power from a wind turbine while regulating voltage and frequency. The battery storage compensates for fluctuations from the intermittent wind power and supports strengthening the generator's connection to the grid.
This document discusses the design of a multiple-input power converter (MIPEC) for use in an electric vehicle propulsion system that includes a fuel cell generator and a combined storage unit composed of ultracapacitors and batteries. It presents the topology and dynamic modeling of the MIPEC, which is responsible for power flow management. The design and sizing of the MIPEC, fuel cell, batteries, and ultracapacitors are determined together based on traction drive requirements and standard driving cycles. Experimental results from a 60 kW MIPEC prototype are also mentioned.
A STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) is a shunt compensation device that can regulate voltage by providing or absorbing reactive power. It uses a voltage source converter to generate a voltage in quadrature with the line current to exchange reactive power with the power system independently of the system frequency. STATCOMs have faster response times than traditional compensation devices, allow active power control with storage, and provide compensation without requiring large capacitor banks or reactors. They can help improve voltage stability in power grids by injecting reactive power to maintain voltages.
Transformer-Less UPFC for Wind Turbine ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this paper, an innovative technique with a new concept of transformer-less unified power flow controller
(UPFC) is implemented. The construction of the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters
which results in complexity and bulkiness which involves the transformers which are complication for
isolation & attaining high power rating with required output waveforms. To reduce a above problem to a
certain extent, a innovative transformer-less UPFC based on less complex configuration with two cascade
multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been the most
versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device due to its ability to control real and reactive power
80w on transmission lines while controlling the voltage of the bus to which it is connected. UPFC being a
multi-variable power system controller it is necessary to analyze its effect on power system operation. The
new UPFC offers several merits over the traditional technology, such as Transformer-less, Light weight, High
efficiency, Low cost & Fast dynamic response. This paper mainly highlights the modulation and control for
this innovative transformer-less UPFC, involving desired fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for low
total harmonic distortion (THD), independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line,
dc-link voltage balance control, etc. The unique capabilities of the UPFC in multiple line compensation are
integrated into a generalized power flow controller that is able to maintain prescribed, and independently
controllable, real power & reactive power flow in the line. UPFC simply controls the magnitude and angular
position of the injected voltage in real time so as to maintain or vary the real and reactive power flow in the
line to satisfy load demand & system operating conditions. UPFC can control various power system
parameters, such as bus voltages and line flows. The impact of UPFC control modes and settings on the
power system reliability has not been addressed sufficiently yet. Cascade multilevel inverters has been
proposed to have an overview of producing the light weight STATCOM’s which enhances the power quality at
the output levels.When the multilevel converter is applied to STATCOM, each of the cascaded H-bridge
converters should be equipped with a galvanically isolated and floating dc capacitor without any power
source or circuit. This enables to eliminate a bulky, heavy, and costly line-frequency transformer from the
cascade STATCOM. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either three-phase line due to a fault reduces
an active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double before the interruption. Installing
the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of active power flowing through the transmission system.
Results has been shown through MATLAB Simulink
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
This document provides a review of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), a type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. It discusses the basic components and operating principles of the UPFC, which combines the functions of a STATCOM and SSSC to control active and reactive power flow. The UPFC consists of two voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link. One converter injects a voltage in series with the transmission line to control power flow while the other exchanges reactive power with the line to regulate the DC link voltage. Control schemes for both converters are described. The document also presents Simulink models of the UPFC and concludes it is effective for improving power system stability
Planning Strategy for Heritage Conservation of Campal Heritage Precinct in Pa...IJMER
ABSTRACT: Panaji was formally a Portuguese colony
and it is well known for its rich cultural and built heritage.
The city has been declared as heritage city to provide
assistance under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM) Scheme, which was launched by the central
government in coordination with the state government. It is
also one of the important tourist destinations and has one of
the longest coastlines in India. The city has many heritage
buildings and precincts. The Campal heritage precinct is
one of the Conservation areas, which has been identified in
the Outline Development Plan 2011. “The Goa Land
Development and Building Construction Regulation 2010”
has also identified two residential houses and a statue of
Dr. Francisco Luis Gomes in the Campal garden. The
heritage area has number architectural and heritage
buildings of high significance, which requires identification
and notification. These have come under tremendous threat
due to new developmental pressures in the area and some of
them are getting demolished due to non comprehensive
approach to the heritage conservation by the agencies
concerned including people at large. The paper focuses on
the issues faced by the heritage precinct and proposes
planning strategies and measures for harmonious
development in the Campal heritage precinct.
Keywords: Heritage Precinct, Conservation Areas, Strategies.
A Novel Data Extraction and Alignment Method for Web DatabasesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
High Speed Fault Injection Tool (FITO) Implemented With VHDL on FPGA For Test...IJMER
This document describes a high speed fault injection tool (FITO) implemented on an FPGA for testing fault tolerant designs. FITO supports injecting different fault models like permanent faults, transient faults, and bit flips. It modifies VHDL design descriptions to insert extra logic for fault injection controlled by a fault injection signal (FIS). The fault injection manager schedules faults and asserts FIS. It was implemented using VHDL and tested on a Spartan-3E FPGA board using a redundant ALU processor design. FITO aims to provide high speed fault injection with good controllability and observability for evaluating fault tolerance of FPGA-based systems.
Modelling the Effect of Industrial Effluents on Water Quality: “A Case Study ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A Novel Method for Creating and Recognizing User Behavior ProfilesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Fabrication and Characterization of PPS /40%GF/nano-CaCo3 Hybrid CompositesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The document discusses the simulation and development of a stepper motor to control the position of a shuttle disc in a badminton playing robot. It includes:
1) A description of the system components including the stepper motor, drive circuit, batteries, and shuttle disc load.
2) A MATLAB simulation of the stepper motor model to analyze performance at no load and rated load conditions.
3) Hardware implementation of the system to rotate the shuttle disc using a stepper motor and microcontroller drive. Testing showed accurate rotation within 0.02 degrees of the target position even with shuttles loaded.
Presentasi ini membahas sumber hukum Islam yaitu ijtihad. Ada dua macam ijtihad yaitu ijtihad sendiri dan ijtihad bersama. Ada beberapa syarat untuk melakukan ijtihad antara lain memiliki pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang Al-Quran, hadis, bahasa Arab, dan ilmu-ilmu lain yang relevan.
The document summarizes the implementation and performance analysis of MIMO in Digital Video Broadcasting-T2 (DVB-T2). It discusses how MIMO-OFDM was implemented to support multiple antenna transmission and reception in DVB-T2. The DVB-T2 transmitter and receiver were simulated using MATLAB. MIMO processing replaced the existing MISO processing to allow multiple transmitting and receiving antennas. The implementation aimed to reduce peak-to-average power ratio and support robustness levels for both fixed and portable devices. Simulation results showed accurate constellations and a decreasing bit error rate graph with increasing SNR.
The document discusses the key elements of the everlasting gospel and the three phases of the first angel's message from Revelation 14:6-7. It explains that the everlasting gospel highlights salvation through Jesus alone, and must be brought back to its pure form. It also summarizes that the first angel's message includes: 1) a worldwide proclamation of the pure gospel, 2) a warning that the judgment hour has begun, and 3) a call to worship the Creator of the heavens, earth, and sea - pointing to the seventh-day Sabbath. The pure gospel and this three-phase message are described as restoring true Christianity and preparing people for Christ's return.
A digital footprint is a record of everything posted online about an individual, including what they post themselves, photos others post of them, and information posted by friends and family. This footprint can impact things like job applications, school admission, and what people think of an individual, both positively and negatively. To manage their footprint, people should be careful about what they post online, the websites they join, forms they fill out, who they give information to, and photos they post.
El documento presenta el nuevo sistema constructivo USG TABLAROCA® ANTI MOHO, un tablero de yeso tratado con inhibidores que combaten los hongos no solo en la superficie sino también en el núcleo. Incluye dos sistemas: USG TABLAROCA® ANTI MOHO para humedad y hongos, y USG TABLAROCA® ANTI MOHO FIRECODE® para humedad, hongos y fuego. Describe isométricos para muros y plafones corridos, incluyendo especificaciones como bastidores metá
The document discusses using Alice, a 3D programming environment, to teach introductory programming courses. It aims to motivate students to program, minimize frustration for new programmers, and improve problem solving skills. Common challenges in introductory courses include wide variation in student backgrounds, difficulty of the subject, and time spent on syntax. The author proposes using Alice initially for its visual nature before transitioning to Java, to make programming more accessible and enjoyable for new learners.
Microstructure Analysis of Inlet and Exhaust Valves used in LPG fueled Retrof...IJMER
Mechanically operated poppet valves are used, both as inlet and exhaust, for most conventional
automotive engines in passenger cars. These valves are subjected to high temperatures throughout their operating
cycle. A valve originally designed for a gasoline engine, when used for an LPG fueled retrofitted engine, goes
through considerable mechanical damage, corrosion, erosion, wear and tear. It also demonstrates significant
changes in its microstructure. This investigation focused on microstructure analysis and quantitative metallography
of such inlet and exhaust valves using Atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The surface morphology of the
valve material was studied and AFM measurements were used for quantitative characterization of the structure as
also to gain useful information about crystallographic orientation of individual grains, the formation of cracks,
identification of potential crack initiation and fracture sites, etc. A comparative evaluation of microstructure of worn
- out valves with new valves was also carried out.
Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Charge-Transfer Complexes Forme...IJMER
1) The document describes the formation and characterization of three charge-transfer complexes formed from the reaction of 2-amino-6-ethylpyridine with different π-electron acceptors.
2) Spectroscopic analysis revealed the complexes had formulas of [(2A6EPy)(TCNE)2], [(2A6EPy)2(DDQ)], and [(2A6EPy)4(TBCHD)], which were supported by elemental analysis.
3) The complexes showed intense absorption bands in the visible region associated with electronic transitions. Thermal and spectroscopic properties of the complexes were analyzed.
A Novel Approach To Answer Continuous Aggregation Queries Using Data Aggregat...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document introduces and studies properties of strongly wgrα-continuous and perfectly wgrα-continuous functions between topological spaces. It shows that if a function is perfectly wgrα-continuous, then it is also perfectly continuous and strongly wgrα-continuous. If a function is strongly wgrα-continuous and the codomain space is T_wgrα, then the function is also continuous. The composition of two perfectly wgrα-continuous functions is also perfectly wgrα-continuous. The document also introduces wgrα-compact and wgrα-connected spaces and studies some of their properties.
A Unique Approach for Data Hiding Using Audio SteganographyIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This document discusses the synthesis of nano materials using sputtering. It first provides background on nanomaterials and describes electron beam lithography and sputtering processes. The document then details an experiment where alumina and silica nano materials were synthesized. Electron beam lithography was used to create a pattern on a resist-coated wafer, which was then subjected to sputtering deposition of alumina and silica. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization revealed uniformly distributed 50nm cubes with good adhesive properties and low surface roughness.
Real and Reactive Power Compensation by using Diode Clamped Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a diode-clamped multilevel inverter based STATCOM to provide both real and reactive power compensation on a transmission line. A STATCOM is a shunt connected device that can regulate voltage and provide reactive power support. A diode-clamped multilevel inverter is proposed for the STATCOM due to its ability to generate stepped voltage waveforms with lower harmonic distortion compared to a two-level inverter. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that the multilevel inverter based STATCOM can effectively regulate the voltage and maintain stability of the load while supplying real and reactive power to the transmission line.
1. Static Synchronous Compensator (Statcom) is a member of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices that uses power electronics to control voltage and reactive power on AC transmission networks.
2. A Statcom consists of a voltage source converter with a DC capacitor that generates a voltage in phase or 180 degrees out of phase with the transmission line to inject or absorb reactive power.
3. Statcoms provide benefits like increasing transmission line loading capacity, improving power flow control and system stability, and dynamic reactive power compensation with response times less than 10 milliseconds.
Transient Stability Enhancement of Grid by Using Fuzzy Logic Based StatcomIOSR Journals
This document discusses enhancing transient stability of the power grid using a fuzzy logic controlled static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). A STATCOM regulates voltage by injecting or absorbing reactive power. It consists of a voltage source converter, control unit, and DC capacitor. The control unit uses fuzzy logic control, abc to dq transformation, phase locked loop, and regulators to control the STATCOM terminal voltage and maintain the grid voltage during transients. Simulations show the fuzzy logic controller provides faster response and is more robust than a PI controller. Detailed explanations are provided of the STATCOM components and control techniques.
IJERD(www.ijerd.com)International Journal of Engineering Research and Develop...IJERD Editor
1) The document describes modeling and simulation of a DSTATCOM (distribution static synchronous compensator) to improve power quality in a distribution system feeding both linear and non-linear loads.
2) A MATLAB/Simulink model of a DSTATCOM power circuit and control system is developed. Simulation results under different load conditions are presented to demonstrate the DSTATCOM's ability to provide power factor correction, harmonic compensation, and reactive power support.
3) Key findings include that the DSTATCOM can balance unbalanced loads, improve the source power factor to unity, and regulate voltages under transient conditions like load changes within one cycle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using a STATCOM under various loading conditions. It first provides background on power quality issues and defines STATCOM. It then describes the system topology which includes a wind energy generation system connected to the grid along with a STATCOM and battery energy storage system. Two control schemes for the STATCOM are proposed: Bang-Bang current control and fuzzy logic control. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented for various cases including balanced/unbalanced linear and non-linear loads, showing the STATCOM is able to mitigate power quality issues and regulate voltage.
Optimal Location of Statcom for Power Flow ControlIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Efficacy of Facts in Power Oscillation Damping and Renewable IntegrationIOSRJEEE
This document summarizes research on using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices to improve power oscillation damping and facilitate renewable energy integration. It discusses how power oscillations can lead to instability if not controlled and how FACTS devices like STATCOM and SVC can enhance stability. It presents simulations of the IEEE 14-bus system that demonstrate improved damping from these controllers. Eigenvalue analysis shows STATCOM shifts modes further into the stable region than SVC. Both STATCOM and SVC integration helps renewable sources by mitigating power quality issues to allow more distributed generation on the grid.
NEW STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIND FARM.sannuthi yaramapu
Now a days we are facing so many problems with power quality issues. So in order to mitigate these problems and to improve the power quality we are using new STATCOM control scheme in wind farm.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document presents a new control scheme for a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. A STATCOM equipped with a battery energy storage system is connected at the point of common coupling between the wind farm and the grid. The STATCOM control scheme uses a hysteresis current control technique to inject compensating current and regulate the grid voltage. Simulation results show the STATCOM can mitigate reactive power demand and harmonics, as well as respond quickly to changes in load to help regulate voltage and current waveforms at the point of connection to the grid.
STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) is a regulating device used on AC electricity networks to act as a source or sink of reactive power. It improves power quality and voltage stability. A STATCOM uses a voltage source converter to continuously control voltage and smoothly provide reactive power compensation. It responds faster than SVCs and provides better reactive power support at low voltages, making it superior for voltage stability applications.
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv systemEditorJST
This document summarizes a research paper on using a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) with an LCL passive filter to compensate for reactive power and improve power quality in a grid-interfaced photovoltaic (PV) system. The D-STATCOM injects current to mitigate voltage fluctuations. Simulation results show improvements in three-phase output voltage at the transmission and distribution levels as well as increased power generation from both the transmission system and PV system. In conclusion, the integration of FACTS devices like the D-STATCOM can help maintain desired power quality standards while reducing distortions and improving the power factor.
Simulation and Analysis of a D-STATCOM for Load Compensation and Power Facto...IJMER
Power Generation and Transmission is a complex process, requiring the working of many
components of the power system in tandem to maximize the output. One of the main components to form
a major part is the reactive power in the system. It is required to maintain the voltage to deliver the
active power through the lines. Loads like motor loads and other loads require reactive power for their
operation. To improve the performance of ac power systems, we need to manage this reactive power in
an efficient way and this is known as reactive power compensation. In developing countries like India,
where the variation of power frequency and many such other determinants of power quality are
themselves a serious question, it is very vital to take positive steps in this direction.
The work presented here illustrates a method to compensate for the load reactive power using a
DSTATCOM
A DSTATCOM injects a current into the system to provide for the reactive component of the load
current. The validity of proposed method and achievement of desired compensation are confirmed by
the results of the simulation in MATLAB/ Simulink.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This document presents a simulation study of a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve voltage stability in a distribution system. It first provides background on voltage dips and describes the structure of a STATCOM, which includes a voltage source inverter, transformer, and controller. The simulation model of the D-STATCOM and distribution network is developed using SimPowerSystems blocks. Simulation results show that without the D-STATCOM, voltage dips to 0.93 p.u. during a load change, but with the D-STATCOM the voltage is stabilized at 1.0 p.u., demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating power quality issues like voltage instability.
Control of Active And reactive power flow in transmission line and power Osci...AM Publications
the continuous demand in electric power system network has caused the system to be heavily loaded
leading to voltage instability. This paper describe the active approach to series line compensation, in which static
voltage sourced converter, is used to provide controllable series compensation. This compensator is called as Static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC). It injects the compensating voltage in phase quadrature with line current, it
can emulate as inductive or capacitive reactance so as to influence the power flow in the line. With DC power supply it
can also compensate the voltage drop across the resistive component of the line impedance. In addition, the series
reactive compensation can greatly increase the power oscillation damping.
Simulations have been done in MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine
power system. From the result we can investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive power as
well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode.
Reactive power management and voltage control by using statcomHussain Ali
This document summarizes the use of STATCOM devices for reactive power management and voltage control in transmission lines. It defines reactive power and explains the need for reactive power compensation. It then defines FACTS devices and specifically STATCOMs, describing their basic structure and principle of operation for generating and absorbing reactive power. The document discusses how STATCOMs can provide benefits like reactive power control, voltage regulation, and increased transmission capacity. It provides an example of a 500 MVAR STATCOM installed between Qatar and Bahrain for reactive power compensation and concludes that STATCOMs allow tighter voltage control and improved reliability compared to traditional capacitor banks.
Design modelling and Simulation of DSTATCOM for distribution lines for power ...CHRAMIREDDY2
This document discusses the design, modeling, and simulation of a DSTATCOM (distribution static synchronous compensator) to improve power quality on distribution lines. It presents a study on modeling a STATCOM used for reactive power compensation. A three-phase IGBT-based voltage source inverter known as a DSTATCOM is used for power factor correction, harmonic compensation, and providing reactive power to loads. A model of a DSTATCOM connected to a distribution system feeding linear and non-linear loads is developed in MATLAB to analyze system behavior under transient conditions. The performance of the DSTATCOM is investigated under various fault conditions.
The document discusses using a Static Compensator (STATCOM) connected to a point of common coupling along with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate power quality issues when injecting wind power into the electric grid. STATCOM regulates voltage by rapidly injecting or absorbing reactive power to stabilize the grid during fluctuations from wind power. BESS helps sustain real power by charging and discharging. Simulation results show the STATCOM maintains unity power factor at the source and compensates for nonlinear loads and reactive power demand, fulfilling power quality norms. Potential applications of STATCOM include voltage control and compensating large load variations.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
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Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
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1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-773-778 ISSN: 2249-6645
Enhancement of Power Quality in Thirty Bus System Using
ZSI Based STATCOM
N. Usha, 1 M.Vijaya Kumar2
1
Research scholar, JNTUA, Anantapur, A.P, INDIA,
2
Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, A.P, INDIA,
Abstract: This paper presents the modeling and simulation results of Z-Source Inverter based Static Compensator
(STATCOM).The thirty bus system with and without STATCOM are modeled and simulated using the MATLAB software.
The present work proposes Z-Source Inverter for the control of reactive power. Z-Source inverter would ensure a constant
DC voltage across the DC link during the process of voltage. The advantages of this system are reduced ripple, shoot through
capability and reduced heating. Voltages and reactive power at various buses of thirty bus distribution network, with and
without STATCOM are studied.
Key Words: FACTS, Power quality, Reactive power, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Z-Source Inverter (ZSI).
I. Introduction
Electrical power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipments. Distribution networks experience distinct change from a low to
high load level everyday. With restructuring of power system and shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed
generation, the issue of power quality problem is going to take newer dimensions. In developing countries like India, where
the variation of power frequency and many such other determinants of power quality are themselves a serious question, it is
very vital to take positive steps in this direction. The present work is to identify the prominent concern in this area and hence
the measures that can enhance the quality of power are recommended.
The introduction of FACTS has given the new direction to the power system to solve the power quality problems
[1]. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers are emerging for custom power applications [2].As an important
kind of FACTS devices, Static Var Compensator (SVC) is widely used in power system for shunt reactive compensation.
However using Thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) and Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) for reactive power generation,
the thyristor controlled SVC brings harmonics and possible harmonic resonance into system. The STATCOM is a shunt
connected reactive power compensation device that is capable of generating and /or absorbing reactive power. FACTS
devices are routinely employed in order to enhance the power transfer capability of the otherwise under-utilized parts of the
interconnected network[ 3,4].Out of all static FACT devices the STATCOM is the most effective device and has the
potential to be exceptionally reliable with the added capability to sustain reactive current at low voltage (constant current
not constant impedance), reduced land use , increased relocatability and voltage and frequency support capability(by
replacing capacitors with batteries as energy storage). Although currently being applied to regulate transmission voltage to
allow greater power flow in a voltage limited distribution network in the same manner as a SVC, the STATCOM has
further potential. By giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with a depressed voltage, the
STATCOM offers improved quality of supply.
II. Static Sychronous Compensator (STATCOM)
The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a voltage source inverter based FACTS controller and also
shunt connected reactive compensation equipment, which is capable of generating and /or absorbing reactive power. The
STATCOM provides operating characteristics similar to a rotating synchronous compensator without the mechanical inertia.
The STATCOM employ solid state power switching devices and provide rapid controllability of the three phase voltages,
both in magnitude and phase angle.
The STATCOM mainly consists of DC voltage source behind self-commutated voltage source inverter using
GTO/IGBT and coupling transformer with a leakage-reactance. The AC voltage difference across the leakage reactance
produces reactive power exchange between the STATCOM and the power system, such that the AC voltage at the bus bar
can be regulated to improve the voltage profile of the power system, which is the primary duty of the STATCOM. The basic
objective of a VSI is to produce a sinusoidal AC voltage with minimal harmonic distortion from a DC voltage.
The principle of STATCOM operation is as follows: The AC voltage difference across the leakage reactance makes
the power exchange between the STATCOM and the power system. The VSI voltage is compared with the AC bus voltage
system, when the AC bus voltage magnitude is above that of the VSI magnitude; the AC system sees the STATCOM as
inductance connected to its terminals. Otherwise if the VSI voltage magnitude is above that of the AC bus voltage
magnitude, the AC system sees the STATCOM as capacitance connected to its terminals. If both AC system and VSI
voltage magnitudes are equal, the reactive power exchange is zero. If the STATCOM has a DC source or energy storage
device on its DC side, it can supply real power to the power system. This can be achieved by adjusting the phase angle of the
STATCOM terminals and the phase angle of the AC power system. When phase angle of the AC power system leads the
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2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-773-778 ISSN: 2249-6645
VSI phase angle, the STATCOM absorbs the real power from the AC system, if the phase angle of the AC power system
lags the VSI phase angle, the STATCOM supplies real power to AC system.
The Voltage Source Converter or Inverter (VSC or VSI) is the building block of a STATCOM and other FACTS
devices. A very simple inverter produces a square voltage waveform as it switches the direct voltage source on and off. The
basic objective of a VSI is to produce a sinusoidal AC voltage with minimal harmonic distortion from a DC voltage.
In the last decade commercial availability of Gate Turn Off thyristor (GTO) devices with high power handling
capability, and the advancement of other types of power-semiconductor devices such as IGBT’s have led to the development
of controllable reactive power sources utilizing electronic switching converter technology. These technologies additionally
offer considerable advantage over the existing ones in terms of space reduction and performance. The GTO thyristor enable
the design of solid-state shunt reactive compensation equipment based upon switching converter technology.
This concept was used to create a flexible shunt reactive compensation device named static synchronous
compensator (STATCOM) due to similar operating characteristics to that of a synchronous compensator but without the
mechanical inertia. Single-line diagram of STATCOM is shown in Fig1.
System Bus VAC
VSC
Fig.1 Single-line diagram of a STATCOM.
The advent of Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTS) is giving rise to a new family of power electronics
equipment emerging for controlling and optimizing the performance of power system, e.g. STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC.
The use of voltage source inverter (VSI) has been widely accepted as the next generation of the reactive power controllers of
the power system to replace the conventional VAR compensator, Such as the thyristor-switched capacitors (TSC) and
thyristor controlled reactors (TCR).
III. Impedance Source Inverter (ZSI)
The main circuit of configuration of the Z-Source Inverter with load is shown in Fig2. Z-Source Inverter circuit
consists of a diode rectifier, DC link circuit, and an inverter bridge. The differences are that the DC link circuit is
implemented by the Z-Source network (c1, c2, L1, and L2) and small input capacitors (ca, cb, and cc)are connected to the diode
rectifier. Since Z-Source Inverter bridge can boost the DC capacitor (c1, and c2) voltage to any value above the DC value of
the rectifier, a desired output voltage is always obtainable regardless of line voltage. Using the 230V load system as an
example ,the DC capacitor voltage can be boosted to 350V or greater in order to produce 230 V AC output regardless of
the line voltage.Theoritically ,the DC capacitor voltage can be boosted to any value above the inherent DC voltage(310-
325V for a 230-V line) of the rectifier ,by using the shoot through zero switching states. When a higher voltage is needed or
during voltage sags. The capacitor voltage is, however, limited by the device voltage rating in practical use.
New type of STATCOM using dynamic phasor is given by Hannan[5], Modeling and simulation of distribution
STATCOM is dealt by Giroux[6].solution to power quality problem is given by Mineski[7].Analysis and implementation of
thyristor based STATCOM is given by [8]&[9].Compensation of voltage sag is given by Haque[10] .Harmonics study and
comparison of ZSI with traditional Inverters is given by Justus[11] and maximum boost control of Z-source is given by
Peng and Shen in [12]&[13].Z-source inverter for adjustable speed drives is given by Peng[14].ZSI and Push-pull inverter
based STATCOM given by Usha [15]&[16].
The authors are unaware of any literature dealing STATCOM using Z-Source Inverter based STATCOM for thirty
bus distribution system. This work compares reactive power in thirty bus system at various buses with and without ZSI based
STATCOM.
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www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-773-778 ISSN: 2249-6645
Fig.2 Main circuit configuration of Z-Source Inverter
IV. Simulation Results
A thirty bus system is considered for simulation studies. The circuit model of thirty bus system without STATCOM
is shown in Fig3a. The thirty bus system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Each line is represented by
series impedance model. The shunt capacitance of the line is neglected. The voltage and reactive power at buses 11 and 25
are shown in Fig3b, 3c, 3d and Fig3e respectively.
Fig3a 30 bus system without STATCOM
Fig 3b Voltage at bus 11
Fig3c Reactive power in bus 11
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Fig3d Voltage at bus 25
Fig3e Reactive power in bus 25
The buses 11 and 25 are identified as weak buses and STATCOMs are connected at these buses. The circuit model
of thirty bus system with STATCOMs is shown in Fig4a. The voltage and reactive power at buses 11 and 25 are shown in
Fig4b, 4c, 4d and Fig 4e respectively. The summary of reactive power in various buses is given in Table1.It can be seen that
the reactive power increases in the buses near the STATCOMs. The increase in reactive power is due to increase in the
voltage of the nearby buses. The reactive power in various buses is given in Fig4f. Hence ZSI based STATCOM gives best
performance.
Fig4a 30 bus system with STATCOMs
Fig4b Voltage at bus 11
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5. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-773-778 ISSN: 2249-6645
Fig4c Reactive power in bus 11
Fig 4d Voltage at bus 25
Fig 4e Reactive power in bus 25
Table-1: Summary of Reactive power with and without STATCOMs in various buses
Bus no Reactive power without STATCOM Reactive power with STATCOM
MVAR MVAR
Bus-4 0.67 0.68
Bus-5 1.08 1.099
Bus-11 0.783 1.02
Bus-17 1.54 1.58
Bus-19 0.718 0.73
Bus-22 0.539 0.58
Bus-25 0.974 1.16
Bus-27 0.686 0.742
Bus-30 0.896 0.899
BUS NO VS Q
2
REACTIVE POWER
1.5 Reactive power
1 without STATCOM
0.5 MVAR
0 Reactive power with
0 2 4 6 8 10 STATCOM MVAR
BUS NO
Fig 4f Reactive power in various buses
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V. Conclusion
This work has explored the possibility of using Z-Source Inverter based STATCOM system. The thirty bus system
is modeled and simulated using MATLAB software and results are presented. The simulation results of Thirty bus system
with and without STATCOMs are presented. Simulation studies were done using single phase model of balanced three phase
system. It is found that the bus voltages near the STATCOMs are improved and hence the reactive power. Overall power
quality can be improved by using more STATCOMs at the load buses. The simulation results are in line with the predictions.
This system has improved reliability and power quality. The scope for future work is simulation can also be done using
PSCAD or PSIM. The simulation studies can be extended to 64-bus and 128-bus systems. Testing can also be done on
extremely large real time power systems and also the laboratory model for STATCOM can be done using Micro-controller
or DSP processor.
References
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
N.Usha has obtained her B. Tech degree from S.V.University and M.Tech degree from JNTU, Anantapur.
She has 13 years of teaching experience. She has published three research papers at International level. She is
presently a research scholar at JNTUA, Anantapur, A.P. She is working in the area of STATCOM.
Prof. M.Vijaya Kumar has obtained his B.Tech from S.V.University and M.Tech from NIT, Warangal and
PhD from JNTU, Hyderabad. He has 21years of teaching experience. He has published 45 research papers at
national and International level. His research area is power quality improvement in power systems.
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