The document describes various ultrasound images of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding structures. It shows normal anatomy as well as various pathological conditions including cysts, tumors, infections, kidney stones, and other abnormalities. Multiple images are presented and described to demonstrate different diseases and conditions that can be identified on ultrasound.

1. Lectures on Diagnostic Ürosonography Uzm.Dr. BAHRİ YILDIZ Uzm.Dr.M.EROL YAYLA

3. The left kidney is also normal in size and demonstrates extensive, curvilinear parenchymal calcification with posterior shadowing in the region of the medulla.

5. The right kidney is normal in size, but exhibits increased echogenicity of the medullary pyramids. No obvious acoustic shadowing is noted from the echogenic foci

6. A cystic structure is seen in the upper pole of the right kidney. It contains highly echogenic material that shows posterior shadowing. The rest of the kidney and the visualized liver appear normal.

7. Normal Kidneys.The right kidney has been scanned from an antero lateral approach through the liver. There is good differentiation of the renal capsule, cortex, medulla, and renal sinus complex. The longitudinal plane.

8. The transverse plane.

10. The infant kidney,showing the hyperechoic cortex, large pyramids, and lack of renal sinus fat,which is typical of the infant kidney

11. Ureteric orifices.

12. An atomic diagram of the renal arteries and veins.

13. Upper ureter.

14. Lower ureter

15. The normal bladder

16. Normal bladder

17. The bladder base is well demonstrated transrectally.

18. Doktor bu nedir bu ?

19. Hypertrophied column of Bertin. (adamlar radyoizotop görünteleme ile bu tanıyı doğrulamışlar peki nedir bertin Hatırlayan varmı ?

21. Echogenic renalsinus fat. Some areas of the renalsinus fat are hyperechoic and cast shadows. Calculi cast denser shadows, but differentiation may be difficult on ultrasound alone.

22. Small end-stage kidney

24. Hypoechoic renal cell carcinoma

25. Oncocytoma. A typically smooth hypoechoic tumor is shown

26. Renal cell carcinoma. This tumor shows a mixed, predominantly hyper echoic pattern

27. Angiomyolipoma

28. Angiomyolipoma confirmed by ct

29. Small angiomyolipoma. Small angiomyolipmas are often of an even,high echo density

30. Ve şimdi buna taş diyeceksiniz öyle mi?

31. Renal cell carcinoma with calcification. Dense hyperechoic areas of calcification are seen with in the tumor.

32. Renal lymphoma.A large hypoechoic tumor deposit is seen in

33. Infiltrated kidney(lymphoma). The kidney is enlarged and the internal architecture is destroyed.

34. Wilms’ tumor. The tumor is of a mixed echo density, well circumscribed, with a hypoechoic rim of compressed renal tissue

35. Renal cell carcinoma.

36. Malignant rhabdoid tumor.

37. Multiple angiomyolipomas

38. Nephroblastomatosis. Hypoechoic areas are seen displacing the renal sinus complex

39. Simple cortical cyst.

40. Parapelvic cyst

41. Hydatid cyst. The cyst is typically multiloculated, with echogenic daughter cysts

42. Renalmalakoplakia. Multiple hypoechoic areas are seen in an enlarged kidney.

43. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The kidney is enlarged and full of cysts of varying sizes

44. Complicated autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hemorrhage into cysts is shown

45. Complicated autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (A and B) Hemorrhage into cysts is shown

46. Acquired cystic disease (dialysis cysts). In this end stage kidney, small cysts are seen near the periphery

47. Glomerulocystic disease. The kidneys are enlarged with multiple cysts of varying size.

48. Medullary sponge kidney. In this 9-year-old patient, increased echo density is seen in the medullary pyramids from multiple small cysts

49. Juvenil enephronophthisis. Several cysts are visible at the cortico medullary junction

50. Duplex kidney

51. Acute tubularnecrosis. There is renal enlargement and marked enlargement of the medullary pyramids

52. Cortical scarring

53. Global scarring.There is thinning of the whole cortex,resulting in reduction of renal size

54. Renal parenchymal disease. Type 1increase in cortical echodensity. The cortex is hyperechoic; the medullary pyramids are normal but appear prominent because of the cortical changes

55. increase in renal echo density. Both cortex and medulla are hyper echoic so that the medullary pyramids are not seen as separate structures.

57. Nephrocalcinosis.Early nephrocalcinosis causes an echo dense rim around the pyramids.

58. Focal pyelonephritis (lobar nephronia

59. Focal nephronia may progress, as in this case, to arenal abscess

60. Oxalosis. The kidney is typically hyperechoic in this condition

61. Nephrocalcinosis.In this infant

62. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter

63. Hydro nephrosis and hydro ureter

64. Papillary necrosis

65. Uroepithelial thickening. The thickened uroepithelium, in this case caused by an infection with Candida albicans, is seen in the slightly dilated renal pelvis.

66. Uroepithelial tumor

67. A tumor in a nondistended system

68. Perinephric abscess.

69. Megaureter. The ureter is so tortuous that it appears as multiple cyst like structures as it crosses the ultrasound plane

70. Uroepithelial tumors. Tumor is shown in the dilated renal pelvis (A) and at the pelviureteric junction

71. Eseri ortada kendisi ?

72. Ureterocele.Typical balloon-like dilatations are seen projecting into the bladder

73. Schizosomiasis.The typical bladder wall thickening is shown in this patient who presented with renal failure and bilateral hydronephros is caused by ureteric strictures

74. A thick-walled bladder

75. Tuberculosis. The bladder is thick walled and of small volume. The patient felt that the bladder was full at the time of this scan

76. Bladder tumor

77. A small polypoidal tumor with a narrow base is shown.

78. A massive tumor involving most of the bladder is seen.

79. Rhabdomyosarcoma. A large tumor is seen at the bladder base of this 12-year-old boy

80. Fungal infection

81. Typical fungal balls are seen in the bladder

82. Another case with fungal balls in the renal collecting system.

83. Bladder diverticulum

84. Calculus in a diverticulum

85. Su testisine benzeyen hilkat garibesi?

86. Tumor in a diverticulum. The lesion shown is tumor surrounded by blood clot.

87. Mullerian duct cyst. A large cyst is seen posterior to the bladder, with no communication with the bladder.

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89. Pyuria. A fluid filled level is seen caused by layered pus

90. Residual bladder volume measurement