The document defines a computer as a programmable machine that can execute a prerecorded list of instructions. It describes the four main functions of a computer as input, output, processing, and storage. It also provides details on common input components like keyboards and mice, output components like monitors and speakers, storage components like hard drives and USB drives, and processing components like the CPU and motherboard. The document discusses types of computers and provides labeled diagrams of a computer's back panel and motherboard.

1. THE COMPUTER
By: Patricia Laine A. Penados

2. DEFINITION
• A computer is a programmable machine. It responds to a
specific set of instruction in a well-defined manner and it can
execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

3. FOUR FUNCTIONS OF
A COMPUTER
• Input
• Transferring of information into the system. This may be through a user input device - i.e.
keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.. Or though previously loaded software/program, cd etc.
• Output
• Output is the exact opposite of input. Output is the function that allows a computer to
display information, from the system, for the user. This can be accomplished through the
monitor (or other graphical display), printer, speakers etc.
• Processing
• This is where the computer actually does the 'work' - manipulating and controlling data
over the entire system.
• Storage
• Most computers are able to store data both temporarily (in order to process), but also
long-term (i.e., permanently). Storage takes place on hard-drives or external storage
devices.

4. INPUT COMPONENTS
input device is a (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an
information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.
“KEYBOARD” “SCANNER”
“MOUSE” “WEBCAM”
• is a typewriter-style device which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys to act as a
mechanical lever or electronic switch.
• is a pointing device (hand control) that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface.
• is a device that optically scans images, printed text,
handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital
image
• is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in
real time to or through a computer to a computer
network.

5. OUTPUT COMPONENTS
• is a handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a GUI and can move and select text, icons, files,
and folders.
“HEADPHONES” “SPEAKER”
“PROJECTOR”
.
• Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are
speakers sold for use with computers, although usually
capable of other audio uses, e.g. for an MP3 player.
• is an output device which displays the information in
pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the display
device, circuitry, casing, and power supply.
“Monitor”
• are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers that are
designed to be worn on or around the head over a
user's ears.
• is an optical device that projects an image (or moving
images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.

6. STORAGE COMPONENTS
• CD-ROM (shown right) is an optical disc which
contains audio or software data whose memory is
read only.
• USB is a portable storage device.
• A hard disk drive (sometimes
abbreviated as Hard drive, HD, or HDD)
is a non-volatile memory hardware
device that permanently stores and
retrieves data on a computer.
• optical disc or solid state drive that plugs into
the computer typically via USB, although
eSATA and FireWire are also used.

7. PROCESSING COMPONENTS
• CPU is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries
out the instructions of a computer program by performing the
basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output operations
specified by the instructions
• A graphics processing unit (GPU), occasionally called visual
processing unit (VPU), is a specialized electronic circuit
designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to
accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended
for output to a display device.
• A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a network hardware
device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to
encode digital information for transmission and demodulates
signals to decode the transmitted information
• a printed circuit board containing the principal components
a computer or other device, with connectors for other circuit
boards to be slotted into.
Motherboard

8. TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• are computers used primarily by large organizations for
critical applications, bulk data processing, such as census,
industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning,
and transaction processing.
• is a class of smaller computers that developed in the mid-
1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size
computers from IBM and its direct competitors.
• A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of
computing performance compared to a general-purpose
computer.
• A computer case, also known as a computer chassis, tower,
system unit, cabinet, base unit, or simply case, is the
enclosure that contains most of the components of a
computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and
mouse).
Mini computer Tower
Supercomputer Mainframe

9. • a portable computer, usually battery-powered, small enough
to rest on the user's lap and having a screen that closes over
the keyboard like a lid.
Laptop
server
• is a computer that provides data to other computers. It
may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN)
or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.
personal computer
• is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size,
capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
desktop
• is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single
location on or near a desk or table due to its size and
power requirements.

10. MAJOR COMPONENTS AND COMPUTER
• The main memory of the computer is
also known as RAM, standing for
Random Access Memory.
• Secondary memory is where program
and data are kept on a long-term basis
• an input device is a (piece of computer
hardware equipment) used to provide
data and control signals to an
information processing system such as a
computer or information appliance.
• An output device is any device
used to send data from a computer
to another device or user.
• A processor, or "microprocessor,"
is a small chip that resides in
computers and other electronic
devices.

11. P.C BACK PANEL LABELED
Power supply fan
Network port
Keyboard port
Mouse port
Audio jack
Power cable plug
Case fan
Internal modem port
Parallel port

12. MOTHERBOARD LABELED
3rd generation intel core
processor support
D-Sub port
HDMI port
HD audio
mSATA connector
Cross FireX support Japanese solid caps
Dual channel DDR3
Onboard USB 3.o connectors
SATA3 6Gbps