Basic introduction of seismology and Earthquake occurrence and causes. type of wave generated during an earthquake, Earthquake measuring instrument and methods to calculate intensity and magnitude.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Earthquake
1.Interior of earth
2.Convection currents cause the movement of plates
3.Tectonic Plate
4.Why do earthquakes occur?
5.Where do earthquakes occur.
6.Definitions
7.Seismic waves: forms
8.Measuring earthquakes
9.Classification of earthquake
10.Locating the shaking
11.Earthquake risk and prediction
12.Short-term predictions
13.Impacts of Earthquake Prediction
REVIEW OF RECENT EARTHQUAKES IN THE LIGHT OF PLATE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC RISK...Johana Sharmin
This slide represents the knowledge of tectonic plates related problems and massive earthquakes affecting our lives. Here also I accumulated the relationship between geomorphological and plate tectonic aspects in Bangladesh.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Earthquake
1.Interior of earth
2.Convection currents cause the movement of plates
3.Tectonic Plate
4.Why do earthquakes occur?
5.Where do earthquakes occur.
6.Definitions
7.Seismic waves: forms
8.Measuring earthquakes
9.Classification of earthquake
10.Locating the shaking
11.Earthquake risk and prediction
12.Short-term predictions
13.Impacts of Earthquake Prediction
REVIEW OF RECENT EARTHQUAKES IN THE LIGHT OF PLATE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC RISK...Johana Sharmin
This slide represents the knowledge of tectonic plates related problems and massive earthquakes affecting our lives. Here also I accumulated the relationship between geomorphological and plate tectonic aspects in Bangladesh.
An earthquake is a violent and abrupt shaking of the ground, caused by movement between tectonic plates along a fault line in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can result in the ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches, fires and tsunamis.
How do you describe an earthquake?
A large earthquake far away will feel like a gentle bump followed several seconds later by stronger rolling shaking that may feel like sharp shaking for a little while. A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly.
Civil Engineering
Earth Quake Data
Earth Layers
Plate Tectonics
Seismic Waves
Effects of Earthquake
Epicenter of Earthquake
Damages by Earthquake
This slide is prepared by me under guidance of my teacher Nirmal Kafle for general understanding about Earthquake and Seismicity. I am very thankful to my teacher and friends. I hope this slide may help you to understand about to understand something about Earthquake.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. What is Earthquake
An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
Or
An Earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of accumulated energy in
elastically strained rocks.
Fault: A fracture in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust
Epicenter: The point at the surface of the Earth above the focus
Plates: Massive rocks that make up the outer layer of the Earth’s surface and whose movement along
faults triggers earthquakes
Seismic waves: Waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake
Focus (Hypocenter): The point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 2
4. A number of smaller size earthquake take place before and after a big earthquake.
Foreshocks :
Those occurring before the big one are called foreshocks.
Aftershocks :
Smaller size earthquakes occurring after the main shocks are called aftershocks.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 4
6. Body Wave: p wave and S wave
•Primary waves are the fastest body waves (twice the speed of s-waves) and are the first to reach during an
earthquake. S waves can not pass through liquid.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 6
7. Surface Wave: Rayleigh waves and Love waves
All surface waves travel slower than body waves and Rayleigh waves are slower than Love waves.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 7
10. SEISMOGRAPH
• The energy released during the earthquake travels as waves.
• Device used to measure an earthquake is called ‘seismograph’. The seismograph has
three main devices, the Richter Magnitude Scale, the Modified Mercalli Intensity
Scale, and the Moment Magnitude (MW) Scale.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 10
24. Seismology
Seismology is the branch of Geophysics concerned with the study and analysis of Earthquakes
and the science of energy propagation through the Earth’s crust.
The first such earthquake measuring instrument called Di-Dong-Di was invented by Cheng
Heng (132 A.D.).
Device used to measure an earthquake is called ‘seismograph’.
The seismograph has three main devices, the Richter Magnitude Scale, the Modified Mercalli
Intensity Scale, and the Moment Magnitude Scale.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 24
28. Seismographic stations around the world function together to:
• Determine the location of earthquake
• Determine the strength of the earthquake
Earthquakes usually occur at some depth below the ground surface.
Earthquake are described as:
– Shallow: less than 70 km depth
– Intermediate: 70 - 300 km depth
– Deep: 300 - 700 km depth
90% of earthquake focus are less than 100 km deep
Large earthquakes are mostly at < 60 km depth
No earthquakes occur deeper than 700 km
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 28
29. Magnitude and Intensity of an Earthquake
Intensity
• How strong earthquake feels to observer.
• Qualitative assessment of the kinds of damage done by
an earthquake.
• Depends on distance to earthquake & strength of
earthquake.
• Determined from the intensity of shaking and damage
from the earthquake.
• Expressed using modified Mercalli scale.
Magnitude
• Related to energy release.
• Quantitative measurement of the amount of
energy released by an earthquake.
• Depends on the size of the fault that breaks.
• Determined from seismic records.
• Expressed on various magnitude scales like
Richter scale.
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 29
33. Magnitude of Earthquake
Magnitude of an earthquake is the measure of energy released during an
earthquake.
Some of the common magnitude scales are:
– ML - Local (Richter) magnitude
– MW - Seismic Moment magnitude
– MS - Surface wave magnitude
– mb- Body wave magnitude
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 33
34. MW - Seismic Moment magnitude
MW= log10A + 1.66 log10 Δ +2.0
A = Maximum ground displacement in micrometers
Δ= Distance of seismograph from the epicenter, in degrees.
ML - Local (Richter) magnitude
ML= log10A(mm) +3 log10[8Δt (sec)]-2.93
Here A is the amplitude, in millimeters
The S-P time, in seconds, makes Δt.
mb- Body wave magnitude
mb = log10A – log10T +0.01Δ + 5.9
A = Amplitude of P-waves in micrometers
T = period of P-wave
Δ = Distance of seismograph from the epicenter, in degrees.
MW - Seismic Moment magnitude
Moment Magnitude, Mw = 2/3 [log10M0(dyne-cm) –16]
Moment Magnitude, Mw = - 6.0 + 0.67 log10M0(N.m)
M0= DAμ
where D is the average fault displacement in m,
A is the total area of the fault surface in m2, and
μ is the shear modulus of material along the fault plane in N/m2 (=
3x1010 N/m2
for surface crust and 7x1012 N/m2 for mantle)
M0 is measured (Note: 1 dyne-cm = 1 × 10–7 newton-meter)
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 34
36. S-P (S minus P) time formula:
D=
𝑉𝑃𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑃−𝑉𝑠
(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑝) T=
𝐷
𝑉
Ts > Tp
Vp > Vs
Ts=
𝐷
𝑉𝑠
Tp=
𝐷
𝑉𝑝
S-P Time difference
Ts-Tp=
𝐷
𝑉𝑠
−
𝐷
𝑉𝑝
(Ts-Tp)=D(
𝑉𝑝−𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑝𝑉𝑠
)
Where
Vp= velocity of p wave
Vs= velocity of s wave
Tp= time period of p wave
Ts= time period of s wave
PAVAN KUMAR MEENA 36