This document contains slides about basics of information technology. It discusses key concepts like data and information, components of a computer like input devices, output devices, CPU, and memory. It describes common input devices like keyboard, mouse, and scanners. Output devices discussed include monitors, printers, and speakers. The CPU is described as having a control unit, arithmetic logical unit, and memory unit. Different types of computer networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN are defined. Popular IT careers and trends like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are also mentioned.

1. INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
C L A S S X I
H S C
Information Practices (XI) - slides by Aditi Bhushan 1

2. CHAPTER 1
B A S I C S O F I N F O R M AT I O N
T E C H N O L O G Y
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3. BASIC CONCEPTS
• Data can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts.
• Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in
some significant way.
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4. BASIC CONCEPTS
Q.What is a computer and its functional unit (draw block diagram)?
• Ans.:A computer is an electronic device that processes input data and produces result
(output) according to program.
Q.What is Program?
• Ans:A Program is Set of Instructions for a computer
Functional Unit of Computer:
• Input Devices, Output Devices,
• Primary Memory, Secondary Memory
• CPU, CU,ALU
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5. Computer receives
information
Information processing
Result Display
Stores data or information
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6. I N P U T D E V I C E S
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
TOUCH SCREENS
TABLETS
SCANNERS
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KEYBOARD

7. KEYBOARD
❑With a key press, a specific signal is transmitted to the computer.
❑The keyboard uses a crossbar network to identify every key.
❑When a key is pressed, an electrical contact is formed.
❑These electric signals are transmitted to a microcontroller in a coded form to the computer
describing the character which corresponds to that key.
❑The computer identifies the keys with help of ASCII, BCD, ISCII and Unicode
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8. MOUSE
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9. MOUSE
❑It is a pointing device.
❑functions by detecting 2D motion relative
to its supporting surface
❑By default, the mouse is configured to
work for the right hand.
❑For left-handed, the settings can be
changed to suit your needs.
❑The mouse's motion translates into the
motion of a cursor on a display, which
allows for fine control of a Graphical User
Interface (GUI).
❑three parts: the buttons, the handling area,
and the rolling object.
❑Laptops are equipped with a small flat
surface as a mouse.
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10. OTHER INPUT DEVICES
❑ Light Pen : Light Sensitive stylus/pen
attached to a monitor to select monitor
options. Eg: IPAD
❑ Touch Screen: Eg: KIOSK
❑ GraphicTablets: To enter digital
signatures.
❑ JOYSTICKS: Eg:Video Games, used
for translation of angles into directions.
❑ Microphone
❑ Optical Character Reader (OCR)
❑ Scanner
❑ Smart Card Reader
1. Memory Card –> Non-Volatile,
Security Storage
2. Microprocessor Card ->Volatile,
made of PVC or Plastics
❑ BAR CODE READER
❑ BIO METRIC SENSORS
❑ WEB CAMERAS
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11. OUTPUT DEVICES
❑ MONITOR orVDU (CRT, LCD,
PLASMA)
❑ SPEAKERS
❑ Plotters -> Graphics printings
❑ PRINTERS
➢ Dot-Matrix Printers
1. prints characters by striking an ink
soaked ribbon against the paper
2. Used to print carbon copies
➢ InkJet/ DeskJet/ BubbleJet Printers
1. low cost printers
2. use a controlled stream of ink for printing
➢ Laser Printers
1. laser technology.
2. These are very fast printers
3. used for high quality prints.
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12. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
• IT HASTHREE SECTIONS
1. CONTROL UNIT
2. ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT
3. MEMORY UNIT
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13. CONTROL UNIT
❑ It directs the sequence of operation.
❑ Interpretation of programs
❑ Executes program instructions
❑ The Control unit coordinates and controls the data flow in and out of CPU and also
❑ Controls all the operations of ALU, memory registers and also input/output units.
❑ It is also responsible for carrying out all the instructions stored in the program.
❑ It decodes the fetched instruction, interprets (understands) it and sends control signals to
input/output devices until the required operation is done properly by ALU and memory.
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14. ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT (ALU)
❑The ALU, as its name suggests performs
mathematical calculations and takes logical decisions.
❑Arithmetic calculations include addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
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15. MEMORY UNIT
Memory
Unit
PRIMARY MEMORY (Main Mem)
[INTERNAL MEMORY]
ROM (Read Only Mem), non-
volatile memory, stores
information from manufacturer
RAM (Random Access Mem) –
volatile memory, hold
active data and
information
SECONDARY MEMORY (Aux. Mem)
[EXTERNAL MEMORY]
Pen-Drive, FD, CD, DVD, HDD, SDD, USB,
FLASH MEMORY
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16. UNITS OF MEMORY
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17. Information Practices (XI) - slides by Aditi Bhushan 17

18. SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES
❑Data is stored for future reference and retrieval.
❑The Date are not stored inside the main memory but auxiliary memory or secondary memory.
❑Examples:
❑ Hard Disk : Storing capacity ranges from 1 GB to 1 TB.
❑ Floppy Disk :A disk of thin, flexible magnetic material enclosed in a cover.
❑ Compact Disk:Thin optical disk. Standard CD is in thickness 120mm and 700 MB.
❑ MagneticTape
❑ DVD (DigitalVersatile Disk or DigitalVideo Disk) : Capacity ranges from 4.7 GB to 8.5 GB.
❑ USB
❑ Memory Cards
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19. TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWRORKS
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20. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
• LAN connects groups of computers and low-voltage devices together
across short distances (within a building or between a group of two
or three buildings in close proximity to each other) to share
information and resources.
• Used mostly by Enterprises, Schools, Colleges, Organizations, Shopping
Malls etc.
• Using routers, LANs can connect to wide area networks (WAN) to rapidly
and safely transfer data.
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21. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
[MAN]
• These types of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than
WANs.
• They incorporate elements from both types of networks.
• MANs span an entire geographic area (typically a town or city,
but sometimes a campus).
• Ownership and maintenance is handled by either a single
person or company (a local council, a large company, etc.).
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22. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
• Slightly more complex than a LAN, a WAN connects computers together across longer
physical distances.
• This allows computers and low-voltage devices to be remotely connected to each
other over one large network to communicate even when they’re miles apart.
• The Internet is the most basic example of a WAN, connecting all computers together
around the world.
• Because of a WAN’s vast reach, it is typically owned and maintained by multiple
administrators or the public.
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23. POPULAR IT ENABLED SERVICE
CENTERS :
Popular IT Enabled Service centres are –
• Call Centres
• Electronic Publishing
• MedicalTranscription
• Data Centres
• GIS Mapping (Geographic Information System)
• ERP ( Enterprise Resource Planning )
• Knowledge Management & archiving.
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24. CARRERS IN IT
• WEB DEVELOPER
• WEB DESIGNER
• SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
• DATABASE MANAGER
• ACCOUNTANT
• FINANCIAL ADVISOR
• DATA ANALYST
• CYBER EXPERT
• AUDIO EDITOR
• VIDEO EDITOR
• GAME DEVELOPER
• ANIMATOR
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25. TRENDS IN IT
• GREEN COMPUTING
• INTERNET OFTHINGS
• CLOUD COMPUTING
• ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• MACHINE LEARNING
• BLOCK CHAIN
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