The document summarizes various ultrasound findings related to the kidneys and bladder. It describes normal anatomy and a variety of pathological conditions that can be identified by ultrasound including kidney cysts, tumors, infections, stones and structural abnormalities of the kidneys and bladder. For each finding, an ultrasound image is presented along with a brief description.

1. Dr.BAHRİ YILDIZ BÖBREK ULTRASONOGRAFİSİ ÜZERİNE SEMİNERLER

2. Lectures on Diagnostic Ürosonography drbahriyildiz

4. The left kidney is also normal in size and demonstrates extensive, curvilinear parenchymal calcification with posterior shadowing in the region of the medulla.

6. The right kidney is normal in size, but exhibits increased echogenicity of the medullary pyramids. No obvious acoustic shadowing is noted from the echogenic foci

7. A cystic structure is seen in the upper pole of the right kidney. It contains highly echogenic material that shows posterior shadowing. The rest of the kidney and the visualized liver appear normal.

8. Normal Kidneys.The right kidney has been scanned from an antero lateral approach through the liver. There is good differentiation of the renal capsule, cortex, medulla, and renal sinus complex. The longitudinal plane.

9. The transverse plane.

11. The infant kidney,showing the hyperechoic cortex, large pyramids, and lack of renal sinus fat,which is typical of the infant kidney

12. Ureteric orifices.

13. An atomic diagram of the renal arteries and veins.

14. Upper ureter.

15. Lower ureter

16. The normal bladder

17. Normal bladder

18. The bladder base is well demonstrated transrectally.

19. Doktor bu nedir bu ?

20. Hypertrophied column of Bertin. (adamlar radyoizotop görünteleme ile bu tanıyı doğrulamışlar peki nedir bertin Hatırlayan varmı ?

22. Echogenic renalsinus fat. Some areas of the renalsinus fat are hyperechoic and cast shadows. Calculi cast denser shadows, but differentiation may be difficult on ultrasound alone.

23. Small end-stage kidney

25. Hypoechoic renal cell carcinoma

26. Oncocytoma. A typically smooth hypoechoic tumor is shown

27. Renal cell carcinoma. This tumor shows a mixed, predominantly hyper echoic pattern

28. Angiomyolipoma

29. Angiomyolipoma confirmed by ct

30. Small angiomyolipoma. Small angiomyolipmas are often of an even,high echo density

31. Ve şimdi buna taş diyeceksiniz öyle mi?

32. Renal cell carcinoma with calcification. Dense hyperechoic areas of calcification are seen with in the tumor.

33. Renal lymphoma.A large hypoechoic tumor deposit is seen in

34. Infiltrated kidney(lymphoma). The kidney is enlarged and the internal architecture is destroyed.

35. Wilms’ tumor. The tumor is of a mixed echo density, well circumscribed, with a hypoechoic rim of compressed renal tissue

36. Renal cell carcinoma.

37. Malignant rhabdoid tumor.

38. Multiple angiomyolipomas

39. Nephroblastomatosis. Hypoechoic areas are seen displacing the renal sinus complex

40. Simple cortical cyst.

41. Parapelvic cyst

42. Hydatid cyst. The cyst is typically multiloculated, with echogenic daughter cysts

43. Renalmalakoplakia. Multiple hypoechoic areas are seen in an enlarged kidney.

44. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The kidney is enlarged and full of cysts of varying sizes

45. Complicated autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hemorrhage into cysts is shown

46. Complicated autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (A and B) Hemorrhage into cysts is shown

47. Acquired cystic disease (dialysis cysts). In this end stage kidney, small cysts are seen near the periphery

48. Glomerulocystic disease. The kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts of varying size.

49. Medullary sponge kidney. In this 9-year-old patient, increased echo density is seen in the medullary pyramids from multiple small cysts

50. Juvenil enephronophthisis. Several cysts are visible at the cortico medullary junction

51. Duplex kidney

52. Acute tubularnecrosis. There is renal enlargement and marked enlargement of the medullary pyramids

53. Cortical scarring

54. Global scarring.There is thinning of the whole cortex,resulting in reduction of renal size

55. Renal parenchymal disease. Type 1increase in cortical echodensity. The cortex is hyperechoic; the medullary pyramids are normal but appear prominent because of the cortical changes

56. increase in renal echo density. Both cortex and medulla are hyper echoic so that the medullary pyramids are not seen as separate structures.

58. Nephrocalcinosis.Early nephrocalcinosis causes an echo dense rim around the pyramids.

59. Focal pyelonephritis (lobar nephronia

60. Focal nephronia may progress, as in this case, to arenal abscess

61. Oxalosis. The kidney is typically hyperechoic in this condition

62. Nephrocalcinosis.In this infant

63. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter

64. Hydro nephrosis and hydro ureter

65. Papillary necrosis

66. Uroepithelial thickening. The thickened uroepithelium, in this case caused by an infection with Candida albicans, is seen in the slightly dilated renal pelvis.

67. Uroepithelial tumor

68. A tumor in a nondistended system

69. Perinephric abscess.

70. Megaureter. The ureter is so tortuous that it appears as multiple cyst like structures as it crosses the ultrasound plane

71. Uroepithelial tumors. Tumor is shown in the dilated renal pelvis (A) and at the pelviureteric junction

72. Eseri ortada kendisi ?

73. Ureterocele.Typical balloon-like dilatations are seen projecting into the bladder

74. Schizosomiasis.The typical bladder wall thickening is shown in this patient who presented with renal failure and bilateral hydronephros is caused by ureteric strictures

75. A thick-walled bladder

76. Tuberculosis. The bladder is thick walled and of small volume. The patient felt that the bladder was full at the time of this scan

77. Bladder tumor

78. A small polypoidal tumor with a narrow base is shown.

79. A massive tumor involving most of the bladder is seen.

80. Rhabdomyosarcoma. A large tumor is seen at the bladder base of this 12-year-old boy

81. Fungal infection

82. Typical fungal balls are seen in the bladder

83. Another case with fungal balls in the renal collecting system.

84. Bladder diverticulum

85. Calculus in a diverticulum

86. Su testisine benzeyen hilkat garibesi?

87. Tumor in a diverticulum. The lesion shown is tumor surrounded by blood clot.

88. Mullerian duct cyst. A large cyst is seen posterior to the bladder, with no communication with the bladder.

89. ?

90. Pyuria. A fluid filled level is seen caused by layered pus

91. Residual bladder volume measurement