Prosper Meniere first accurately described Meniere's disease in the 19th century. He identified the site of lesion as the labyrinth. Since then, little has been added to the understanding of the disorder. The exact etiology is unknown, but theories include genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities, trauma, viral infection, allergy, and autoimmunity. The pathophysiology involves endolymphatic hydrops due to impaired absorption or excessive secretion of endolymphatic fluid leading to distention of the membranous labyrinth, starting in the cochlear duct and saccule. Dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac may also contribute by reducing fluid absorption capacity.
Discussing what is temperature. How to calibrate a thermometer. Liquid in glass thermometers. Calibrate a liquid-in-glass thermometer using two fixed points. Characteristics of a quality/ good thermometer.
Congenital lesions of larynx and evaluation of stridorDr Krishna Koirala
1) Congenital lesions of the larynx and trachea are common causes of stridor in infants under 3 years old, with laryngomalacia being the most frequent cause.
2) Evaluation of stridor involves obtaining a history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests like laryngoscopy to identify the specific anatomical abnormality and determine if it is acquired or congenital in nature.
3) Treatment depends on the diagnosis but may include watchful waiting, prone positioning, gastroesophageal reflux management, tracheostomy, or surgical procedures like epiglottoplasty or laryngeal reconstruction.
Lasers in otolaryngology is an important topic for both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students. Dr Krishna Koirala has explained this in details in this lecture.
Zirconia exhibits oxygen ion conductivity at high temperatures. When porous platinum electrodes are attached to both sides of heated zirconia and different oxygen concentration gases contact each side, an oxygen concentration cell is created. This generates an electromotive force between the electrodes according to Nernst's equation. Limitations include inability to measure flammable or corrosive gases and sensor degradation over time.
This document discusses temperature measurement and various instruments used for measuring temperature. It describes that temperature is the mean kinetic energy of molecules and is the driving force causing heat transfer. Common temperature measurement instruments include thermometers, pyrometers, and instruments that measure changes in physical properties like pressure, electrical resistance, and radiation intensity with temperature. Liquid-in-glass and bimetallic thermometers are described as examples of instruments that measure changes in physical dimensions with temperature.
Prosper Meniere first accurately described Meniere's disease in the 19th century. He identified the site of lesion as the labyrinth. Since then, little has been added to the understanding of the disorder. The exact etiology is unknown, but theories include genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities, trauma, viral infection, allergy, and autoimmunity. The pathophysiology involves endolymphatic hydrops due to impaired absorption or excessive secretion of endolymphatic fluid leading to distention of the membranous labyrinth, starting in the cochlear duct and saccule. Dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac may also contribute by reducing fluid absorption capacity.
Discussing what is temperature. How to calibrate a thermometer. Liquid in glass thermometers. Calibrate a liquid-in-glass thermometer using two fixed points. Characteristics of a quality/ good thermometer.
Congenital lesions of larynx and evaluation of stridorDr Krishna Koirala
1) Congenital lesions of the larynx and trachea are common causes of stridor in infants under 3 years old, with laryngomalacia being the most frequent cause.
2) Evaluation of stridor involves obtaining a history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests like laryngoscopy to identify the specific anatomical abnormality and determine if it is acquired or congenital in nature.
3) Treatment depends on the diagnosis but may include watchful waiting, prone positioning, gastroesophageal reflux management, tracheostomy, or surgical procedures like epiglottoplasty or laryngeal reconstruction.
Lasers in otolaryngology is an important topic for both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students. Dr Krishna Koirala has explained this in details in this lecture.
Zirconia exhibits oxygen ion conductivity at high temperatures. When porous platinum electrodes are attached to both sides of heated zirconia and different oxygen concentration gases contact each side, an oxygen concentration cell is created. This generates an electromotive force between the electrodes according to Nernst's equation. Limitations include inability to measure flammable or corrosive gases and sensor degradation over time.
This document discusses temperature measurement and various instruments used for measuring temperature. It describes that temperature is the mean kinetic energy of molecules and is the driving force causing heat transfer. Common temperature measurement instruments include thermometers, pyrometers, and instruments that measure changes in physical properties like pressure, electrical resistance, and radiation intensity with temperature. Liquid-in-glass and bimetallic thermometers are described as examples of instruments that measure changes in physical dimensions with temperature.
KADIN HASTALIKLARI VE DOĞUM KLİNİĞİNDE YATAN GEBELER İLE DİĞER HASTALARIN HBsAg ve AntiHCV SEROPOZİTİFLİK ORANLARI VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİYLE İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
KADIN HASTALIKLARI VE DOĞUM KLİNİĞİNDE YATAN GEBELER İLE DİĞER HASTALARIN HBsAg ve AntiHCV SEROPOZİTİFLİK ORANLARI VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİYLE İLİŞKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ