The author struggled to complete the task of identifying sentence types due to difficulties finding relevant materials and understanding what the task required. They were able to get help from their lecturer to clarify the task and then searched online and library books to learn about simple, compound, and complex sentences so they could complete the analysis. In doing so, the author felt they learned valuable skills for their studies to become an English teacher.

1. 3.0 Reflection
In my work to done this task, I had reaches many trouble. I can’t find the material
about type of sentences. So I try to find another way. I try to find the material of simple
sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences in internet and books from
library.
I also cannot find the best material in the books from library because it not a
university level but academic books in primary school only. After that I try to find the text
of current issue in the internet. I tried to use the text to identified type of sentences and
complete my task in English Language Proficiency.
Beside that, I also stuck when I do this task because of the task’s question. I
cannot understand what is the task exactly wanted. So I decide to see my lecturer, Mr.
Tay Chong Seng to ask him kindness to show me what are this task really want. It is not
easy to meet with Mr. Tay Chong Seng because he always not is around the Institute.
Sometimes he has meeting, so I cannot see him if I have a problem in my task.
I feel much enjoyed when doing the task because I can learn many things such
as how to find books in the library, how to search internet and the outline of the report.
All of it can help me in my studies to become an English teacher soon. Because of him,
now I have understand what to do and then I do it on my own and completely done
before the date of submission. I really thankful to all of who had helped me to did my
work.

2. Student Profiles
Name :Mohd Aidil Bin Othman
I.C Number :901224-01-6035
Course :Rbt/bi/bm Kumpulan 2
Unit :Ppismp/Julai 2008
Institute :IPGM Kampus Tun Hussein Onn
Phone Number :017-6329952

3. 1.0 Introduction
Sentence Types
English sentence structure includes three basic types of sentences: simple, compound,
and complex. These types indicate how the information in the sentence is organized,
not the content of the sentence. The grammatical term for a sentence is an independent
clause.
Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting
and lively. Too many simple sentences, for example, will sound choppy and immature
while too many long sentences will be difficult to read and hard to understand.

4. 2.0 Type of sentences
2.1. Simple sentences
The most basic type of sentence is the simple sentence. A simple sentence, also called
an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete
thought.
Example: We arrived early today.
A simple sentence can be as short as one word.
Example: Run!
Usually, however, the sentence has a subject as well as a predicate and both the
subject and the predicate may have modifiers. All of the following are simple sentences,
because each contains only one clause:
Examples:
Melt!
Ice melts.
The ice melts quickly.
The ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun.
Lying exposed without its blanket of snow, the ice on the river melts quickly
under the warm March sun.
As you can see, a simple sentence can be quite long -- it is a mistake to think that you
can tell a simple sentence from a compound sentence or a complex sentence simply by
its length.
In written work, simple sentences can be very effective for grabbing a reader's attention
or for summing up an argument, but you have to use them with care: too many simple
sentences can make your writing seem childish.

5. When you do use simple sentences, you should add transitions to connect them to the
surrounding sentences.
Example:
Simple
Canada is a rich country.
Simple
However, it has many poor people.
(Transition)

6. 2.1.0 Example of simple sentence
1) Kids love television
2) Does this sound like a normal routine?
3) Brazil and the United States are large countries.
4) Brazil lies in South America and has a large population.
5) They were raised as Soviets, and were taught to believe
that they were citizens of the great superpower.

7. 2.2 Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator
(coordinating conjunction). The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except
for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.
2.2.0 Combining clauses
a) Method 1
Comma + coordinating conjunction
, and , but , or , nor
, for , yet , so
Independent clause
Example: We arrived early, so we found a good place to sit.

8. b) Method 2
Independent clause
Semicolon + adverbial conjunction + comma
; also, ; indeed, ; otherwise,
; in addition, ; for example, ; as a result,
; besides, ; for instance, ; accordingly,
; furthermore, ; however, ; consequently,
; likewise, ; nonetheless, ; therefore,
; moreover, ; instead, ; nevertheless,
; in fact, ; meanwhile,
Independent clause
Example: We arrived early; consequently, we found a good place to sit.

9. 2.2.1Example of compound sentence
1) Meagan studied hard, for she wanted to pass the test.
2) Meagan studied hard, and her classmates studied, too.
3) Meagan didn't study hard, nor did she pass the test.
4) Meagan studied hard, but her brother didn't study at all.
5) Meagan studied hard, or she would have failed the test.
6) Meagan studied hard, yet she wasn't happy with her grade.
7) Meagan studied hard, so the test was easy for her.

10. 2.3 Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (i.e. noun clause, adjective
clause, or adverb clause) joined to an independent clause by a subordinator
(subordinating conjunction) or a relative clause.
2.3.0 Combining Clauses
a) Method 1
Independent clause no punctuation
Subordinating Conjunction
(or Relative Pronoun) + Dependent Clause
after although
as long as until Relative pronouns:
as even though
before rather than that
since when which
though whenever who
unless where whom
if wherever whose
because as if Whoever
whereas as though whether whomever
provided that while
so that
Example: We found a good place to sit since we arrived early.
Example: I can’t believe that he gave this excuse!

11. b) Method 2
Subordinating Conjunction
(or Relative Pronoun) + Dependent Clause
after although
as long as until Relative pronouns:
as even though
before rather than that
since when which
though whenever who
unless where whom
if wherever whose
because as if Whoever
whereas as though whether whomever
provided that while
so that
Example: Since we arrived early today, we found a good place to sit.
Example: That he gave this excuse is unbelievable! (Very short sentence – no comma)

12. 2.3.1 Examples of complex sentence
1) The hurricane struck while we were at the mall.
2) After the president gave his speech, he answered most of the reporter's
questions
3) A girl whom I know was recently accepted to Harved University.
4) The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris, is visited by millions of tourists
annually.
5) What you need to do is buy a new computer.
6) The students wanted to know when their teacher would return

13. Contents
Student profile ……………………………………………………………………………..…… i
Contents ………………………………………………………………………………….….. ii-iii
Part 1
1.0 Introduction …………………………………………...…………………………………… 1
Part 2
2.0 Type of sentences ………………………………………………………………..……. 2-3
2.1 Simple sentences
2.1.0 Examples of simple sentences ……………………………………………… 4
2.2 Compound sentences
2.2.0 Combining clauses ………………………………………………………….. 5-6
2.2.1 Examples of compound clauses …………………………………………….. 7
2.3 Complex sentences
2.3.0 Combining clauses …………………………………………………………... 8-9
2.3.1 Examples of complex sentences ……………………………………………. 10
2.4 Example text ………………………………………………………………………….11-13
2.4.0 Examples of sentences in text …………………………………………….14-16
2.5 Writing paragraph …………………………………………………………………….. 17
2.5.0 Classification of the sentences ……………………………………………... 18

14. Part 3
3.0 Reflection ……………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Part 4
4.0 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………… 20
Part 5
5.0 References ………………………………………………………………………………. 21

15. 2.5 Writing text
Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia,
located approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta.The temple is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is
characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture,
and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of individual temples. The
main building was completed in around 1953. Much of the original stonework has been
stolen and reused at remote construction sites. A temple will only be rebuilt if at least
75% of the original stones are available, and therefore only the foundation walls of most
of the smaller shrines are now visible and with no plans for their reconstruction. The
temple was damaged during the earthquake in Java in 2006. Early photos suggest that
although the complex appears to be structurally intact, damage is significant. Large
pieces of debris, including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The temple has
been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed

16. 2.5.0 Classification of the sentences
1) Simple sentences
Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia
2) Compound sentences
The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu
temples in south-east Asia
It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple
architecture, and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of
individual temples
Much of the original stonework has been stolen and reused at remote
construction sites.
3) Complex sentences
The temple was damaged during the earthquake in Java in 2006
Early photos suggest that although the complex appears to be structurally intact,
damage is significant
The temple has been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed

17. 2.4 Global Warming
"With public sentiment nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently,
he who molds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes than he who
enacts or pronounces decisions." Abraham Lincoln.
People exist always only in combination with nature, they cannot be separated from it
by any means and thus any kind of changes either positive or negative are always
reflected in our lives. Long time ago one of the main problems on the planet became the
global climate change. The Artic ice starts to melt and disappear; Latin America and
South America suffer from lethal storms and floods. Europeans have to face melting
glaciers, forest fires and heat waves. The tree rings and ancient coral in ice cores show
that the world has not been as warm before as it is now. The warmest years were all
starting since 1998. Most of these changes are influenced by human activities, as
people burn the nature's stores of coal, oil and natural gas. As a result billions of tones
of carbon dioxide come into the air annually. Some scientists even suppose that these
changes were caused by the dawn of agriculture. The well known phenomenon
connected with global warming is greenhouse effect. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that
makes the obstacle for the Sun radiation in the troposphere, the lower atmosphere.
Some researchers also show that cosmic rays are also connected with this effect. As
soon as the atmospheric CO2 rises the global temperatures are luckily to rise by around
2C to 5 C. As a result the ice starts to melt, changes in clouds and vegetation occur and
so on. When the glaciers melt, they will certainly cause some rivers to overflow, while
others will be emptied. The situations with water resources might cause conflicts in
different regions. All this will of course influence the natural ecosystems, as not all
species can move quickly enough to put up with the global warming, for example coral
reefs. The melting ices will influence not only the level of rivers' water, but also the level
of the oceans is disturbed. And if the level of the ocean rises 6 meters higher, that
would be enough to flood the lands of billions of people.

18. Forests and oceans on our planet were able to absorb about half of the CO2 people
produced, but since 2001 the amount of CO2 is twice bigger, which really limits the
resources of the nature.
Methane is the second most important gas for greenhouse effect. The effect of methane
is even 20 times greater than carbon dioxide, but there is less methane in the
atmosphere. Methane influences 25% of global warming. Methane is produced by cows
and termites. Thus agriculture and rice growing can produce methane. Besides coal
mining and oil wells also produce methane. The level of methane in the atmosphere is
constantly increasing - this is also an alarming fact for the Earth climate.
Public Health organizations are also worried about global warming, as researches state
that the global warming is luckily to increase human mortality, when the cases of
diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other parasites increase. But the American
Council on Science and Health announced the conclusions of its study which show that
such diseases could become serious problems for people disregarding global warming
and that these diseases can be prevented not only by reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. The aim of these conclusions was certainly to make the diseases for the
government not associated with global warming
But no matter what is said, global warming still stays a great problem of the whole
mankind. Certainly it is not possible to stop all human activities that disturb the
atmosphere as they are connected with producing food and making people warm. But
we should not forget that some predictions about global warming are close to tragic.
People are controlling the whole Earth as there are almost no places, which never felt
the hand of a human. And thus the whole responsibility is on people. There are certain
measures to at least avoid the worst case, the disaster on the planet. People can
reduce of greenhouse gas emissions with the help of energy conservation, like turning
the computers and other technical devices off, when they do not use them, use compact
fluorescent lights, and unplug the chargers of cell phones and digital cameras and so
on.

19. The issues of global warming and fossil fuel usage are certainly closely connected. The
use of oil and natural resources will decline in a decade. But this would not reduce the
carbon dioxide emissions automatically; the replacements with coal, heavy oil and tar
sand contain even more carbon, if to make them produce the same amount of energy
they will produce twice more carbon. But the fact is that all transport, roads and airports
for this transport are useless without oil. To create a new transport system is a task for
the whole society, not for an individual, besides it would need money, time, natural
resources and a lot of brain power. So the previous arguments concerning a lot of
money spent on the stopping or at least slowing the global warming can be put aside
against these ones.

20. 2.4.0 Type of sentences
Paragraph 1
Simple sentences
With public sentiment nothing can fail
Without it nothing can succeed
Paragraph 2
Simple sentences
The warmest years were all starting since 1998
Complex sentences
And if the level of the ocean rises 6 meters higher, that would be enough to flood
the lands of billions of people.
Some scientists even suppose that these changes were caused by the dawn of
agriculture

21. Paragraph 3
Simple sentences
Methane is the second most important gas for greenhouse effect.
Methane is produced by cows and termites.
Compound sentences
The effect of methane is even 20 times greater than carbon dioxide, but there is
less methane in the atmosphere.
Thus agriculture and rice growing can produce methane.
Besides coal mining and oil wells also produce methane.
Paragraph 4
Compound sentences
But the American Council on Science and Health announced the conclusions of
its study which show that such diseases could become serious problems for
people disregarding global warming and that these diseases can be prevented
not only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Paragraph 5
Complex sentences
Certainly it is not possible to stop all human activities that disturb the atmosphere
as they are connected with producing food and making people warm.
People can reduce of greenhouse gas emissions with the help of energy
conservation, like turning the computers and other technical devices off, when
they do not use them, use compact fluorescent lights, and unplug the chargers of
cell phones and digital cameras and so on.

22. Paragraph 6
Compound sentences
The issues of global warming and fossil fuel usage are certainly closely
connected.
The use of oil and natural resources will decline in a decade.
But this would not reduce the carbon dioxide emissions automatically; the
replacements with coal, heavy oil and tar sand contain even more carbon, if to
make them produce the same amount of energy they will produce twice more
carbon.

23. 4.0 Bibliography
Ang yian, T., Angeline Francis, Chew Poh ,C.,Lee Sau, K., Lee Yet, L., Ng Keat, S.
( 2009). Malaysian University English Test. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Federal
Usha Devi, V, (2008) PMR English Model Essays. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Sistem
English Grammar Types of Sentences:http:// LearningNerd.htm
Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of English: http://eslbee.com
Descriptive Text: http:// PAZEDU.htm