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SOCCER: Training for Goalkeeper

The document provides information on training, physical characteristics, and performance of soccer goalkeepers. It discusses the metabolic and anthropometric profiles of goalkeepers, including data on age, height, mass, body fat percentage, and results from various physical and motor tests. It also outlines the technical, tactical, physical, and psychological aspects of goalkeeper training, including drills, exercises, and critical game situations. Injuries common among goalkeepers are also mentioned.

Sports◦
SOCCER: Training for Goalkeeper Adriano Vretaros Strength and Conditioning Coach São Paulo – BRAZIL avretaros@gmail.com
Soccer: Metabolic Profile of the Goalkeeper ¨ High intensity activity (defenses, outings of the goal or releases) is short and the time between one and another is long enough for recovery. Therefore, the profile of the goalkeeper work rate means more Power in Anaerobic Alactic, resulting in a small depletion of ATP-CP ¨ (Gallo et alii, 2010)
Anthropometric Characteristics of Eurocope 2000 Goalkeepers (Andujar & Toro, 2002) GK AGE HEIGHT MASS GK AGE HEIGHT MASS Kahan 31 1,88 88 Molina 30 1,83 80 Stelea 33 1,82 81 Cãnizares 31 1,81 78 Baia 31 1,66 80 Olsen 33 1,88 86 Seaman 37 1,88 87 Kraf 27 1,97 90 De Wilde 36 1,81 78 Dabanovic 29 1,96 94 Hedman 27 1,94 92 Van der Sar 27 1,97 83 Toldo 29 1,96 90 Barthez 27 1,83 75 Espinha 35 1,80 76 Lama 37 1,83 75 Srnicek 32 1,89 92 Martyn 34 1,85 84 Rustu 27 1,86 78 Schmeichel 37 1,94 99
Female Goalkeepers Soccer Profile in the Preseason Anthropometric Characteristics AGE MASS HEIGHT %FAT 20,33 63,13 166 13,18 sd 5,69 sd 4,71 sd 3,06 sd 1,68 Metabolic Characteristics VO2max Anaerobic Threshold Power Alactic HRmax 42,69 11,16 21,04 189.46 sd 6,19 sd 0,97 sd 0,77 sd 2,39 Neuromotor Characteristics Reaction Velocity Power(JT) Agility(SRT) Abdominal 25,20 34,3 10,92 64,00 Sd 7,66 sd 5,77 sd 0,51 sd 19,08 (Oliveira, 2004)
Somatotype: Goalkeepers from Brazil ● n=67 male players – aged: 15-17 years ● Goalkeepers: higher and more heavier than Defenders(p=0,015 and p=0,001), Midfielders(p=0,005 and p<0,001) and Attackers(p=0,024 and p<0,001) ● Somatotype Goalkeepers: Balanced Mesomorph (Fidelix et alii, 2014)
Goalkeeper: Analysis of Motor Actions ● 12 games ● 93 actions – jumpsfallsdefenses ● 95 outings goal (intersectionsconfrontationsadvances) ● 267 ball replacements (passes, launches) ● TOTAL: 455 motor actions ● Average per game: ● 7,8 jumps, falls, defenses ● 7,9 outings goal ● 22,3 replacements ● 37,9 general actions taken (Gallo et alii, 2010)
Soccer: Physical Tests of the Goalkeeper ● Arms force-power test ● Abdominal muscle strength-power test ● Squat Jump (SJ) ● Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) ● Standing Broad Jump ● Drop Jump (DJ) ● Lateral Jump ● Abalakov Test ● Tapping-test with arms (Flores, 2015 ; Lockie et alii, 2014)
Soccer: Capacities Conditioning of the Goalkeeper ● STRENGTH (elastic-explosive, explosive-elastic reflex, explosive active force, endurance, power) ● ENDURANCE (ATP-CP, Aerobic) ● SPEED (Reaction, Motion, Displacement, Endurance) ● AGILITY (Reactive) ● FLEXIBILITY (Mobility and Elasticity)
Soccer: Coordinative Capacities of Goalkeeper ● Eye-hand coordination ● Eye-foot coordination ● Laterality ● Space-time organization ● Acrobatics (spins, jumps, diving, falls) ● Equilibrium (dynamic, static and recovered) ● Precision ● Hand-arm stability ● Selection-field image ● Periferic Vision
Types of training for soccer goalkeepers ● Technical Training ● Physical Training ● Technical and Physical Training ● Technical and Tactical Training ● Technical-tactical-physical Training
Tactical Training Soccer Goalkeeper ● Defense ● In Attack ● With Ball ● Without Ball ● At set pieces
Goalkeeper: Critical Game Situations ● Coming off the line ● Goal-line clearance ● One-on-one ● Diving (Villemain & Hauw, 2014)
Types of Reaction Time (RT) ● Simple RT ● RT complex ● RT of discrimination ● RT values: differences between optical and acoustic ● Visual (optics) – medium: 0,150 – 0,200s (individuals trained) ● Acoustic – medium: 0,130 – 160s ● RT: reflects the information processing time required for a given response ● PERFORMANCE: the smaller the greater the efficiency of the RT and central mechanisms processes (Santos, 1993)
Events Analytical Reaction Time ● Emergence of signal (visual or acoustic) ● Appearance of an excitement in the receiver ● Perception of a stimulus into the enviroment ● Excitement of a sensory receptor ● Interpretation and stimulus processing in the central nervous system ● Passage of the stimulus into the nerve terminal ● Arrival of the stimulus into the nerve terminal ● Change in the electrical stimulation in chemical ● Stimulus conducting member to an effector ● Excitement of the effector member (muscle fiber) ● Triggering of motor responses (Rodrigues da Silva, 2010)
Relevant Aspects in Learning the Reaction Time of the Goalkeepers PERCEPTUAL COMPLEXITY ● Analyzing stimuli numbers ● Speed and duration of the stimuli ● Intensity and persistence of stimuli COMPLEXITY LEVEL DECISION MAKING ● Number of possible decisions ● Alternatives for each decision ● Time than is available to response (Poch, 2008)
Reaction Time Training Methods ● Situational Probabilities ● Perceptual Anticipation ● Variability ● Contextual Interference
Factors that Affect the Goalkeeper´s Reaction Time ● Number of signals ● Number of responses ● Concentration ● Warming ● Training ● Age ● Fatigue ● Lesion
Goalkeepers: Reaction and Action Speed ● Reaction and action speed (RAS) ● Gks with different expertise levels ● The RAS single test performance was higher in older (U-19) compared with in younger (U-14) players(p<0,001) and they also showed better results in the RAS complex tests (p=0,000) ● RAS test provided a reliable and valid method of assessing specific defensive agility in a group of youth soccer goalkeepers ● Design specific training task (Knoop et alii, 2013)
Training for the Goalkeeper Significant Learning ● Seek and investigate different solutions with the problems that arise in the game ● Perform technical-tactical gestures in similar situations to the real game ● Perform technical-tactical gestures to be effective against a particular problem ● Increase baggage motor experiences ● Train all unpredictable situations TASKS ● Static Goals ● Dynamic Goals ● Opponents Circumstantial ● Attackers Conditioned (Andujar, 2003)
Analysis of Professional Soccer Goalkeepers Movements ● n=10 Gks from Italian C-D divisions ● Lateral (rightleft) changes of direction in GK-C was 48% lower and forward changes of action 53% greater compared to GK-D ● Average distance, frontal and lateral covered in GK-C was 27% and 58% greater than in GK-D ● Velocity of first meter of forward and lateral actions for GK-C was 57% greater and 43% lower than GK-D ● TOTAL covered distance (considering all actions) was 60% greater for GK-C compared GK-D (Padulo et alii, 2014)
Opinion Goalkeepers on Factors that may Help Stop a Penalty ● 25 Goalkeepers – First Division (Spain) ● Age 18-25 years ● 44% consider physical condition most important aspect ● 36% consider specific training FLEXIBILITY LUCK DOUBTS IN THE HANDS INCREASE IN RECOVERY TRAINING PENALTY (Pastor et alii, 2013)
Goalkeeper: Talent Identification and Selection Process ● n=64 ● 9-10 years ● Gks were taller and heavier and higher % fat ● Gks presented worse performance in physical tests ● Gks were older and taller, had a higher predicted height and avanced maturity and performance better in the handgrip and jump tests (p<0,005) (Gil et alii, 2014)
Functional Training for Football Goalkeepers ● Importance of FT for goalkeepers ● Muscle x Movement ● Core ● Methodology ● How periodize
Injuries in Football Goalkeepers ● INJURIES: Muscle, Tendon, Stress Fracture, Fractures ● Type and Location: Lumbar Spine Cervical Spine Maxillofacial Fractures Dental Trauma Hand Fracture Tibia and Fibula Fractures Biceps Brachii Partial Rupture Hip Injuries Foot Injuries