The document provides information on first aid and basic life support. It begins with defining first aid as the initial care given to someone who is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available. The three main aims of first aid are to preserve life, prevent worsening of conditions, and promote recovery. It then covers patient assessment using DR ABCDE, which stands for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure. The document explains how to provide CPR and place someone in the recovery position. It emphasizes the importance of calling emergency services as soon as possible when treating someone.
This PowerPoint by the American Heart Association covers the standard procedures for CPR, First Aid and AED responses. It has been shared by Atlantic Training, a leading provider of EHS workplace safety training in DVD and digital formats. They have over 170 training topics in different content formats for your learning management system (LMS).
Visit: Atlantictraining.com/wave or call (800) 975-7640.
This PowerPoint by the American Heart Association covers the standard procedures for CPR, First Aid and AED responses. It has been shared by Atlantic Training, a leading provider of EHS workplace safety training in DVD and digital formats. They have over 170 training topics in different content formats for your learning management system (LMS).
Visit: Atlantictraining.com/wave or call (800) 975-7640.
What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate care you give someone with an illness or injury before such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives. Giving First Aid may help someone recover more completely and quickly and it may mean the difference between life and death.
You’ll learn:
How to provide CPR.
How to provide first aid for burn (Elect. & Chemical).
How to provide first aid for broken bones.
How to treat for cut and scrapes.
How to provide first aid for severe bleeding injury.
Download more free first aid PowerPoint presentations here: https://www.firstaidpowerpoint.org
Free Online First Aid Course: https://www.firstaidforfree.com
What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate care you give someone with an illness or injury before such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives. Giving First Aid may help someone recover more completely and quickly and it may mean the difference between life and death.
You’ll learn:
How to provide CPR.
How to provide first aid for burn (Elect. & Chemical).
How to provide first aid for broken bones.
How to treat for cut and scrapes.
How to provide first aid for severe bleeding injury.
Download more free first aid PowerPoint presentations here: https://www.firstaidpowerpoint.org
Free Online First Aid Course: https://www.firstaidforfree.com
This Basic Life Support (BLS) Manual is designed to teach, satisfy & save lives! It’s designed to be easily read and comprehensive throughout—for medical professionals and workplace employees. This Manual is presented by NationalCPRFoundation.com
In this Manual you’ll find comprehensive materials relating to Blood borne Pathogens, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Fibrillation & First-Aid. You’ll learn necessary steps for saving lives and necessary tools for aiding all persons who’re in need of help!
We’d love to hear you thoughts so email us at NationalCPRFoundation@gmail.com or visit our website at NationalCPRFoundation.com
For CPR / First-Aid / Bloodborne Pathogens & Basic Life Support (BLS) Certification visit our website at NationalCPRFoundation.com.
Basic First Aid - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)John Furst
Download more free first aid PowerPoint presentations here: https://www.firstaidpowerpoint.org
Free Online First Aid Course: https://www.firstaidforfree.com
Use of First Aid Kit for emergency critical situation.pptxDr. Gourav Kumar
I hope that the content of my ppt will be very good for all of you in which ppt subject is sterilization techniques in which we have described how to treat emergency patient with the help of first aid kit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. 1
Tutor : Benjamin Hawthorne
DipHE, EMT-R
Introduction to First Aid &
Basic Life Support
2. JOHN FURST
FIRSTAIDPOWERPOINT.ORG
2
Recommended Book
From minor cuts and burns, to heart attacks
and strokes, this handy, take-anywhere guide
gives you the knowledge and advice you need
to recognize and respond to any medical
emergency.
Be prepared for any medical emergency and handle it
safely and efficiently with The Complete First Aid Pocket
Guide. Quickly identify signs and symptoms of a wide
range of medical conditions and learn how to recognize the
difference between a minor injury or illness, and those that
are more serious with this essential handbook.
3. “Help given to a sick or injured
person until full medical
treatment is available”
“…provision of initial care for an
illness or injury”
The Definition of First Aid
4. Broadly, there are three main aims when
administering first aid:
– Preserve life
– Prevent worsening of the condition (if
possible)
– Promote recovery
The Aims of First Aid
5. Preserve life
This includes:
• Maintaining or supporting a person’s airway
• Checking for signs of breathing (and assisting with breathing in certain
cases)1
• Monitoring and maintaining circulation.
1 Covid19 guideline mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
7. Promote Recovery
This Includes:
• Reassuring an individual
• Relieving pain
• Handling someone with care
• Protecting the individual from further harm
8. A first aider has various roles and responsibilities.
They should:
• Manage the incident and ensure the continuing safety of themselves, bystanders and the patient
• Assess victims and find out the nature & the cause of their injuries
• Arrange for further medical help or other emergency services to attend
• If trained, prioritize casualties based upon medical need
• Provide appropriate first aid treatment as trained
• If able, make notes/observations of casualties
• Fill out any paperwork as required
• Provide a handover when further medical help arrives
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
9. In many first aid situations, help from the emergency services will be required.
Ensure you know the best emergency service number to use.
United Kingdom: 999
United States: 911
European Union: 112
Other countries: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emergency_telephone_numbers
Calling for Emergency Help
10. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Calling for Emergency Help
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
• Give clear, precise information about
–The exact location of the incident and any
access problems
–The number of casualties / people involved
–The nature of their injuries
–The age of the victims
–Any hazards at the incident (e.g.: spilt fuel,
fire, electricity)
• If the area is remote or difficult to access,
consider sending someone to meet the
emergency services.
• Factor in Covid19 Status
11. Incident Management
Always conduct a risk assessment before rushing into any situation. Look for any potential hazards
to yourself, bystanders or the patient (e.g.: moving traffic, fire & smoke, electricity). Never put
yourself or other bystanders in danger.
Remember, YOU are the most important person
If the incident is too dangerous to approach, stay back and await the arrival of the emergency
services.
12. Incident Management
Think about the photo on the next slide (either individually or in groups)
Take a few minutes to discuss:
1) How would you manage this incident?
2) What dangers are present or could be present?
3) What should your first action be?
14. Incident Management
Potential hazards in this situation:
• Moving vehicles
• Oil or fuel spillage
• Broken glass
• Undeployed airbags
• Risk of fire or explosion
15. Infection Control
Various diseases can be transmitted via blood and body fluids (for example HIV and Hepatitis B &
C) If possible, always wear disposable gloves when dealing with bodily fluids.
HOWEVER: This is not always practical! In an emergency situation you can improvise and use
anything to create a barrier. e.g.: a plastic carrier bag
Ensure any cuts/open injuries to your hands are covered with waterproof plasters or dressings.
Wash your hands with soap and running warm water whenever possible
18. 18
Patient assessment
If you find someone collapsed, you can use
DR ABCDE to help you remember what
actions to take.
● Danger
● Response
● Airway
● Breathing
● Circulation
● Disability
● Exposure
19. 19
Danger
Ensure there are no dangers to yourself, other bystanders or the patient
Ask yourself - why has the patient collapsed? Are there any hazards? Am I at risk?
Dangers could include moving vehicles, electricity, water, other people or smoke/fire
Only enter a situation if it is safe to do so. Remember, you are the most important person.
20. 20
Response
Try and wake the victim up - are they responding to you?
Kneel by their head, shout loudly in both ears and tap them on the shoulders.
If you do not get a response, the patient is unconscious. This is an emergency.
Try and attract attention to yourself/the patient by shouting for help. However, do not leave the
patient.
21. • A – Alert – will talk but may be drowsy.
• V – Responds to Voice – responds to simple commands, e.g., ‘open your eyes’ or may respond to
simple questions.
• P – Responds to Pain – will react (e.g., make a noise) to a pinch on the back of the hand.
• U – Unresponsive – there is no response at all.
Levels of consciousness
22. The airway is the tube which takes air from the mouth/nose to the lungs. When a patient is
unconscious, their tongue can fall backwards and block their airway. This can cause an obstruction
and the victim will quickly suffocate.
To open an unconscious patient’s airway, place one hand on their forehead and tilt their
head backwards.
Then place two fingers on the bony part of their chin and lift it.
This is known as the “head tilt, chin lift” maneuver.
22
Airway
24. 24
Breathing 1
Keep your hands on the person’s head/chin. Place your cheek above their mouth and look at their
chest.
Look, listen and feel for normal, regular breathing for up to 10 seconds.
Irregular shallow gasps are not normal breathing. This is a phenomenon known as ‘agonal
breathing’ and should be ignored. Patients who have just suffered a cardiac arrest may display
agonal breathing.
1 Covid19 guidelines mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
25. 25
Circulation:
Firstly, Feel for a pulse, you can check:
• The Neck ( Carotid Pulse)
• The Wrist (Radial Pulse)
• The Chest ( Heartbeat)
Also Look at the Fingers and Lips are they blue?
Press and hold the skin on the chest with an index
finger for 5 seconds and count how long it takes for
the pressure mark to fade. Anything more than 2
seconds is abnormal!
If you really can not find a pulse or any evidence of
circulation you must immediately start CPR!
Delegate to someone if you can, ringing an
ambulance! you must seek professional help!
26. 26
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid technique to help people who suffer a “cardiac
arrest” (their heart stops beating).
It involves doing chest compressions and rescue breaths1 to keep the patient alive until a
defibrillator arrives.
A defibrillator is an electrical device which can be used to help restart someone’s heart.
CPR on its own is unlikely to restart someone’s heart, however it will increase the chance of a
defibrillator being successful.
1 Covid19 guidelines mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
27. 27
Commence CPR
While an ambulance is being called, you should
immediately commence CPR
1. First, you should give 30 chest compressions
2. Place your hands in the centre of the person’s
chest, over the breastbone (sternum)
3. Interlock your fingers
4. Push down 30 times at a rate of 100 - 120
compressions / minute
If it helps sing the well-Known children's Song :
Baby Shark
28. 28
CPR: Chest Compressions
Ensure your elbows are locked and your shoulders positioned above the chest.
Push down to a depth of 5 – 6cm
Ensure you release fully after each compression. Do not ‘lean’ on the victim’s chest.
29.
30. CPR: Rescue Breaths
If you have been trained in CPR and are willing to, give two rescue breaths after every thirty chest
compressions.
Tilt the patient’s head backwards, life their chin and then pinch their nose
Make a seal over their mouth and breath in for approximately one second. Do not over-inflate the
patient’s chest – you are not blowing up a balloon!
1 Covid19 guidelines mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
31. • Continue the cycle of 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths until help arrives.
• If there is more than one first aider, swap over doing chest compressions every two
minutes.
• If a defibrillator arrives it should be used immediately.
CPR
1 Covid19 guidelines mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
32. For Children:
It can be more beneficial to give five initial breaths followed by cycles of
30:2 compressions and breaths.
For Babies and small infants – use your index and middle finger to
press down to a third of the chest capacity.
For small children – use one hand for compressions, again to a third of
the child's chest capacity
For a larger child – Use two hands like in adult CPR.
Use your own judgement based on the size and weight of a child.
1 Covid19 guideline mean assisting with breathing is optional if covid19 is suspected
33. You only continue to do this part of the
assessment if your patient has a heartbeat and is
breathing.
34. Disability:
If your patient has someone with them or are known to you, this part of the assessment is
easier, if not you may need to try to investigate to find out what factors may have caused the
Individual to Collapse?
It could be:
Diabetes? - Is their blood sugar low or high?
Suffering from anaphylaxis? - have they been exposed to something that causes an allergic
reaction?
Asthmatic issues? - do they need their inhaler or respiratory medication?
Have they had a head trauma? Are you aware of a stroke or head injury?
Have they had a heart attack? - do they have a known heart condition or are on blood
thinning medication?
Have they consumed alcohol?
Have they taken drugs?
35. Exposure :
Once you have exhausted all the above reasons for a collapse, you must begin to visually inspect the
patient.
•Have they got a wound that may be bleeding?
•Are they feeling hot or cold?
•Are there any obvious visual issues that may cause a loss of consciousness?
There are multiple reasons why someone can become unconscious and it is important to have a little
knowledge to that can buy precious time to preserve lives, If you cannot resolve something with a simple
solution you should place the patient into the recovery position and continue to observe for
deterioration until help has arrived.
You must always be ready to give CPR as an individual's health may decline rapidly and unexpectedly.
35
36. What is the Recovery Position?
The recovery position is a safe position for patients who are unconscious. The recovery position
helps to protect the victim’s airway. For this reason, the recovery position is also known as the Safe
Airway Position (SAP).
The recovery position should be used when the patient is unconscious but breathing normally.
If the patient is not breathing normally then CPR should be commenced immediately.
37. The Recovery Position
1. Kneel by the victim’s waist
2. Place the hand nearest you at right angles
3. Grasp the hand furthest to you, place the
back of their hand against their cheek closest
to you
4. Lift the leg furthest away from you at the
knee and place their foot on the floor
5. Using their knee as a lever, pull the person
onto their side
6. Ensure their head is still tilted back and they
are on their side
38. The Recovery Position
Once the person is in the recovery position call for emergency medical help if this has not
been done already!
Recheck the patient’s airway and breathing every few minutes until the ambulance arrives.
If they stop breathing, immediately inform emergency medical services and commence
CPR.
Keep the patient warm and dry if you can until medical help arrives.
40. • Inform next of kin, if possible and if they are not present.
• Always complete a detailed report which should include:
– Details of the incident
– Location of the incident
– Date and time of the incident
– Who was involved
– What was done
– Who was notified
As soon as possible: