Basics of design & graphics

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
BJMC
Basics of Design & Graphics 24107
Visuals
Submitted by- Shweta R. Bakshi

Visual Communication
• Visual communication is the communication of ideas
through the visual display of information. Primarily
associated with two dimensional images, it includes:
art, signs, photography, typography, drawing
fundamentals,
• color and electronic resources. Recent research in the
field has focused on web design and graphically
• oriented usability. It is part of what a graphic designer
does to communicate visually with the audience.

Visual Communication
• Communication by presenting information in a visual form. There exist a
variety of ways to present information visually, like gestures, body
languages, video, and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation of text,
pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display.
The term visual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of
information.
• Design is communication of concepts and ideas.
• Good design simultaneously challenges and fulfills expectations.
• The visual arts are a class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, film,
photography, and others, that focuson the creation of works which are
primarily visual in nature.

Common types of visual art
• Collage : Collage (From the French, coller, to stick) is regarded as a work of visual
arts made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. This
technique made its first appearance in the early 20th century as a groundbreaking
novelty, however with the passing of time it’s become ubiquitous. For example, an
artistic collage work may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or
hand-made papers, photographs, etc., glued to a solid support or canvas.
• Comics : Comics (or, less commonly, sequential art) is a form of visual art
consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of
speech balloons or image captions. Originally used to illustrate caricatures and to
entertain through the use of amusing and trivial stories, it has by now evolved into
a literary medium with many subgenres. The most common forms of printed
comics are comic strips (most commonly four panels long) in newspapers and
magazines, and longer comic stories in comic books, graphic novels and comic
albums. In the first two forms the comics are secondary material usually confined
to the entertainment sections, while the latter consist either entirely or primarily
of comics.

Conceptual Art
• Conceptual art, sometimes called idea art, is art in which the concept(s)
or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic
and material concerns. In some cases, Conceptual art may not entail any
art object per se, but instead manifest solely as documentary evidence for
an “art idea”. In other, less extreme cases, Conceptual art may involve the
construction of images and objects in a manner that frees the artist from
their traditional role as a maker of aesthetic decisions. To give an example,
many of the works of the artist Sol Lewitt may be constructed by anyone
simply by following a set of written instructions.[1] This method was
fundamental to Lewitt’s definition of Conceptual art, the first to appear in
print: In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect
of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all
of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a
perfunctory affair. The idea becomes a machine that makes the art.

Common types of visual art
• Crafts : A craft is a skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to
a trade or particular art. Crafts as artistic practices are defined either by
their relationship to functional or utilitarian products, such as sculptural
forms in the vessel tradition, or by their use of such natural media as
wood, clay, glass, textiles, and metal. Folk art follows craft traditions, in
contrast to fine art or high art. Craft or craft work is also a general term
given to activity by people in a cover or an occult group.
• Decorative art : The decorative arts are traditionally defined as
ornamental and functional works in ceramic, wood, glass, metal, or
textile. The field includes ceramics, furniture, furnishings, interior design,
and architecture. The decorative arts are often categorized in opposition
to the “fine arts”, namely, painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale
sculpture. Some distinguish between decorative and fine art based on
functionality, intended purpose, importance, status as a unique creation,
orsingle-artist production.

Decollage
• Décollage, in art, is the opposite of collage; instead of an image being built up of
all or parts of existing images, it is created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise
removing, pieces of an original image. Examples include inimage or etrécissements
and excavations. The French word “décollage” translates into English literally as
“take-off” or “to become unstuck.” The term is now commonly used in the French
language in regard to aviation (as when an airplane lifts off the ground). A similar
technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been placed over
another or others, and the top poster or posters have been ripped, revealing to a
greater or lesser degree the poster or posters underneath. Although artist Mark
Kostabi claims that “Mimmo Rotella invented the technique of using torn posters
to make art in the early 1950s”[1], examples of the genre done without any
surrealist or artistic intent predate this, as do Raymond Hains’. The lacerated
poster was an artistic intervention that soughtto critique the newly emerged
advertising technique of large-scale colour advertisements. In effect, the decollage
destroys the advertisement, but leaves its remnants on view for the public to
contemplate.The lacerated poster became an artform as early as 1949.

Design
• Design : Design, usually considered in the context of the applied arts,
engineering, architecture, and other such creative endeavours, is used as
both a noun and a verb. “Design” as a verb refers to the process of
originating and developing a plan for a new object (machine, building,
product, etc.). As a noun, “design” is used both for the final plan or
proposal (a drawing, model, or other description), or the result of
implementing that plan or proposal (the object produced). Designing
normally requires considering aesthetic, functional, and many other
aspects of an object, which usually requires considerable research,
thought, modeling, iterative adjustment, and re-design. Design as a
process can take many forms depending on the object being designed and
the individual or individuals participating. In philosophy, the abstract noun
“design” refers to pattern, or to purpose/purposefulness (or teleology).
Design is thus contrasted with purposelessness, randomness, or lack of
complexity.

Design
• Drawing : Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools
and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure
from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen
and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers.
Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques
used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling,
stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or
draughtsman.
• Film : Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well
as—in metonymy—the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact
that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium
for recording and displaying motion pictures.Many other terms exist — motion pictures
(or just pictures or “picture”), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows,
flicks — and commonly movies. Films are produced by recording actual people and
objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or

Design
• special effects. They comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are
shown rapidly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between
frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains
a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of
relevance is what causes the perception of motion; a psychological effect identified as beta
movement. Film is considered by many to be an important art form; films entertain, educate,
enlighten and inspire audiences. The visual elements of cinema need no translation, giving
the motion picture a universal power of communication. Any film can become a worldwide
attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn,
affect them.
• Graffiti : Graffiti is the application of media by humans on publicly viewable surfaces. One
definition is that it is “a drawing or writing scratched on a wall or other surface; a scribbling
on an ancient wall, as those at Pompeii and Rome.” ( “Graffito”. Oxford English Dictionary 2.
(2006). Oxford University Press.). When done without the property owner’s consent it is
vandalism. Some countries require theowner’s consent before public organisations can
prosecute such vandalism.

Design
• Illustration : An Illustration is a visualisation such as drawing, painting, photograph or
other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to
elucidate or decorate a story, poem or piece of textual information (such as a
newspaper article), traditionally by providing a visual representation of something
described in the text.
• Installation art : Installation art is art that uses sculptural materials and other media
to modify the way we experience a particular space. Installation art is not necessarily
confined to gallery spaces and can refer to any material intervention in everyday public
or private spaces. Installation art incorporates almost any media to create a visceral
and/or conceptual experience in a particular environment. Materials used in
contemporary installation art range from everyday and natural materials to new media
such as video, sound, performance, computers and the internet. Some installations are
site-specific in that they are designed to only exist in the space for which they were
created.

Design
• Mail art : Mail art is art which uses the postal system as a medium. The term “mail
art” can refer to an individual message, the medium through which it is sent, and an art
movement. Mail artists typically exchange ephemera in the form of illustrated letters;
zines; rubberstamped, decorated, or illustrated envelopes; artist trading cards;
postcards; artistamps; faux postage; mail-interviews; naked mail; and three-
dimensional objects.
• Mixed media : Mixed media, in visual art, refers to an artwork in the making of which
more than one medium has been employed. When creating a painted or drawn work
using mixed media it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow enough
drying time between the layers to insure the final work will have integrity. If many
different media are used it is equally important to choose a sturdy foundation upon
which the different layers are imposed. An old rule good to remember is “Fat over
lean.” In other words, don’t start with oil paints. Plan to make them the final layer.

Basics of design & graphics

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