The document discusses basic English grammar, including parts of speech, phrases, clauses, sentence structures, and common grammatical errors. It defines nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and other parts of speech. It also explains the different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures such as simple, compound, and complex sentences. Finally, it provides examples of common grammatical errors like run-on sentences, fragments, subject-verb agreement issues, and incorrect punctuation.

1. Basic english Grammar
Material from British Council/yale writing center/esl
sentence structure

2. Part of speech
•Each word has a part of speech
• Noun - summary, proposal
• Pronoun - it, he, she
• Verb - summarize, propose, agree

3. Part of speech
•Adjective - suitable, proper
• Adverb - thoroughly, appropriately
• Preposition - over, on, under
• Conjunction- and, or, nor
• Interjection - well, oh

4. phrase
• Group of words
• student committee
Noun phrase - both of my friends, the
• Verb phrase - is watching, have
decided
• Prepositional phrase - in the light
• Adverbial phrase - as soon as possible

5. clause
• Is a group of words with a subject & a
predicate
• Actors perform on a stage.
• A subject can be noun phrase
• A group of people
• A verb can be verb phrase
• is standing at a bus stop

6. Clause structure
Noun [phrase] Verb [phrase]
A group of is standing at a bus
people stop
Jane and her
Are watching TV
family
People in
There Are
the room
It Is raining heavily
This dish Tastes delicious

7. Noun phrase
• Some words come after a noun
• With a prepositional phrase
• The shop around the corner
• With -ing phrase
• A student talking to a teacher
• With a relative clause
• The woman who discovered radium

8. • With “that” clause
• We disagreeshouldthe organized.
fundraiser
with
be
idea that a
• With to infinitives
• Do you need a place to stay?

9. sentence
• Simple sentence
• Compound sentence
• Complex sentence

10. Simple sentence
•Subject + Verb
• Must have a subject & a verb
• School / start / at / 8 a.m.
• Verb must agree with subject
• School starts
• Begin. with CAPITAL LETTER and end
with [full stop]
• School starts at 8 a.m.

11. • Can use adjective, adverb, preposition
to add information
• My school starts at 8 a.m. on the dot.
• The purpose of this proposal is to
summarize.

12. Compound sentence
• Two [2] simple sentences are combined
together by a conjunction with comma
• and/or/nor/but/so/for/yet
• The cupcakes are delicious, but
they are expensive.
• The machine breaks down time to
constantly, and takes a lot
get repaired.

13. Complex sentence
• Main clause + dependent clause
• clauses
Use subordinating conjunctions to join
• although, if, because, when
• I would advise against it because it’s
not really what we are looking for.

14. • Use relative clause to modify a noun
preceded
• which, who, whom, where, --
• with this idea, decided to make some
The student committee, who came up
changes.

15. Grammatical error

16. Noun vs. pronoun
• Do not repeat a noun with a pronoun in
the same clause
• My mother she told me to do the
dishes.
• My cellphone I lost it at a movie
theater.

17. conjunction
•Do not double-use the conjunction
• Although my classes aregood. but
my grades are not very
easy,
• Because thecome to class late.
therefore I
traffic is congested,

18. adverb
• Do not put an adverb BETWEEN a verb
and its direct object
• Our term papers. assigned already
the
professor has
• Our term papers. already assigned
the
professor has

19. Run-on sentence
• Incorrect use of punctuation
• study every day.
The students want to pass the test they
• The studentsday. to pass the test. They
study every
want
• Incorrect use of linking words
[conjunction]
• It was a beautiful day we wanted to go
the beach.
• It was a beautiful day, and/so we
wanted to go the beach.

20. fragment
• A sentence is missing a subject or a
verb
• Visit an orphanage.
• A gerund is used incorrectly
• We planning to have BBQ buffet.
• A dependent clause is written as a
complete sentence
• Because we can raise much money.

21. What’s wrong?
• Studying on weekends very hard
• My family is from Australia they
moved to Canada
• The experiment failed no one paid
attention to it
• The committee they organized the
fundraiser
• I disagree with the idea. Because it
doesn’t sound promising.

22. • Studying on weekends is very hard.
• My family is from Australia, then they
moved to Canada.
• The experiment failed because no one
paid attention to it.
• The committee organized the
fundraiser. [remove it]
• I disagree with the idea because it
doesn’t sound promising.